growing branches. The flowers are axillary, one on a pedicel; the pods are oblong-taper, and each contains 3 or 4 seeds. The wood is hard, compact, and very tough; yellow on the outside; and within, waved and striped with red, and with reddish brown. The bark is also very tough, and it is used as a substitute for ropes or cords, as the twigs are for withs. The seeds are stated by Pallas to be good food for poultry, and the leaves excellent fodder for cattle; they are also said to contain a blue colouring matter, like indigo. The species was introduced into Britain in 1752, and is not uncommon in British collections. The largest plant in the neighbourhood of London is at Syon, where it is 18 ft. high. In Ireland, in the Glasnevin Botanic Garden, is one, 20 years planted, which is 24 ft. high; the diameter of the trunk, at 1 ft. from the ground, is 7 in., and of the head, which is roundish and compact, 12 ft. In British nurseries, it is generally propagated by seeds, which are produced freely. The price of plants, in the London nurseries, is 50s. a hundred, or 1s. each; at Bollwyller, 50 cents each. 2. C. (A.) ALTAGA'NA Poir. The Altagana Caragana, or Siberian Pea Tree. Identification. Poir. Suppl., 2. p. 89.; Dec Prod., 2. p. 268.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Synonymes. Robinia Altagana Pall Fl. Ross., t. 42, L'Herit. Stirp., t. 76.; Caragana microphylla Lam. Dict., 1. p. 615. Derivation. Altagana is the name of the shrub in Siberia, Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 42, under the name of Robínia Altagàna; L'Hérit. Stirp., t. 76. ; and our fig. 308. Pe Spec. Char., &c. Leaves having 6 or 8 pairs of glabrous, obovate-roundish, retuse leaflets. Petiole unarmed. Stipules spinescent. dicels solitary. Legumes rather compressed. (Don's Mill., ii. p. 243.) A shrub, growing to the height of 3 ft. or 4 ft. in arid plains in Siberia, and probably only a variety of C. arboréscens. It was so considered by Pallas; and by others it has been confounded with C. microphylla, also, as we think, only a variety. It was introduced into England in 1789, and is not uncommon in British collections. It is usually propagated by grafting on C. arboréscens. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, 2s. 6d. each; and at Bollwyller, 1 franc. 3. C. (A.) MICROPHY'LLA Dec. The small-leaved Caragana, or Siberian Pea Tree. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 268.; Don's Mill, 2. p. 243. 308 Synonymes. Robinia microphylla Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 42., f. 1 2.; Caragàna Altagàna var., Poir. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves with 6-7 pairs of hoary retuse leaflets. Petioles and stipules rather spinescent at the apex. Root creeping. (Don's Mill., ii. p. 243.) A native of Siberia, and found in the desert of Baraba, and in other arid places. It was introduced into England in 1819, and differs very little from C. Altagàna; it, like that plant, being doubtless only a variety of C. arboréscens. 4. C. (A) REDO'WSKI Dec. Redowski's Caragana, or Siberian Pea Tree. Identification. Dec. Légum., t. 11.; Don's Mill, 2. p. 243. Engraving. Dec. Légum., t. 11., f. 45. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves with two pairs of ovate, acute, smooth leaflets. Stipules spinose. Flowers yellow. (Don's Mill., ii. p. 243.) A shrub, of which there are several specimens in the Horticultural Society's Garden, of the height of 4 ft. or 5 ft. It is a native of Siberia; and the plants referred to were raised from seeds received from Dr. Fischer of Petersburg, about 1820. In general appearance and habit of growth, it resembles C. Altagana, of which it is probably only a variety. Variety. PIA C. (A.) R. 2 præ` cox Fisch. only differs from C. Redówski in coming into 5. C. (A.) ARENA`RIA Donn and Sims. The Sand Caragana. 309 The shrubby Caragana. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 268.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 843. approximate near the top of the petiole: they are obovate-cuneated. Stipules membranous. Petiole furnished with a short spine at the apex. Pedicels solitary, twice the length of the calyx. Flowers yellow, resupinate. Leaves with a yellow hue. (Don's Mill., ii. p. 243.) Varieties. De Candolle mentions two forms of this species viz. : C. f. 1 latifolia, which has glabrous broadly obovate 310 Description, &c. The species is a shrub, a native of Russia, on the banks of the Wolga and other rivers. In open situations, according to Pallas, it does not exceed 5 ft. in height; but in woods and gardens it grows as high as 9 ft. or 10 ft., flowering in May, along with Cytisus purpureus. In British gardens, it is generally raised from layers, or by grafting, and is frequently found as high as 6 ft. or 8 ft. It was introduced in 1752, and is frequent in European gardens. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, 2s. 6d. each; at Bollwyller, 1 franc 50 cents. Identification. Bess. Enum. Pl. Volh., p. 29.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves with 2 pairs of oblong, cuneated, approximate leaflets, near the tip of the 8. C. PYGMA'A Dec. The pygmy Caragana. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 268.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Synonyme. Robinia pygmæ a Lin. Sp., 1044., Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. t. 45., Amm. Ruth., t. 35. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves with 2 pairs of linear, glabrous, approximate leaflets near the tip of the petiole, which is very short. Stipules and petioles spinescent. Pedicels solitary, and nearly the length of the calyx. Calyx nearly equal at the base. Leaflets acute, crowded, usually in the axils of trifid spines. Flowers yellow. (Dec. Prod, ii. p. 268.) Variety. C. p. 2 arenària Fisch. in Litt. has linear- 311 Description, &c. A low shrub, scarcely a span high, on the Altaic Mountains, but growing much higher in favourable situations. It has large trifid spines, slender leaves, and small flowers. The leaflets are remarkable for being in fours, disposed in the form of a star, in the axils of the spines. The young shoots are of a fine yellow, very tough, and fit for being used as withs. Pallas says that, in favourable situations, this shrub attains the height of 6 ft.; but, in British gardens, it is seldom seen above 4 ft. high, except when grafted as a standard on C. arboréscens, when it forms a small tree of very singular appearIt was cultivated by Miller in 1751, and is not unfrequent in British gardens. It is generally propagated by suckers, or by grafting. Plants, in the London nurseries, are 2s. 6d., or, grafted standard high, 7s. each; and at Bollwyller, 1 franc 50 cents. ance. 9. C. SPINO'SA Dec. The spiny Caragana. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 269.; Lindl. Bot. Reg., 1021.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Engravings. Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1021.; Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. t. 44.; Itin., t. E. e. f. 2. and 3., as Robinia 312 + the length of the leaflets. Flowers solitary, 313 grows to the height of 3 ft. or 4 ft.; and flowers in April and May. It is propagated by seeds, cuttings, or grafting; and plants, in London, are from 1s. 6d. to 2s. 6d. each. 10. C. TRAGACANTHÖI'DES Poir. The Goat's-thorn-like Caragana. Identification. Poir. Suppl., 2. p. 90.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 269.; Don's Mill, 2. p. 244. Synonymes. Robinia tragacanthöldes Pall. Nov. Act. Pet., 13. t. 7., Astr., 115. t. 86. ; Robinia macracántha Lodd. Cat. Engravings. Pall. Nov. Act. Pet., 10. t. 7.; Astr., 115. t. 86. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves with 2-4 pairs of oblong-lanceolate silky leaflets, ending in a little spine. Stipules spinescent. Adult petioles permanent, strong, and spinose, twice the length of the leaflets. Pedicels solitary, short. Legume hoary-villous. (Don's Mill., ii. p. 244.) A low spiny shrub, a native of Siberia, among granite rocks. Introduced in 1816, and producing its yellow drooping flowers in April and May. When grafted standard high, it forms a very singular object. Plants, in the London nurseries, 2s. 6d. each, or, grafted standard high, 7s.; and at Bollwyller, 3 francs. Identification. Poir. Suppl., 2. p. 89.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 269.; Don's Mill, 2. p. 244. Synonyme. Robinia jubata Pall. in Act. Pet., 10 t 6., Astr., p. 113. t. 85., Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 522. Engravings. Pall. in Act. Pet., 10. t. 6.; Asfr., p. 113. t. 15.; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 522, as Robinia jubata. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves with 4 or 5 pairs of oblong-lanceolate lanuginously ciliated leaflets. Stipules setaceous. Petioles somewhat spinose; adult ones deflexed, filiform, permanent. Pedicels solitary, very short. Legume glabrous. Flowers few and white, suffused with red. (Don's Mill., ii. p. 244.) A low shrub, seldom exceeding 18 in. in height, of a curious shaggy appearance, occasioned by the footstalks of the leaves being bristly or thorny, and remaining on long after the leaflets have dropped off. It is a native of Siberia, near Lake Baikal; and was introduced into England, by Mr. Busch, in 1796. It produces its white flowers, tinged with red, in April and May, and is increased by grafting on Caragana arboréscens. When grafted standard high, it forms a very singular-looking object. 12. C. GRANDIFLO`RA Dec. The great-flowered Caragana. Identification Dec. Prod., 2. p. 268.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Synonymes. Robínia grandiflora Bieb. Fl. Taur., 1. p. 168. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves with 2 pairs of oblong-cuneated approximate leaflets, near the tip of the petiole, which is very short. Stipules and petioles spinose. Pedicels solitary, almost the length of the calyx, which is gibbose at the base. Legume terete, acute, brown, glabrous. Flowers 1 in. long, yellow. (Don's Mill., ii. p. 243.) A shrub, a native of Georgia, near Teflis, producing yellow flowers, which are 1 in. long in June and July. It was introduced in 1823, and is in the Horticultural Society's Garden. 