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lodged in Brade chapel, for the use of the servants of Sir William Johnston of Westerhall, broke into the chapel next day, seized the arms, which they distributed among their followers, and marched off to Moffat, in order to join the earl of Winton, who, with a party of Lothian gentlemen with their servants, amounting to seventy, was on his march for that place, where they met and quartered for that night.*

The same, or the previous night, Simon Fraser lord Lovat, having procured his pardon from the king, as already stated, arrived at Dumfries on his way to the north, and being unknown, was detained a prisoner, till the magistrates should be satisfied respecting his character and intentions. His lordship referred them to the marquis of Annandale, for the attestation of his character and loyalty. Mr. Currie, one of the magistrates, and a servant of lord Lovat's, waited accordingly upon the marquis at his house at Lochwood, who informed them, that he had been closely pursued up the Tweed, by the earl of Winton and his troop, and had afterwards narrowly escaped falling into the hands of Kenmure and his party; he therefore requested the magistrate to wait upon him next morning with a party, to conduct him safely into the town. Mr. Currie, of course, returned, and delivered his lordship's demands, when a drum was beat through the town, about eleven o'clock at night, and intimation given to all townsmen and strangers, who were provided with horses, to appear in the streets fully armed, by the next beat of the drum. An alarm was accordingly beat on the Thursday morning by one o'clock, to the consternation of the citizens, who knew not the real cause, and a considerable body of horse and foot drew up in the streets, which were all illuminated with the greatest alacrity. From the darkness of the night, it was judged impracticable for the foot to march, but about three o'clock, the horse proceeded to Lochwood, and returned with the lord lieutenant the same forenoon. Lord Lovat having certified the marquis of his steady loyalty, and that he was going to the north, for the purpose of raising his vassals for the service of his majesty, was allowed to depart at his own conveniency.

• Rae's History of the Rebellion, p. 250.

In the meantime, the rebels at Moffat, unacquainted with the extent of the preparations made to receive them, and still 'supposing that the town knew nothing of their intentions, took their route directly for Dumfries, and were within a mile and a half of the place, by two o'clock in the afternoon. Here, however, they were informed of these preparations, and agreed to retire, till their number, now about one hundred and fifty, should be increased by the accession of others of the party. They then retired to Lochmaben, carrying prisoners along with them, Mr. Paterson, one of the magistrates of Dumfries, Mr. Hunter, a surgeon, and Mr. Johnston, postmaster there, who had been sent out to reconnoitre, and unfortunately fell into their hands. They used them, however, in a kindly manner, and dismissed them next day, after the town had liberated three of their friends, who had been imprisoned on suspicion of being Jacobites.*

- No sooner did the rebels make these hostile demonstrations than the avenues of the town were hastily barricadoed, the highways cast up, intrenchments formed, the guards re-enforced, and every thing prepared for making the most vigorous resistance; and when the enemy was observed to be on the halt, the whole body assembled in arms, were unanimous in their determination to attack them, and to cut off their retreat, which not being permitted to do, they resolved next morning to surprise them in their quarters at Lochmaben, the lord Lovat volunteering his services to go on their head. From this rashness, however, they were wisely restrained, by the marquis of Annandale, who considered, that from their inexperience, their want of officers, &c., a rash attack might be attended with fatal consequences, not only to themselves, but to the good cause in which they were engaged. They were upon the succeeding days, employed by his lordship to far better purpose, in seizing and securing suspected persons, with their horses and arms, of which the number in that neighbourhood was very considerable. On Tuesday the eighteenth, a detachment of one hundred and fifty horsemen, was sent out to search the borders, who went as far as Springkell, and on their return,

*Rae's History of the Rebellion, p. 252.

put a garrison of twenty men into Cumlungan castle, the seat of the lord viscount Stormont; but his lordship soon after, surrendering himself at Dumfries, was sent in a prisoner to Edinburgh and the garrison was withdrawn.

At the same time, to cut off the communication between the papists of the lower parts of Galloway, and the rebels on the borders, the marquis of Annandale empowered Mr. John Sommerville, minister of Caerlaverock, to take off the back bridge at the Isle, and to keep a constant guard of the inhabitants of the said parish, who were almost all tenants to the earl of Nithsdale, at the Bankend bridge. He also granted warrant to Mr. Patrick Lin, one of the ministers of Dumfries, to assist him with the people in his part of the landward parish, which, with the utmost diligence, was done accordingly. Nor was it the lord Nithsdale's tenants in Caerlaverock alone, that were loyal; they were the same in Troquire, Terregles, and Kirkgunzian, and along with the tenants of the viscount Kenmure, and the earl of Carnwath, were all in arms at Dumfries, manifesting the most ardent zeal for the government. Two or three domestic servants were all the dependants that followed these three noblemen into the rebellion.*

Having made these and other necessary arrangements, and learned that the rebels had gone into Teviotdale, the marquis of Annandale returned to Edinburgh, on Thursday the twentieth of October, and the country people being allowed to return home, Dumfries was for a little left to the care of its own inhabitants.

