drooping, white flowers. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 6.) Nearly allied to Symplocàceæ. The species are among the hardier of the North American trees. Both in England and Scotland, in favourable situations, they attain the height of from 20 ft. to 30 ft.; and, in the climate of London, they not only flower freely, but ripen seeds in abundance. 1. H. TETRAPTERA L. The four-winged-fruited Halesia, or common Snowdrop Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 636.; Ellis in Phil. Trans., vol. 51. p. 931. t. 22. f. A.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 6 Synonymes. The Snowdrop Tree, Silver Bell Tree, Amer. Engravings. Curt. Bot. Mag., t. 910.; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1173.; Cav. Diss., 6. p. 338. t. 186.; Lam. III., 404.; our fig. 1012.; and the plate in our last Volume. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, sharply serrated. Petioles glandular. Fruit with 4 wings. Leaves acuminated, with the middle depressed. Flowers pure white, 9-10 in a fascicle, drooping, resembling those of the snowdrop. The wood is hard and veined; the bark is of a darkish colour, with many irregular fissures. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 6.) A tree, from 15 ft. to 30 ft. high, a native of South Carolina, along the banks of rivers. It was introduced in 1756, and flowers in April and May. Its flowers are produced in great abundance; and, from their shape, colour, and pendulous appearance, they are considered as resembling those of the snowdrop. It is one of the most ornamental of the American deciduous trees, and richly deserves a place in every collection. The rate of growth, for the first five or six years, is 1 ft. or 18 in., or more, a year; and in ten years it will attain the height of 12 ft., or 15 ft., if properly treated; but, as it is generally kept too dry, it is seldom seen at above half this height at that age. It ripens seeds freely in this country; from which, or from imported seeds, it is readily increased. The seeds often remain above a year in the ground. Planted singly in an American ground, or in a sheltered situation in a shrubbery, or plantation, this tree makes a splendid appearance in May. Statistics. In the environs of London, the finest specimens are at Purser's Cross and Syon House, in both which places it is 30 ft. high, with a trunk from 16 in. to 18 in. in diameter. There is a very singular tree at Syon, of which there is a portrait in our last Volume, the diameter of the head of which is 52 ft. Another tree, at Syon, 29 ft. high, has the diameter of the head 40 ft. In Surrey, at Bagshot Park, a tree, 20 years planted, is 20 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 5 in., and of the head 12 ft., in sandy loam. In Devonshire, at Kenton, it is 25 ft. high. In Cornwall, at Caulen Penryn, 20 ft. high. In Shropshire, at Willey Park, 15 years planted, it is 17 ft. high. In Staffordshire, at Trentham, 26 years planted, it is 15 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 11 in., and of the head 25 ft.; at Alton Towers, 10 years planted, it is 15 ft. high; and in the Handsworth Nursery, it is 20 ft. high, with a trunk 12 in. in diameter, in loose sandy gravel. In Suffolk, at Ampton Hall, 10 years planted, it is 8 ft. high. In Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, at Thainston, it grows 1 ft. a year as a standard, but dies back a few inches annually. In Argyllshire, at Toward Castle, 8 years planted, it is 7 ft. high. In Banffshire, at Huntly Lodge, 12 years planted, it is 12 ft. high, In Ireland, in the county of Down, at Ballyleady, 20 years planted, it is 17 ft. high; the diameter of the trunk 8 in., and of the head 20 ft. In France, at Scéaux, near Paris, 12 years planted, it is 16 ft. high; at Nantes, in the nursery of M. De Nerrières, 19 years planted, it is 20 ft. high. In Hanover, at Schwöbber, it is 30 ft. high. In Prussia, in the Berlin Botanic Garden, 20 years planted, it is 10 ft. high. In Italy, at Monza, 24 years planted, it is 16 ft. high. Commercial Statistics. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, ls. 6d. each; and of seeds, 3s. a quart. At Bollwyller, plants are 2 francs each; and at New York, 50 cents. 2. H. (T.) PARVIFLO'RA Michx. The small-flowered Halesia, or Snowdrop Tree. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 40.; Pursh Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 450.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 6. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 952.; and our fig. 1013. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves ovate, oblong, acute, nearly entire. Flowers octandrous. Fruit clavate, slightly winged. Leaves downy, glaucous beneath. Racemes panicled. Flowers white, drooping. Calycine teeth ovate. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 7.) A tree, 10 ft. high, a native of Florida, introduced in 1802, and flowering in May. From the plants of this sort in the Horticultural Society's Garden, we are convinced that it is nothing more than a variety of H. tetráptera, from which it differs chiefly in having the leaves somewhat downy. It well deserves a place, however, in every collection, even if it were less distinct than it is; and, to make sure of the continuance of the kind, it ought to be propagated by layers or cuttings, rather than by the usual mode of seeds; which, in this species, as in the preceding one, are ripened in abundance in England. Plants of this sort in Prince's Catalogue, New York, are marked at 1 dollar each. † 3. H. DIPTERA L. The two-winged-fruited Halesia, or Snowdrop Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp. Pl., 636.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 7. Engravings. Cav. Diss., 6. p. 338. t. 187.; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1172.; and our fig. 1014. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves ovate, acute, serrated. Petioles mooth sand even. Pedicels elongated. Fruit with 2 large opposite wings, and 2 obsolete ones. Flowers octandrous. Leaves much larger than those of either of the preceding species. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 7.) A tree, 10 ft. high, a native of Georgia and Carolina, in shady places, on banks of rivers. It was introduced in 1758, and flowers in April and May. The leaves of this species are broad, resembling those of Styrax grandifolium, with which, as it does not frequently flower in a young state, it is generally confounded in nurseries. The only flowering plant that we know of, in the neighbourhood of London, is against a wall in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, where it ripens seeds. It is commonly propagated by layers; and the price of plants, in the London nurseries, - is 5s. each; at New York, 1 dollar. 1014 CHAP. LXXIII. OF THE HARDY LIGNEOUS PLANTS OF THE ORDER SAPOTA CEE. GENUS I. ARGANIA Rom. et Schultes. THE ARGANIA. Lin. Syst. Pentándria Monogynia. Identification. Rom. et Schultes Syst., 46.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 27.; Lindl. Nat. Syst. Bot., 2d edit., p. 226. Synonymes. Sideróxylon spinosum Lin.; l'Argan, Fr.; Eisenholz, Ger. Gen. Char., &c. Calyx 5-10 cleft: the leaflets, or rather scales, roundish, concave, disposed in a double series. Corolla cup-shaped, 5-parted, with ovatelanceolate, subemarginate segments, having 5 petal-like linear-subulate segments, adhering to the base of the corolla, and alternating with its segments. Stamens 5, filiform, length of corolla, and adnate to its base. Anthers incumbent, ovate, keeled on the back. Ovarium conical, hairy. Style glabrous, length of stamens. Stigma simple. Drupe ovate, terminated by the style, 2-3-celled. Cells 1-seeded. Seeds hard, smooth, having a lon gitudinal furrow inside. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 28.)—A small evergreen tree, a native of the north of Africa, and somewhat tender in British gardens, where it should be planted against a wall. ↑ 1. A. SIDERO XYLON Ræm. et Schultes. The Iron-wood Argania. Identification. Rom. et Schultes Syst., 4. p. 502.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 28. Synonymes. Sideróxylon spinòsum Lin. Sp., p. 279., exclusive of the synon. of Rheede Mal, Ait. Hert. Kew., ed. 2., vol. 2. p. 14., Dry. in Lin. Trans., 2. p. 225., Correa in Ann. Mus., & p. 393. Elæodendron A'rgan Retz. Obs., 6. p. 26., Willd. Sp., 1. p. 1148., exclusive of the synon.; Rhamnus pentaphyllus Jacq. et Boccone, Schousb. Mar., p. 89.; Rhamnus siculus Lin. Syst., 3. p. 227., exclusive of the synonyme, Comm. Hort. Amst., 1. p. 161. t. 83. Engravings. Comm. Hort., t. 83.; and our fig. 1015. Spec. Char., &c. An evergreen tree of middle size, with a bushy head. Branches terminated by strong spines. Leaves lanceolate, entire, bluntish, glabrous, paler beneath; the lower ones in fascicles. Flowers lateral, and axillary, scattered, crowded, sessile. Corolla greenish yellow. Fruit dotted with white, size of a plum, full of white milky juice. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 28.) A native of the southern parts of the kingdom of Morocco; abundant in woods situated in the southern provinces, between the rivers Tausif and Sur; where it is a tree, growing to the height of from 15 ft. to 20 ft., flowering in July. It was introduced in 1711, and is occasionally met with in collections. It will stand our winters as a standard, but thrives best when planted against a wall. It is called argan by the Moors, who extract an oil from the fruit, which they use at table, and which the Europeans employ in a variety of preparations. A large plant against the wall, in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, flowers abundantly every year. There are plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in the Hammersmith and other nurseries. The argania thrives in a sandy loam, and is generally propagated by layers. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, 5s. each. GENUS II. 1015 BUME LIA Swartz. THE BUMELIA. Lin. Syst. Pentándria Monogynia. Identification. Swartz Prod., p. 49.; Fl. Ind. Occ., p. 493.; Schreb. Gen., 1736.; Lindl. Nat. Syst. Bot., 2d edit., p. 226.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 29. Synonymes. Achras sp. Lin., Poir.; Sideróxylon sp. Lam. and others; Chrysophyllum sp. Aubl. and others; Hochstamm, Ger. Derivation. From boumelia, the Greek name for the common ash. Gen. Char., &c. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla with a short tube, and a 5-parted limb, furnished with 2 scales at the base of each segment. Stamens 5, inserted in the tube of the corolla, and opposite its segments, having as many membranous scales, or sterile filaments, alternating with them. Ovarium 5-celled. Cells 1-ovuled. Stigma simple. Drupe ovate, 1-seeded. Seed albuminous. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 29.)-Subevergreen shrubs, or low trees. Leaves scattered, entire, permanent. Peduncles axillary and lateral, 1-flowered, usually crowded in fascicles. Flowers whitish. The hardy species are chiefly natives of Mexico and Carolina, and subevergreen, somewhat spiny, and rather tender in British gardens. 1. B. LYCIÖI'DES Gaertn. The Box-thorn-like Bumelia. Identification. Gærtn. fil. Carp., 3. p. 127. t. 120.; Pers. Ench., 1. p. 237.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 30. Synonymes. Sideróxylon Zyciöldes Du Ham. Arb., 2. p. 260. t. 68., Willd. Sp., 1. p. 1090., Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., vol. 2. p. 12., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 155.; S. læ've Walt. Fl. Carol., p. 100. Lycioides Sp. Lin. Hort. Cliff., p. 488. Engravings. Gærtn. Fil. Carp., 3. p. 127. t. 120.; Du Ham. 2. p. 260. t. 68.; and our fig. 1016. Spec. Char., &c. Spiny. Leaves broad-lanceolate, blunt ish, tapering to the base, glabrous. Flowers in axillary fascicles. Spines subulate. Leaves 2 in. long, deciduous, a little silky while young. Flowers greenish white. Segments of corolla ? trifid: perhaps from the two scales inside each segment. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 30.) A shrub, a native of Carolina, found in shady woods, where it grows to the height of 8 ft. or 10 ft., flowering in August. It was introduced in 1758, and is not unfrequent in London collections. There are vigorous-growing plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden, as standards; and in the Botanic Garden at Kew, and in Messrs Loddiges's arboretum, against walls. In the Horticultural Society's Garden, the distinction between Argania and Bumèlia is very obvious; but that between Bumèlia lyciöìdes and B. tènax is 1016 + much less so; as may be seen by the plants at Messrs. Loddiges's, at Kew, and in the Horticultural Society's Garden. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, 2s. 6d. each; and of the seeds, Is. per ounce. 2. B. RECLINATA Vent. The reclinate-branched Bumelia. Identification. Vent. Choix, t. 22.; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 155.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 30. Synonyme. Sideróxylon reclinàtum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 122. Spec. Char., &c. Spiny, bushy, diffusely reclinate. Leaves small, obovate, quite smooth. Flowers in axillary fascicles. Young branches terminated by a long spine. Leaves alternate, or in fascicles. Flowers small, white. Corolla and scales serrated. Sterile filaments subulate, entire. Drupe ovate. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 30.) According to Pursh, a small straggling shrub, a native of Georgia, on the banks of rivers, where it grows 3 ft. or 4 ft. high, flowering in January. It was introduced in 1806, but we have not seen the plant. 3. B. TE NAX Willd. The tough-branched Bumelia. Identification. Willd. Sp., 1. 1085.; Enum., p. 248.; Don's Mill., 4. 30. Synonymes. B. chrysophyllöldes Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 155.; Sideróxylon tènax Lin. Mant., p. 48., Jacq. Coll., 2. p. 252., Lam. Dict., 1. p. 245.; S. sericeum Walt. Fl. Car., p. 100.; S. chrysophyllöides Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 123.; Chrysophyllum carolinénse Jacq. Obs., S. p. 3. t. 54.; C. glabrum Juss. Engravings. Jacq. Obs., 3. t. 54.; and our fig. 1017. Bark Spec. Char., &c. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, of a to a plant of Bumèlia lyciöìdes; and, if they are correctly named, we should have no hesitation in giving it as our opinion that they are not specifically distinct. A plant, named Bumèlia sericea, against the wall of the Horticultural Society's Garden, where it has stood between three and four years, appears to be of this species. 4. B. LANUGINO'SA Pursh. The woolly-leaved Bumelia. Indentification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 155. Don's Mill., 4. p. 30. Synonymes. Sideróxylon lanuginosum] Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 123.; S. tènax Walt. Fl. Car., p. 100. Spec. Char., &c. Rather spinose. Branchlets spreading, downy. Leaves oval-lanceolate, glabrous above, and woolly beneath, but not silky. Flowers in axillary fascicles; very nearly allied to B. tènax, but differs in the leaves being woolly beneath, not silky, often obtuse. (Don's Mill., iv. p. SQ.) A small tree, a native of Carolina and Georgia, in humid situations among bushes. It was intro. duced in 1806; but we have not seen the plant. 5. B. OBLONGIFOLIA Nutt. The oblong-leaved Bumelia. Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 135.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 30. Spec. Char., &c. Spiny. Leaves smooth, oblong, obtuse, deciduous. Flowers conglomerate, nearly sessile, very numerous. Scales, or sterile filaments, trifid. Tree, with numerous twisted branches. Calycine segments ovate, concave. Drupe purple. Wood fetid. (Don's Mill, iv. p. 30.) A tree, a native of North America, on the Mississippi, near the lead mines of St. Louis: it is also abundant as far down the river as Natches, where it grows to the height of 18 ft. or 20 ft.; flowers in July and August. It was introduced in 1818; but we have not seen the plant. B. salicifolia Swz., Sideróxylon salicifolia Lam., A'chras salicifolia L., is a native of Jamaica and St. Domingo; but there is a tree against a wall in the open air in the Botanic Garden at Kew, which appears to be a Bumèlia, which Mr. Smith, the botanical foreman there, thinks may be of this species. It is at once distinguished from B. lycioìdes, which stands beside it, by its much larger, pale green, and willow-like leaves. CHAP. LXXIV. OF THE HARDY LIGNEOUS PLANTS OF THe order EBENA CEÆ. GENUS I. DIOSPY ROS L. THE DATE PLUM. Lin. Syst. Polygàmia Diœ`cia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 1161.; Juss. Gen., 156.; Gærtn. Fruct., 2. p. 478. t. 179; Lindl. Nat. Syst. Bot., 2d edit., p. 227.; Pr. Br. Prod., p. 525.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 38. Synonymes. E'benus Comm.; Guaiacina Tourn., $71.; Plaqueminier, Fr.; Dattelpflaume, Ger. Derivation. Diospuros (dios, divine, and puros, wheat,) was a name given by the ancients to the common gromwell (Lithospermum officinale). Its application to the date plum probably arose from confounding the Greek puros, wheat, with the Latin pyrus, a pear tree, to the fruit of which the date plum may have been thought to bear some resemblance. Gen. Char., &c. Flowers polygamous. Calyx deeply 4-cleft, sometimes 3- or 6cleft. Corolla urceolate, 4-cleft; sometimes 3- or 6-cleft. Male flowers having the stamens inserted by pairs into the base of the corolla, twice the number of its segments, with double or twin filaments, and the rudiment of a pistil. Hermaphrodite flowers having fewer and sterile stamens. Ovarium 8—12celled; cells 1-seeded. Berry globose, with a spreading calyx which is at length reflexed. Albumen horny. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 38.) Deciduous low trees, with white or pale yellow flowers. Natives of Europe, the north of Africa, Western Asia, the islands of the Indian Archipelago, and North America. The hardy species in cultivation in British gardens belong to the Levant and North America. 1. D. Lo'Tus L. The European Lotos, or common Date Plum. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1510.; Willd. Sp., 4. p. 407.; Ger. Emac., 1495. f. 1.; Park. Theatr., 1523. f. 3.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 38. Synonymes. Pseudoldtus Matth.; Guaiacàna patavina Tourn.; Italian Lignum Vitæ, Wood of Life, Pockwood, Bastard Menynwood, Gerard; Date of Trebisonde; Plaqueminier, faux Lotier, Fr.; Italianische Dattelpflaume, Ger. Engravings. Mill. Icon., t. 116.; Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. p. 20. t. 58.; Wangh. Amer., 84. t. 28. f. 58.; and the plates in our last Volume. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves oblong, acuminate, downy beneath; leaf buds hairy inside. Flowers small, reddish white. Fruit size of a cherry, yellow when ripe, sweet with astringency: it is recommended as a cure for diarrhoea. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 38.) A tree, a native of the southern parts of Caucasus, |