13. C. CHAMLAGU Lam. The Chamlagu, or Chinese Caragana. Identification. Lam. Dict., 1. p. 616.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 268.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Synonyme. Robinia Chamlagu L'Hérit. Stirp., N. Du Ham. Engravings. L'Hérit. Stirp., t. 77.; N. Du Ham. Arb., 2. t. 21., as Robínia Chamlàgu; and our fig. 314. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves with 2 pairs of distant, oval, or obovate, glabrous leaflets. Stipules spreading, and, as well as the petioles, spinose. Pedicels solitary. Flowers pendulous, large, and yellow, at length becoming reddish. Root smelling like liquorice. (Don's Mill., ii. p. 243.) A diffuse smooth shrub, a native of China, growing to the height of 4 ft., with a thick root and branching stem, with grey bark. The branches are alternate; at first upright, and then decumbent. The whole plant has a singular appearance, more especially when just going 314 out of flower. It was introduced in 1773, and is not uncommon in collections. It is generally propagated by separating the offsets, or by seeds, or it may be grafted on C. arboréscens. Grafted on this species, especially when the stock is 10 ft. or 12 ft. high, it forms a singularly picturesque pendulous tree; beautiful not only when it is in leaf or in flower, but from the graceful lines formed by its branches, even in the midst of winter, when they are completely stripped of their leaves. Plants, in the London nurseries, are from 1s. 6d. to 2s. 6d. each, and grafted standard high, 7s. 6d.; at Bollwyller, 1 franc; and at New York, 1 dollar. GENUS XIV. HALIMODE'NDRON Fisch. THE HALIMODENDRON, or SALT Tree. Lin. Syst. Diadélphia Decándria. Identification. Fisch. in Litt.; Dec. Légum. Mém., 6.; Prod., 2. p. 269.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 244. Synonyme. Halodendron Dec. Mém. ined. in Soc. Phys. Gen., March, 1824, but not of Petit Thouars. Derivation. Fom halimos, maritime, and dendron, a tree; in reference to the habitat of the shrubs, which grow in dry naked salt fields by the river Irtis, in Siberia. Description, &c. Deciduous shrubs, with silky leaves, and purplish flowers. There are only two species, one of which is probably only a variety. They are propagated by seeds, by cuttings of the roots, or by grafting on the common laburnum, or on the Caragana arboréscens. 1. H. ARGENTEUM Dec. The silvery-leaved Halimodendron, or Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 269.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 244. Synonymes. Robinia Halodendron Lin. Fil. Suppl., 330., Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 36.; Caragàna argentea Leaves hoary. Peduncles 2-flowered. (Don's Mill., ii. 315 Varieties. De Candolle mentions two forms of this species. H. a. 1 vulgare Dec. Prod., ii. 269. p. Leaves hoary or silvery. Standard the same length as the keel. (Sims Bot. Mag., t. 1016.) H. a. 2 brachysema Dec. Prod. ii. p. 269.- Leaves hoary or silvery. Standard one half shorter than the wings and keel. Style short. Description, &c. An irregular, much branched, rigid shrub, with a strigose grey bark, and leaves clothed with a whitish silky down. The flowers are numerous, resembling those of Lathyrus tuberòsus, both in colour and size; and they smell sweet. It is a native of Siberia, in saline steppes, near the river Irtis; and, according to Pallas, it is much frequented by insects, especially of the genus Méloe L., many species of which are peculiar to that region. It was introduced into Britain in 1779, by Dr. Pitcairn; and, according to Martyn's Miller, though it flourished in British gardens, it seldom, if ever, flowered there, "probably for want of the saline principle in the soil." been argued by some, that the halimodendron, and other trees which grow naturally in saline soils, should be supplied with sea salt in a state of culture: but, though this may be useful in some cases, experience proves that it is altogether unnecessary in others; and this is confirmed by the success with which the species before us is cultivated in British gardens. At present, it flowers freely from May to July, and, in moist seasons, later; and, when grafted standard high on the common laburnum, it forms one of the most graceful drooping trees that can adorn a lawn. There is a fine specimen of this tree in the Hammersmith Nursery, as there are of most species of Caragana, and of Calóphaca wolgárica. Price, in the London nurseries, from 1s. to 2s. 6d., grafted standard high, 7s. 6d.; at Bollwyller, 1 franc 50 cents; and at New York, 1 dollar. It has 2. H. (A.) SUBVIRE'SCENS Don. The greenish Halimodendron, or Salt Tree. Identification. Don's Mill., 2. p. 244. Synonymes. Robínia triflòra L'Héril. Stirp. Nov., 162.; H. argenteum ẞ subvirescens Dec. Prod., 2. p. 169. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves greenish. The standard of the same length as that of the keel. Pedicels 3-flowered. (Don's Mill., ii. p. 244.) A shrub, like the preceding one, of which it is, without doubt, only a variety. |