each of the ends round two of the ports, excepting one that was clenched round the main-mast; and with great difficulty, by long rods and diving, I got small lines rove through four of the ports on the starboardside, by which means I got four of the cables through those ports across her deck, which were clenched to the main-mast and larboard-side, having four ends on each side completely fast, at equal distances from cach other. I brought the Broederscarp, of 1063 tons burthen, out of the harbour, which received the four ends on the starboard-side, also four lighters of 100 tons each, which took in the other four ends, on the larboard-side, over their bows. All the eight ends were, at low water, hove down with great power, by a purchase lashed distinctly on each of them. I then laid down two thirteen inch cables, spliced together with an anchor of twenty-four hundred weight, in a direction with the ship's keel. On the end of the cable next the frigate a block was lashed, through which was rove a nine inch hawser, one end of which was made fast to the ship; the other end was brought to a capstan on board the Broederscarp, and hove on it as much as it would bear, with an intention to relieve the frigate from the powerful effect of cohesion. This had so far the desired effect that, at about halfflood, I perceived the ship to draw an end, and swing to the tide; and all the slings were considerably relieved. At high water she was completely out of her bed. At the next low water I hove all the purchases down again. At half-flood she floated; and the whole group drove together into the harbour, a distance of three miles, and grounded the frigate on

the west side of it. It took me two tides more to lift her on the shore, sufficiently high to pump her out; which was then done with ease, and the ship completely recovered, without the smallest damage whatever, either to her bottom or her sides.

I do not apprehend there is any thing new in the mode I adopted in weighing the Ambuscade, excepting the idea of removing the effect of cohesion, by the process before described; and I have every reason to think that if that principle had been acted on in the attempt made to weigh the Royal George, it would have succeeded.

Of the Manner of preparing China Soy, by Michael von Grubbens. From the Memoirs of the Academy of Sciences of Stockholm.

The transactions of the academy of sciences for the year 1764 contain a description, by the late captain Ekeberg, of the preparation of China soy; but as that description is not only incomplete but even inaccurate, (for by following it the genuine China soy cannot be ob. tained,) I am persuaded that M. Ekeberg never saw, nor was acquainted with, the method employ. ed for preparing it. I presume that he gave this description from the accounts of the Chinese, which are not always to be depended on, as I found, by experience, in the five years of my residence among them, when I wished to make myself acquainted with their method of managing a kind of silk worm, which spins five or six times a year, of dying cotton and silk, and with several other branches of Chinese economy.

Having since, at a dear rate, ac

quired accurate information on these subjects, I have seen how widely their accounts differ from the truth. I experienced the same thing when I wanted to learn their method of making soy; but having at length obtained a perfect knowledge of the process, I think it my duty to communicate it to the academy.

Soy is made of a species of kidney-beans (which are white, and much smaller than those of Turkey) wheaten flour, common salt, and water, in the following proportions: fifty pounds of kidney-beans, fifty pounds of salt, sixty pounds of flour, and two hundred and fifty pounds of water. After the kidneybeans have been well washed, they are boiled in an open pot, in spring water, several hours, or till they become sufficiently soft to be mashed between the fingers. During the whole time they are boiling, they ought to be covered with water, that they may not be burned. Care should be taken not to boil them too much, as too great a portion of the substance would be left in the liquor. When the kidrey-beans are boiled in this manner, they are taken out, and put into large low wooden vessels, or, according to the Chinese method, into tubs made of split bamboo, two inches and a half deep, and five feet in diameter. In these they are spread to the thickness of about two inches. When they are cool enough to be stirred with the hand, flour is gradually sprinkled over them, and well mixed with the kidney-beans; and this is continued till the whole of the flour is used. When the mass becomes too dry, and the flour does not blend with the kidney-beans, a small quantity of the hot liquor may be added. The whole being well

mixed, the mass is spread in the above-mentioned vessels, taking care that it may not lie in cakes more than an inch, or an inch and a half thick; after which, put over them covers that fit exactly. When you perceive that the mixture begins to grow mouldy, and that heat is disengaged from it, which takes place in two or three days, the cover may be lifted up and supported by two sticks, in order to give the air free admission. During this time a rank smell is exhaled: if the mixture assume a green colour, it is a sign that all goes right; but if you observe that it begins to grow black, raise the cover still higher, that the mixture may come still more in contact with the air. If the mixture once become black it is entirely spoiled. When you perceive that the whole mass is green and mouldy, which commonly happens in eight or ten days, remove the cover, and expose the mixture several days to the air and sun.

