ed that they could not come back to the school. Year before last the committee in the first-year class informed me that a certain Filipino student had been tried for cheating in the examinations, that the usual committee of five that had been appointed was reduced to four, and the four were equally divided as to his guilt. The examinations were all over, and the students had gone, and the committee were wondering what they were going to do. If the student was guilty of cheating, he would not be allowed to return to the school. They requested me to consent to sit as judge and jury, with the assent of the accused, and try the case over again. There was nothing else to be done, although I objected. I very quickly decided that on the facts there was very little evidence of the young man's guilt, although the Filipino may have been making Spanish notes, so I very promptly rendered my decision exculpating him. The next morning I received a very large box of cigars from the Filipino, who had that same day sailed for Manila.

Frank Irvine:

Where was the moral stain in that case? F. M. Danaher:

And what became of the cigars?

William R. Vance:

I think I ought to explain. When Lord Bacon was before Parliament charged with having received bribes, he defended himself thus: "I do assure you, my Lords, that in no single case did I ever accept a present until after the case was decided." The Parliament committee did not seem to think that a very satisfactory explanation; so in my case I saw nothing to do with the cigars except to burn them up, and they are all

gone.

I am aware that many of my friends in the law schools think the honor system is more or less of a silly notion, and that it won't do for hardheaded business men to take up; but I tell you that sooner or later we are going to recognize that it is one of the ways in which the law schools will be enabled to build up the moral character of their students. I think the honor system onght to be extended beyond the University of Virginia. Furthermore, that is one of the best ways to prevent cheating at examinations.

Henry Wade Rogers, of Connecticut:

A resolution was introduced at the meeting of the Section on Legal Education at Seattle in reference to conferring the LL.B. degree. That resolution was referred to a committee of three-consisting of myself, as chairman, Professor Gregory, who was then Dean of the Law School of the University of Iowa, and Mr. Costigan, who was then Dean

of the Law School of the University of Nebraska. We considered the resolution which was referred to us, and made a report at the meeting of the section in Detroit. There was no time at the Detroit meeting to consider it, and it went over. It should have been considered at the meeting in Chattanooga, but as it was impossible for me to be at Chattanooga last year and on account of my absence the matter was deferred to this year. I will simply read the two resolutions, without reading the report, because the report has been printed and no doubt those of you who are at all interested in the subject are familiar with it. The two resolutions are as follows:

"First. Resolved, that the section advise the American Bar Association that in its opinion the right to grant the LL.B. degree ought, in the United States, as in England and Scotland, to be restricted to schools in law having a three years course of study for that degree, and do further advise that schools having only a two years course for the degree should grant, as in Scotland, the degree of L.B. It further advises that schools having a course of only one year should not have the right to confer any law degree.

"Second. Resolved, that the section advises the American Bar Association that in its opinion it is desirable that the right to confer degrees should be regulated by a uniform law."

By the last expression we did not mean necessarily a law established by legislative action, but that there should be unanimity as far as possible to secure it in the requirements governing the degree.

I am not going to make any speech on this subject, but I want to say by way of explanation that in England none of the universities can grant a degree in law to any person who has not got a degree in the arts or sciences and who has not studied law for three years, and that in Scotland there is a law which prohibits the granting of the LL.B. degree except to persons who have a degree in arts or sciences and who have studied law for three years. That law provides that for persons who have studied only two years and who have no degree in arts or sciences the degree in law shall be that of L. B.

On motion, both resolutions were adopted.

On the recommendation of the Committee on Nominations, Francis Lynde Stetson, of New York, was elected. Chairman, and Charles M. Hepburn, of Indiana, was elected SecretaryTreasurer, of the section for the ensuing year.