The rebels under Kenmure, on entering the town of Lochmaben, Thursday the thirteenth, proclaimed the pretender with the usual formalities. On Friday, they proceeded to Ecclefechan, where they were joined by Mr. Maxwell of Sprinkell, with fourteen horsemen. Saturday, they marched to Langholm, and their number being thus increased to one hundred and eighty, on Sabbath the sixteenth, they entered Hawick, where they proclaimed the pretender, and rested for the night. On the seventeenth, they proceeded to Jedburgh, intending to go forward to Kelso; but learning that there were a number of

• Rae's History of the Rebellion, p. 257.

gentlemen assembled there for its defence, they, on the eighteenth, entered England, and marched to Rothbury, in order to join the Northumberland insurgents under Forster, who were still at Hexham. Forster, aware that general Carpenter was preparing to attack him there, and informed of the approach of Kenmure, broke up on the nineteenth, and making a long march, joined him at Rothbury the same night. Next day, all of them proceeded to Wooler. At Wooler, they rested on the Friday, and were joined by the Rev. Robert Patten, who was afterward the historian of their achievements, with a number of men whom he had enlisted for their service. Here they learned, that M'Intosh, with a detachment from Marr's army, was on the way to join them, and had already advanced to Dunse, on which they took the route for Kelso, in Scotland. On their march thither, they carried off a number of horses, and made a Mr. Selbie, a gentleman of that country, prisoner. Before entering Kelso, they halted upon a muir, where the gentlemen formed into troops, were drawn out by themselves, and called over, both by their names, and by the offices they were designed to fill in the several troops. To every troop, two captains were assigned, "being the only way," Patten observes, "they had to oblige so many gentlemen!" While they were thus employed, they had information brought them, that Sir William Grubbet had evacuated Kelso, as we have already observed, on account of the approach of brigadier M'Intosh and the Highlanders. They, of course, resumed their march, and fording the Tweed, though at that time very deep and rapid, entered Kelso without opposition, where they were joined by the Highlanders, as we have already seen, when they formed an army of one thousand four hundred foot, and six hundred horse, whereof about two hundred were menial servants.*

Next day, Sunday the twenty-third of October, lord Kenmure having the chief command in Scotland, ordered divine service to be celebrated, not in the episcopal meeting house, but in the great kirk of Kelso, and all the men to attend. Mr. Buxton

* Rae's History of the Rebellion, p. 268. Patten's History of the Rebellion, pp. 38, 39.

read prayers, and Mr. Robert Patten, the historian, preached from Deut. xxi. 17. "The right of the first-born is his." "All the lords," Patten informs us, "that were protestants, with a vast multitude of people, attended; and it was very agreeable to see how decently and reverendly, the very common Highlanders behaved and answered the responses, according to the rubrick, to the shame of many that pretend to more polite breeding. In the afternoon, Mr. William Irwine, a Scots clergyman and nonjuror, read prayers, and preached a sermon, full of exhortations to his hearers, to be zealous and steady in the cause. He had formerly preached the same sermon in the Highlands of Scotland, to the lord Viscount Dundee and his men, when they were in arms against king William, a little before the battle of Killycranky."

Next morning, the Highlanders were drawn up in the church-yard, and marched to the market-place, with colours flying, drums beating, and bagpipes playing, where they formed a circle, the lords and other gentlemen standing in the centre. An inner circle was formed by the gentlemen volunteers, and silence being enjoined, Seaton of Barnes, who assumed the title of earl of Dunfermline, proclaimed the chevalier, in a proclamation to the following effect. "Whereas, by the decease of the late king, James VII., the imperial crown of these realms, did lineally descend to his lawful heir and son, our sovereign, king James the VIII. We, the lords, &c., do declare him our lawful king, over Scotland, England," &c. &c. Marr's manifesto was then read, and the people with loud acclamations, shouted, No Union! No Malt! No Salt Tax!* After going through this ceremonial, they returned to their quarters, where they remained till the twenty-seventh, using no hostilities, further than lifting all the public revenues, searching for arms, foraging for provender, &c. &c. Of fire-arms, they found few, and these principally small pieces of cannon which formerly belonged to Hume castle, and had, in former ages, been employed against the English, but were, at this time, brought thence by Sir William Bennet, to be placed at the barricadoes

* Patten's History of the Rebellion, pp. 59, 40, 41.

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