When the whole mass has become as hard as stone, cut it into small picces, and throw them into a large earthen pitcher; add 250 pounds of water, in which the 50 pounds of salt have been dissolved; stir the whole well together, and take notice how high the water reaches in the pitcher. In case one pitcher is not sufficient, divide the mass into several, always observing that each should be proportioned to the quantity of matter put into it.

The pitcher being thus filled, place it in the sun; the contents should be stirred and shaken regularly each morning and evening. Take care to put a cover over the pitcher every evening, to secure the mass from the cold. This cover should be made convex above, that 313

rain

rain may run off with the more facility. It must likewise be put on if it should happen to rain in the day-time.

The greater the heat of the sun is, the sooner the preparation of the soy is finished. This operation is, in general, undertaken only during the summer, and yet it requires two or three months.

In proportion as the mass diminishes by evaporation, add spring water to it; continue this process till the salt water has entirely dissolved both the flour and the kidney beans; then leave the pitcher a few days longer in the sun, that the dissolution may be the more complete, as on that circumstance the quality of the soy always depends. During this time you ought not to neglect to shake it every day.

When you find that the mass has become more succulent and oily, pour out the whole into bags, from which by pressure, you extract the soy, which is then clear, and ready for use. It must not be boiled afterwards, as M. Ekeberg asserts, but must be put into bottles, which should be carefully corked. The Chinese use large stone bottles for this purpose. Before it is pressed the soy is of a dark brown colour, but it

then becomes black.

With the pulp that remains, the Chinese make two other kinds of soy; the first time they add one hundred and fifty pounds of water and thirty pounds of salt; and, after pressing the mass, they again

pour to it one hundred pounds of water and twenty pounds of salt, constantly proceeding in the manner described above.

The two latter are not strong, but very salt, particularly that last extracted, the colour of which likewise is much lighter. These two kinds are the most common in China, and are used both by the Chinese and Europeans: the difference between them is as 8:4: 1.

In this manner I prepared, in 1759, at my residence in Canton, all the soy that I used there; I even brought with me a few bottles to Sweden: it was succulent, oily, pretty salt, and quite different from that commonly sold in Europe. In taste it was equal to that of Japan, which is generally considered to be the best.

The accuracy of this description may be the more relied on, as I always prepared my soy myself; I even venture to assert, that there is no other process for obtaining soy of the best quality. M. Ekeberg says that the soy is boiled, and that sugar, ginger, and other spices are added to it; but this cannot be the case, since a pound of soy costs no more than 2 canderins, Chinese money (about threepence - halfpenny English). This was the ordinary price during the whole time of my residence in China: so that it cannot be supposed that those ingredients are employed in its preparation. Besides this soy has no taste of sugar or spices, but that of salt predominates in it.

ANTI

Articles Indented & accorded betwixt Will". Maitland Principall Secre. tarye and of the privy Counsell with the Queene of Scotts, And the right honorable Lord Will". Howard Baron of Effingham, Knight of the Garter and Lord Chamberlaine of Houshold to the Queenes Mat of England Comissioners for both the said Queenes hereunto authorised At Greenwich the 6 Daye of July 1562*. Copied from the Original in the MS. Collection of the Marquis of Buckingham.