No more imposing entrance of a judicial body was ever devised than that of the Chief Justice and the eight Associate Justices of the Supreme Court into the Supreme Court chamber, a beautiful semicircular hall with a noble arched ceiling, in the center of the Capitol building, says the New York Sun under date of Washington, November 27th. Until the wings of the Capitol were completed this hall was the Senate chamber, and echoed in the olden time with the eloquence of Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, John Randolph, and John Tyler. It is now sacred to the use of the most august secular tribunal in the world. Across it runs a long platform with nine great armchairs; that of the Chief Justice, slightly differing from the rest, being in the middle. Before the bench is a wide, red-carpeted space for the lawyers, and beyond this are arranged around the semicircle red-cushioned benches for spectators. Behind the bench on which the justices sit is a huge screen, or reredos, with a door in the middle.

Everything in the hall is soberly sumptuous. The atmosphere is one of solemnity, as well it may be, for in this place of dignity history of many kinds has been made.

At 11 o'clock, when the court convenes, the lawyers are in waiting. To be a moment late would be the unpardonable sin. There are always spectators awaiting the court, sometimes anxious clients with tremendous interests involved. When the court is ready to appear, an official advances and gives three thundering raps, which sound like the crack of doom, and proclaims: "The Supreme Court approaches." At that all present rise, a door is opened by another functionary, and the long line of justices in their robes, headed by the Chief Justice, is seen majestically crossing the corridor from their robing room. When they reach the wide doors, respectfully held open for them, the crier announces:

"The Supreme Court of the United States." Until recently the announcement was: "The Honorable the Chief Justice and the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States."

But following the death of Chief Justice Fuller, and during the time when Associate Justice Harlan presided, the court was hailed merely as "the Supreme Court of the United States." That the new form was good enough for him was the decision of Chief Justice White when it was proposed to resume the old-time practice.

The justices, headed by the Chief Justice, upon entering, go behind the long screen, so that four of them may be on one side of the

Chief Justice and four on the other. Their entrance and place on the bench are strictly regulated by seniority of service. The Chief Justice enters from the door in the screen, held open for him. All mount the bench, and, standing for a moment, bow ceremoniously to the right and the left, to the lawyers and the spectators; all present bowing in return. The Chief Justice seats himself, the other justices then take their seats, the spectators sit, and the court crier proclaims:

"The Supreme Court of the United States is now in session."

By the great fire that destroyed one-third of the city of Bangor, the University of Maine College of Law lost its quarters in the Exchange Building, its library and equipment. Nearly all the students sustained heavy personal losses by the destruction of their lockers, boarding houses, fraternities, and homes.

When it became apparent that the Law School Building was in danger, eleven of the students, neglecting the opportunity of saving their personal property and that of their friends, endeavored to save the law library, the property of the state of Maine. They worked under very exhausting conditions until they were driven from the building by the flames, and until a number of them were obliged to jump from the second-story windows. Two of them were injured. Mr. J. K. Tertzag sustained a serious hurt in leaping from the building, and Mr. H. B. Westgate was overcome by the smoke and fainted, but was carried out of the building just in time. The eleven men were Frederick Prescott Adams, Cherryfield; Andrew Jackson Beck, Deer Isle; Everett Harlow Bowen, Bangor; William Henry Dwyer, Biddeford; Brad Dudley Harvey, Haverhill, Mass.; Leigh Irving Harvey, Bangor; William Daniel Owens, Lynn, Mass.; Howard Benjamin Rand, Haverhill, Mass.; Thomas Edward Sullivan, Lubec; Jacob Kevork Tertzag, Mamouret-ulAziz, Armenia; and Harry Bloch Westgate, Taunton, Mass.

Owing to the fact that the vault into which the books had been carried was dynamited and destroyed, it resulted that only five books were not entirely consumed by the fire. These books were abandoned by the insurance company, and given by Dean Walz to General Charles Hamlin, to Hon. L. C. Southard, of Boston, who had both made generous gifts to the law library, to Mr. J. K. Tertzag, and to Mr. H. B. Westgate, who had suffered seriously as the result of their

efforts to save the books, and one was retained by Dean Walz, to be placed in the new Law library, Maine Reports, vol. 28, the only state report saved, a souvenir of the great conflagration.

