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clenlye, in as good order as it ought to be.

Item, that hee suffer no laundres to come within the gates to fetche anye shirtes orlynnen from anye man to washe; but everie man so to order that matter, that the howse be not encumbered with the resorte of any such personne.

The Office of the Yoman of the

Wardropp.

Item, that he shall looke carefull to all such things as are commied to his charge, mending suche things as need, and preserving the reste by all good meanes he can.

Item, he shall eayre the bedding, and all other furniture, from tyme to tyme, as the same shall neede, that my lorde sustaine no losse thorough his defaulte.

Item, that he shall make readie and trimme up the chambers when strangers do come, according to their qualitie and degree.

Item, that he shall everie daye, when occasion serveth, bring downe oute of the chambers, suche plate, lynnen, pewter, and all other things, to the several offices whearunto they belonge.

The Yeoman of the Grannaryc.

Item, that he shall receave all sortes of graine, and thereof keepe a perfett booke.

Item, he shall keepe sweete, by often turning, all suche corne and graine as he receiveth; and deliver the same to the miliner, from tyme to tyme, as he shall have direction from some of the head officers, wey. ing it to the millner, and receiv, ing it by weight againe, and the same to deliver to the baker and brewer accordinglie.

Item, hee shall give up, weekely,

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Item, that he shall give diligent attendance in his office at all tymes, and keepe his brewing-house and brewing vessells cleane and sweete.

Item, that he keep his hoggsheads and other brewing vessels from bruscing or rotting; and he carefullie looke to the hoopinge of his hoggsheads and other vessells, that there be no losse to my lord by his negligence.

Item, that he shall receave his malte from the millner by weight; and shall, from tyme to tyme, brewe suche and so muche beere of every

quarter

quarter of malte, as he shalbe appointed by the head officers.

Item, that he shall give knowledg to the butler, or some of the head officers, when his beare is ready to be tunned up, that they may appoint the groomes of the stable, fewiller, hindes, and some other which have their diet in the house, to helpe to bestowe the same in the butteries; and that they use no chaire folkes at any tyme.

Item, their honnors' pleasure and commaundment ys, that no officer of household whosoever, shall chal lendge or take any fees, of what nature or kinde soever the same bee, unles their honnors, or one of them, do by their owne guift and warrant appoint the same; also their honnors' pleasure and expresse commaundment is, that no officer or servaunt in their house shall (with out the knowledge or consent of some of the head officers) use any chaire folkes; but that all things which are to be done, shal be performed by his householde servaunts.

A Description of the Form and Manner, how and by what Orders and Customes the State of the Fellowship of the Middle Temple (one of the Houses of the Court) is maintained; and what Ways they have to attain unto Learning. (Temp. Reg. Hen VIII.) From an Original MS. Herbert's Hist. of the Inns of Court.

First, there is no lands nor revenues belonging to the house, whereby any learner or student mought be holpen and encouraged to study, by means of some yearly stipend or salary; which is the oc casion that many a good witt, for

lack of exhibition, is compelled to give over and forsake study, before he have any perfyt knowlege in the lawe, and to fall to practisyng, and become a typler in the law.

The A uctoryte of the Hed Officer in

the House.

Item, that there is in the said house, yearly chosen by the elders of the house, one of the sagest of them to bere the office and name of tresorer: and his auctorite is to admit into the fellowship such as he thinketh mete: his auctorite is to assign to such as are of the fellowship there, their chambers and lodg ings. This auctorite is to gather of certen of the fellowship, a tribute yerely of iiis. iiüid. a piece, which among them hath the name of a pencion; and to receive of certain of the fellowship a rent of certaine chambers. This office is also to pay of the said money, the rent due to the lord St. John's for the house that they dwell in; and to pay also of the same money, the wages for reparations of their chambers and houses. This office is also to pay of the same money the wages or salary of the servants of the house; as the stuard, their butlers, cokes, and other officers; and yearly to yield accompt of his receipt unto two auditors, which are appointed unto them by the elders of the

house.

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the fellowship of the house, who, during two of the first years, or thereabout afteir their admission, shall dyne and sup together, and syt one more at a mess than the mas ters commens doth; and untill they be called up to be of the masters. commens, they shall not pay the pension money of iiis. iiiid. a piece; neither pay so much for their commens weekly as the masters commens doth by vid. a piece; and their serve the masters commens of their meat every day at dynner and sup

per.

Item, that the masters commens are such as have been in the house, by the space of two yeres or thereabouts; and then are by the elders of the house, which they call benchers, called up to the masters commens, whereas they sit one less in a mess than the clerks commens do; and pay vid. a week for their commens more than the clerks commens do; and pay eche of them iiis. iiiid. yerely to the treasorer for their pencion.

Furthermore, the masters commens are ferder divided into three companies; that is to say, no utter baristers, utter baristers, and - benchers.

Item, those that be no utter baristers are such as for lack of continuance in the house, or because they do not study or profit in learnyng, are not by the elders of the house called to dispute, argue, and plead some doubtful matter in the law, which among them is called motyng, before the benchers and elders.

Item, the utter baristers are they, which, after they have continued in the house by the space of five or six years, and have profited in the study of the law, are called by the

elders or benchers to plead, argue and dispute, some doubtful matter in the law, before certain of the same benchers, in the terme time. or in the two principall times in the yere, of their lernyngs, which they call grand vacations; and the same manner of argument or disp. tations is called motyng; and this making of utter-baristers, is as a pre. ferment or degree, given him for his learnyng.