N Primis, it is accorded & agreed betwixt the said Com yssioners upon certaine knowledge of the naturall effection that bothe the said Quenes of Englande and Scotlande do beare one to the other, & consequently of their mutuall earnest desires to mete personally together, that both the said Quenes shall by the permyssion of Almightie God mete together at the Citie of Yorke or in defaulte thereof at some convenient place betwixt the said Citie and the Rver of Tweed in the Realm of Englande betwixt the 20th

of Auguste and the 20th day of Septembre. Item, because the meting of the two Quenes sholde be full of joye and give cause to manifest their great mutual love & affections, as also to increase the same, it is accorded that neither of them nor any of their counsaylors, servantes, or subjectes shall motion any thing of (Jealousie +) that may be prejudicial to ether of the said Quenes the Realmes or the Lyberties of the same, provided nevertheless that the Quene of England maye at her pleasure require the perfecting of the treatie made at Edingburgh 3de Julii 1560. Item, the said Quene of Scotts shall not be pressed with anye thing whiche she shall shew herself to mislike, before she shall have retorned into her owne realme, nor that she or anie other pson comyng in her companie, and being of her trayne, shal be chal lenged or troubled during her abode within the said realm of England, for anie cause passed or begon before her entre into the realme of England. And yf anye pson of the trayne of the Quene of Scotts co

mytt anye offence whin the realme of Englande contrary to the laws of Englande, that neither the Quene of Scotts nor anie other of her trayne besides the psons offending shal be trobled therefore. And yff there be (offence committed) by anie one of her trayne against anie other of the same, so it be not capitall, the offendor shal be justefied; or order of the said Quene and her marshall or other her officer (taken. But if it) be comytted against anie English man, the Scottishe marshall shall as sist and be present wth thordinary judge of Englande, to see that indifferency be used toward equal processe. Item, it shall be lefull for the said Quene of Scotts to come into this realme with the nobre of one thousande psons or under, of all estates and degrees whatsoever, with moneys coined and uncoined, Lres close and patent, wth all other bagg & bagguage, and to remayne as longe as it shall please her, and to retorne likewise at her (pleasure; and) all man er of persons, yf they exceade not the nobre aforesayd, may come and repayre to her, either from Scotlande or from auie other place wth lees or messages, and retorne (in like) manner wthout any let or impedyment, saving that they sball give notyce of their passage to the principall offyceres or their deputies upon the frontyers of their names and surnames. Item, for the more ready knowledge of the nobre that shall come with the said Quene of Scotts, there shal be on the ptie of the said Quene, certificats made in writing of the names and surnames, wth their qualities, of all noblemen and psons of great estate, and of the nombre of all sortes that shall come into the reaime of Englande by virtue of these articles, that is to saye, the nobre

of suche as shal be reputed to be of the said Quenes housholde, by it. self, and likewise of the trayne of everie other nobleman attendinge upon her, which certificate shal be delyvered, at the least, tenne daies before her comyng to the frontyers, to the warden of the marches, and by him shal bedelyvered to suche princi. pal person of the nobilitie as shall be sent from the Quene of Englande to receive the said Quene of Scotts, upon the frontier, and to conduct her to the place of entreview. Item, it is furder accorded, that the said Quene of Scotts shall, if she please, entre into this realm of Englande by the town of Barwicke; so as her trayne within that towne exceed not the nobre of two hundred persons at one tyme; and that in the hole, from the time of her entre until her retorne, there may pass and repass thro the said town, the nobre of three hundred persons, and not above; and the rest to pass by Norham and Wark. Item, it shall be permitted to the said Quene of Scott and her trayne, to use the rytes and ceremonyes of their relegion as at this day they use at Scotland. Item, because the monye of Scotland be not currant within this realm, the Quene of Englande is contented that either her tresorer of Barwic receiving of the officares of the said Quene of Scotts the somme of ten thousand pound of golde and silver of Scotland, or under, shall deliuer in exchange, so much currante monies of England as the same shall be worth in value and riches, havinge regarde to the silver, golde, and metal contained in the said Scottish monics; or else her majestie shall give her orders, that the monies of Scotland, being of gold and holding in finess, not under the carract; and