Immediately after the fire valuable gifts for the law library were made by the Boston University Law School, the Harvard Law School, and the John Marshall Law School, of Chicago. Gen. Thomas H. Hubbard, of New York, presented to the University a large check, which has been used towards the purchase of a set of Federal Cases. These valuable gifts, together with the insurance money and the special fire prices made for the renewal of their publications by the West Publishing Company, the Lawyer's Cooperative Publishing Company, and other firms, enabled Librarian R. K. Jones to secure a newer, better, and more fully equipped library than the one that had been destroyed by the fire.

The destruction of the Exchange Building and the apparent impossibility of finding another suitable location presented a problem of great, almost extreme, difficulty. Finally, however, an option was secured on the Isaac Merrill estate, at the corner of Union and Second streets, Bangor, a fine building and large lot, with room enough for the erection of additional halls when needed. On August 25th, at a special meeting, the trustees voted to purchase the estate. They were in part enabled to do this by the assurance of one of the leading citizens of the state of Maine that he had made provision in his will for a gift of $20,000 to the University for the benefit of the College of Law.

The new building purchased is in one of the finest parts of the city of Bangor, in a quiet neighborhood, and within a few minutes walk from the Court House, the Y. M. C. A., the Postoffice, and the business section of the city.

The grounds, surrounding the building, occupy nearly a whole square. The lawn is beautiful and affords plenty of space for tennis courts. Fine elm trees surround the building and give the property an academic air.

There

The building itself is three stories high, a brick, granite, and slate structure. are twelve rooms in the main part of the building, large, commodious, and well lighted. Those on the first floor will be used as recitation rooms, and are for the most part finished in mahogany. The reception hall, as well as the staircase leading to the second and third floors, are both all of mahogany. There are four large rooms on the second floor, to be devoted to library and office purposes, and four rooms on the top floor, one large enough to constitute a fine dormitory hall.

The new College of Law Building cost originally very nearly $100,000, but it was obtained by the board of trustees, under the able leadership of its president, Hon. Wm.

T. Haines, LL. D., on particularly favorable terms. The annual cost to the University, including interest and other charges, will be less than the annual rental paid for the less adequate quarters occupied in the destroyed Exchange Building.

As a result of the fire the University has thus acquired for its College of Law a dignified and permanent home suitable for immediate requirements and future needs.

A peculiar and characteristic feature of the course offered at the Baltimore Law School, Baltimore, Maryland, known as the "Tutorial System," is now being experimented with by the faculty this year for the first time.

The Tutorial System is designed to meet the need of the students for individual instruction and guidance. It has seemed to the Faculty that if a law student could have, at the commencement of his studies, some one who had lately been over the same course with success, who would discover the student's personal needs and give him advice and assistance, it would unquestionably be of the very greatest advantage.

Such a tutor could explain to the young student unfamiliar and technical terms, could guide him to the proper use of text-books and reports, could explain to him what was hard to understand in the lectures given, could save him from many mistakes and pitfalls into which students are apt to fall, and enable him at once to make use of every expedient which the graduate found useful during his three years of training. If such graduate adviser could remain with the student all through his course, giving him continuous help, making note of his progress and his failures, and seeing to it, so far as possible, that the student took in and appreciated what the lecturer offered him, it seems to the Faculty that the good received by the student from his attendance at the school would be much more than doubled. Such graduates moreover, keeping in constant touch with the professors, would give them important information as to their success in reaching the students, and enable them to adapt their line of instruction, better than would be otherwise possible, to the needs of the student body.

In accordance with this view the Faculty have determined to divide the incoming class of 1914 into groups and place an "Associate," who will be a graduate of the class of 1911, over each group, to act as tutor to them during their whole course at the school.

These groups will meet twice a week, at the school, between 9 and 10:30 p. m., in rooms assigned for the purpose, and will then be quizzed by the "Associate" assigned to them. It will be the duty of the "Associate" to find out their difficulties, their needs, and their progress from week to week, to remove

their difficulties, to supply their needs so far as possible, and to aid their progress, and, whenever he deems it advisable, to consult as to these matters with the individual professors, the Secretary, or the Dean.