Also the benchers are those utter baristers, which, after they have continued in the house by the spac of fourteen or fifteen years, are by the elders of the house chosen t reade, expound, and declare some estatute openly unto all the company of the house, in one of the two principall times of their lear ing, which they call the grand vaca tion in summer; and during time of his reading, he hath the nam of a reader, and after of bencher.

Item, that they have two chie times of learning with them, whic they call their grand vacations; one doth begin the first Munday i cleane Lent, and doth contine three weeks and three days, which time one of the elders benchers, that hath before tim read, and expounded some estatut. doth then read and expound other statute again: the othe doth begin the first Munday after Lammas Day, and doth contin three weeks and three days, which doth rede such as are firs chosen to be benchers.

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Item, by the old custome of the house, all such as are made fellows the house, unles they be dispenser withall at their admittance, a compelled to be personally prese at two the first grand vacations Lent, after their coming; at t

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the first grand vacations in summer, after their comyng; and two the first Christmasses, that be solemnly kept, after their comyng, upon peyne of forfaiture of xxs. for every defaut.

Item, all they that are fellows of the house, except at the time of their admittance they be dispensed withall, or for their lernyng be promotyd, and made utter-baristers, are compelled to exercise all such roomes and offices, as they shall be called unto, at such time as they shall kepe a solempne Christmass, upon such peynes as are by old custome used to be assessed for the refusal of occupying of such offices.

Furthermore, in the same grand vacations, when that one of the elders doth rede and expound an estatute, such baristers as are of long continuance, do stand in a place together, where as they reherse some one opinion, or saying of him that readeth, and by all ways of learning and reason, that can be invented, do impugne his opinion; and sometimes some of them do impugne it, and some other do approve it, and all the rest of the house give eare unto their disputations; and at last the reader doth confute all their sayings, and confirmeth his opynion.

Also in the same grand vacations, every day at night, except Sonday, Saturday, or some feste of ix. lessons, before three of the elders or benchers at the leste, is pleaded and declared in homely law-French, by such as are young lerners, some doubtfull matter, or questions in the law; which afterwards an utter barister doth reherse, and doth argue and reason to it in the law French; and after him an other utter-barister doth reason in the

contrary part in the law-French also; and then do the three benchers declare their myndes in English; and this is that they call motyng; and the same manner is observed in the terme-time.

Furthermore, besides this; after dyner and supper the students and lerners in the house, sit together by three and three in a company; and one of the three putteth forth some doubtfull question in the law, to the other two of his company; and they reason and argue to it in English; and at last, he that putteth forth the question, declaryth his minde, also shewing unto them the judgment or better opinion of his boke, where he had the same question: and this do the students observe every day through the yere, except festivall days.

Also after the term ended, and after the two grand vacations ended, then the young men that be no utter-baristers do dispute and argue in lawe-Frenche, some doubtfull question before the utter-baristers, who at the last do shew their opinions, in Englysh, thereunto; and this manner of disputation is called meane vacation motes, or chapel motes.

Item, that the Myddil Temple doth finde two readers, which are utter-baristers, unto two houses of chancery; that is to say, StrondeInne, and New-Inne: which readers do reade unto them upon some statute in the terme-time, and in the graund vacations: and they of the house of Chancery do observe the manner of disputations and motyng, as they do in the Temple: and their readers do bring eche of them two with him of the Temple, and they argue unto it also.

And besides this, in the graund vacation

vacation time, out of the four houses of court, come two and two out of every house of chan cery; and there according to their yeares and continuance of the house that they be of, which they call auncienty, they do argue and reason to some doubtfull matter that is proposed, so that the most youngest doth begyn, and the next to him in continuance doth follow; and at last he that readeth to that house of chancery, doth declare his opynion in the matter that is called in question.

There is none there that be compelled to lerne, and they that are learners, for the most part, have their places of learning and studies so sett, that they are much troubled with the noyse of walking and communication of them that be no learners and in the terme time they are so unquieted by clients and servants of clients, that resort to such as are attorneys and practysers, that the students may as quietly study in the open streets as in their studies.

Item, they have no walk in whiche too talk and confer their learnings, but in the church; which place all the terme times hath in it no more quietnesse than the pervyse of Powles, by occasion of the confluence and concourse of such as are suters in he law.

The Charges of the Masters Commens and Clerks Commens, for their Mete and Drinke by the Ycare, and the Manner of the Dyet, and the Stypend of their Officers.

Inprimis, every one of the mas ters commens payeth by the yeare for his dyet vil, 10s.

Item, every one of the clerks commens payeth by the yeare for his dyet . iiiis.

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This is a generall rule allways observed, that whensoever two of the masters commens doth sit at a messe, then at so myche mete doth sytt three of the clerks commens : and when three of the masters commens doth syt at a messe, then doth foure of the clerks commens sit at so much meat.

Sonday. At Dinner.

Betwene two of the masters commens is served meat to the value of iii d. and the third part of iid.

At Supper.

Betwene three of the masters com. mens at supper is served meat to the value of iii d.

Munday. At Dinner.

Betwene two of the masters commens is served meat to the value of 1d. ob. and the third part of id.

At Supper.

Betwene two of the masters commens is served meat to the value of d. ob.

Tuysday. At Dynner.

In the terme time is meat to the value of iiiid. served betwene two of the masters commens; and out of the terme betwene three of the mas

ters commens, mete to the value of iiid.

Wednesday. At Dynner.

Meat to the value of id, ob. and the third part of iid. betwene two of the masters commens.

At Supper.

Meat to the value of id. and the third part of iid. betwene two of the masters commens.

Thurs

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