For the Intermediate and Senior Classes there will be during the coming year "Quiz Classes," held at the same hour, and twice a week as nearly as possible, upon certain important subjects. These will be presided over by "Associates" who have graduated from the school in recent years previous to 1911. These last-mentioned "Associates" will confine their work to one or two special subjects, but, so far as those subjects are concerned, will do the same kind of work as is above outlined to be done for the Junior Class by the "Associates" of the class of 1911. The school has, at considerable expense, enlarged its quarters so as to provide room for the carrying out of the proposed plan.

By the adoption of this Tutorial System, it is confidently expected, not only that every student will have, without cost to himself, the advantage of a semiweekly Quiz Club, conducted by a regularly trained lawyer thoroughly familiar with the course, but also that there will be no student, whose need or position requires or justifies special help or hint, whose case will not be directly brought to the attention of those best qualified to give him the needed advice and assist

ance.

In the University of Pennsylvania a new course is offered in Office Practice, 'the work of which will consist in the performance by each student of a series of problems in practical office work, such as the practitioner is called upon to perform in the ordinary routine of his office. The paper and other work prepared by the student will be submitted in complete form, signatures, etc., and will then be examined by the assistant in charge of the course, Mr. Ed. W. Evans, who will examine and criticise the papers.

Conference with the students will be held at stated times, when practical advice will be given upon the preparation of office papers.

The Biddle Law Library of the University of Pennsylvania will begin the new year with a few changes. The growth of the state reports has necessitated new shelving, and, the stack room being already filled, two new sets of oak shelving have been placed in McMurtrie Hall. These have been designed by the architects in accordance with the general decorative scheme of that hall. As McMurtrie Hall is devoted to the English law, these shelves will be devoted to the current English Law Reports, thus completing the sets of English Reports in that room. The collections of foreign law have been placed in Sharswood Hall, with the exception of some of the case law. The very long set of the Patent Office Reports and Gazette have found

a place in McKean Hall, thus leaving space for the rapidly accumulating collections of Colonial Law.

During the year a very large number of the publications of English societies have been added to the shelves of the library. These represent the most exhaustive and scholarly researches of English lawyers and historians into the sources of the Law of England and the methods and instruments of its development. They contain matter of vital interest to the student of the common law, which is not to be found, in printed form, at least, anywhere else.

A very large number of early editions of treatises and reports, and many rare early books on the English law, have also been added to the library during the past year.

Although the Biddle Law Library is especially interested in collecting the sources of the law, in order that the original worker may be able to carry on in the library any special line of work he may desire, the library does not the less seek to be equally useful to the man who may need the latest case, and the last revised code or annual law. The American and English case and Statute Law has been kept up to date during the year, and all the new treatises that can claim to be of use to the student or working lawyer have been placed upon the shelves.

The Lebanon Law School, of Lebanon, Tenn., was created as a department of Cumberland University on the 9th day of January, 1847, or, to be more accurate, on that day the Board of Trustees took the first step, by resolution, looking to the establishment of a Law School. At various subsequent sittings of the Board the plan of organization was perfected, and in the month of October, 1847, the first term opened, with one professor and seven students present. Judge Abraham Caruthers was the professor. He resigned his seat upon the bench of the Supreme Court of Tennessee to accept the position. His name has passed into history as one of the ablest judges that ever presided in the courts of the state. He assailed and utterly discarded the old system of teaching by lectures, and insisted that the science of law should be taught like any other science-like mathematics, like chemistry.

The school was at once a success. In 1861, at the breaking out of the war, there were one hundred and eighty law students in attendance. Judge N. Green, Sr., then one of the Supreme Judges of the state, was called to assist Judge Caruthers in the conduct of the school in 1852. He resigned his position on the bench to do so. Shortly thereafter N. Green, Jr., was elected a professor; the prosperity of the school requiring the services of three instructors. These three gentlemen continued as the faculty until the breaking out of the Civil War in 1861. Judge Abra

ham Caruthers died during the war. Judge N. Green, Sr., survived the war, and assisted his son (N. Green, Jr.) in the revival of the school, but died, at an advanced age and full of honors, in 1866. He was succeeded that year by Hon. Henry Cooper, and two years thereafter, Judge Cooper having resigned, Judge Robert L. Caruthers, who was for many years on the Supreme Bench of the state, was elected to fill the vacancy. He resigned in 1881 because of advancing years and feeble health, and Andrew B. Martin succeeded him, having been elected to the position in 1878. In 1902 the services of Judge W. C. Caldwell, who was then upon the Supreme Bench of the state, was secured as Lecturer upon Constitutional Law and Supreme Court Practice; and in 1910 Hon. E. E. Beard was induced to undertake the work of organizing the moot courts and conducting therein the trial of cases.

Judge Nathan Green, who now has been connected with the school for nearly sixty years, is still its Dean and continues to teach several subjects.

The New York University Law School, which has heretofore maintained a two-year course in its Day Division, inaugurated a three-year course in all of its divisions last September.

To college graduates the degree of J. D. (Doctor Juris) will be granted upon the completion of three years work of twelve hours per week. To non-college graduates the degree of LL. B. will be granted under the same conditions.

A fourth year is in contemplation, which will be based upon historical, analytical, and comparative jurisprudence, and for which the degree of D. C. L. will be granted.

Two new books by members of the Law Faculty make their appearance this fall, a treatise on Contracts by Dean Ashley, and Cases on Trusts (American Casebook Series) by Professor Kenneson.

Gordon Ireland, an instructor for two years past, retires from the faculty with the end of this year. Mr. Ireland will devote his entire time to practice.

Hon. Carl Foster, District Judge, residing at Bridgeport, Conn., has accepted the instructorship in Connecticut Practice. His course begins October 7, 1911, and will continue throughout the year.

Daniel Frederick Burnett, a graduate of Rutgers College and of this school, enters the faculty as an instructor. Mr. Burnett has lectured in the Newark Law School for the past two years, and has been engaged in practice in New Jersey for some years.

George S. Sprague, the Registrar of the University, will give instruction in the subject of Persons in the afternoon division this year.

During the last school year the Detroit College of Law inaugurated a day class for the first-year students. This class has proved to be a success and will be continued in the future. This year instruction in the first and second year subjects will therefore be given to day students.

William L. Carpenter has resumed his work in the law school and will teach the subject of Constitutional Law. Judge Carpenter was formerly a professor in the school, but by reason of his removal to Lansing on his election as Supreme Court Justice his work was interrupted. Judge Carpenter lately resigned from the Supreme Bench and is now a member of the firm of Stevenson, Carpenter & Butzel, one of the leading law firms of the state of Michigan.

The subject of Partnership will be taught in the Detroit College of Law this year by Seward L. Merriam, general counsel for the Pere Marquette Railroad. Mr. Merriam was formerly a teacher in the school, but was obliged to give up his work on account of professional engagements.

Ira W. Jayne has been appointed instructor in the subject of Agency. Mr. Jayne also teaches the subject of Oratory. During the coming year increased attention will be paid to this subject. Mr. Jayne was for a number of years one of the leading members of the debating team of the University of Michigan.

Paul B. Moody has been appointed assistant to Clarence A. Lightner, professor of Equity Jurisprudence. Mr. Moody will have charge of the day class and Mr. Lightner of the evening class in that subject.

The trustees of the law school have under serious consideration the question as to whether the evening course should be lengthened to four years. This question will probably be settled at the next meeting of the Board of Trustees.

The Law School of the State University of Oklahoma was admitted to membership in the Association of American Law Schools at the meeting held in Boston last August. Considerable credit is due to the University of Oklahoma for establishing from the outset its law school on the strictest modern lines, with high entrance requirements and high standards of work, and with an unusually able faculty.

Two new members have recently been added to the faculty, viz., Victor H. Kulp, an honor graduate of the University of Chicago in both its academic and law departments, and a practicing lawyer in the city of Chicago of some five years' experience; and Marion R. Kirkwood, of California, who graduated with honors from Leland Stanford University, having taken the prelegal course, and who attended the Harvard Law School for one year, and then completed his course in