also at the united sections of the council of state and tribunate, conformable to article 95, title 11. He is present at the celebration of the marriages and births of the princes, and at the coronation and funeral obsequies of the emperor. He signs the procès verbal drawn up by the secretary of state. He presents the titularies of the grand dignities of the empire, the ministers and secretary of state, the grand civil officers of the crown, and the president of the court of cassation, when the oath is administered to them in the presence of the emperor. He administers the oath to the members of the court of cassation, and to the presidents and attornies general of the courts of appeal and also of the criminal courts. He presents the solemn deputations and the members of the courts of justice, when admitted to an audience of the emperor. He signs and seals the commissions and appointments of the members of the courts of justice, and the ministerial officers; he seals the commissions and appointments of the civil and administrative functions, and of the other acts which will be designated in the regulation entitled "Organization of the seal." -41. The arch-chancellor of state performs the functions of chancellor, in promulgating treaties of peace, and in declaring war. He presents to the emperor and signs the credentials and correspondence with the different courts of Europe, according to the forms of the imperial protocol, of which he is the keeper. He is present when the minister for exterior relations lays before the emperor his annual report of the political situation of the state. He presents the ambassadors and ministers of the emperor, when the

oath is administered to them in the presence, of his imperial majesty. He administers the oath to the residents, chargés des affaires, secretaries of embassy and legation, commissaries general, and commissaries for commercial relations.-42. The arch-treasurer is present when the ministers of finance and the public treasury lay before the emperor the annual accounts of the receipts and expences of the state, and make known to him their views with regard to the financial necessities of the empire. Before the accounts of the annual receipts and disbursements are laid before the emperor, they must receive his signature. He presides at the united sections of the council of state and tribunate, conformably to article 95, title 11. He receives every three months the report of the labours of the national accountants; and once a year he receives the general result and plans of reform and amelioration in the different offices of the public ac counts, which he lays before the emperor. He balances every year the great book of debt. He signs appointments and civil pensions. He administers the oath to the national accountants and administrators of finance, and the principal agents of the public treasury. He presents the deputations from the national accountants and the administrators of finance, when admitted to an audience of the emperor.-43. The constable is present when the minister at war and the director of the war department lay before the emperor the annual report of the dispositions to be taken for completing the defence of the frontiers, and the charge of keeping up, repairing and provisioning the fortified towns. He lays the first stone of every for

tress

tress about to be erected. He is governor of the military schools. When the emperor does not present in person the colours of any regiment, they are presented in his name by the constable. In the absence of the emperor, the constable reviews the imperial guard. When a general is suspected of a crime specified in the penal military code, the constable may preside at the council of war. He presents the marshals of the empire, the colonels general, the inspectors general, and the officers general, when the oath is administered to them in the presence of the emperor. He administers the oath to majors, captains, commodores, &c. He instals the marshals of the empire. He presents the generals, colonels, majors, &c. of the army, when admitted to an audience of the emperor. He signs appointments in the army, and those of the military pensioners of the state.-44. The grand admiral, is present when the minister of marine lays before the emperor the annual report of the state of the navy. He annually receives and presents to the emperor, the ac. counts of the chest of marine invalids. When an admiral, vice-admiral, or rear-admiral is suspected of a crime specified in the penal military code, the grand admiral may preside at the court martial. He presents the admirals, vice-admirals, rear-admirals, and captains, when the oath is administered to them in the presence of the emperor. He administers the oath to the members of the council of prizes, and to captains of frigates. He presents the admirals, vice-admirals, rear-admirals, captains, and members of the council of prizes, when admitted to an audience of the emperor. He

signs appointments in the navy, and those of the marine pensioners of the state.-45. Each titulary of the grand dignities of the empire presides over a departmental electoral college. The grand elector presides over the electoral college at Brussels. The arch-chancellor of the empire presides over the electoral college at Bourdeaux. The archchancellor of state presides over the electoral college at Nantz. The arch-treasurer of the empire presides over the electoral college at Lyons. The constable presides over the electoral college at Turin. The grand admiral presides over the electoral college at Marseilles.—46. Each titulary of the grand dignities of the empire receives annually, according to established usage, a third of the sum appropriated to the princes, conformably to the decree of the 21st of December, 1790.47. An imperial statute regulates the functions of the titularies of the grand dignities of the empire about the person of the emperor, and determines the costume to be worn by them in grand ceremonies. The emperor's successors cannot deviate from this statute but by a senatus consultum.

Title VI.-Of the grand Officers of the Empire.

48. The grand officers of the empire are: first, marshals of the empire, chosen from among the most distinguished generals, their number not to exceed sixteen: of which number the marshals of the empire who are also senators, cannot make a part. Secondly, eight inspectors of artillery and fortifications, troops of horse, and marine. Thirdly, grand civil officers of the crown, as they shall hereafter be appointed by statutes of the emperor.-49.

The

The post of grand officer is perpetual.-F. Ech of the grand officers of tapire presides over an electoral college, which is specially appointed to him at the moment of his nomination.-51. If, by an order of the emperor, or by any other cause whatever, a titulary of a grand dignity of the empire, or a grand officer relinquishes his functions, he nevertheless preserves kis title, rank, privileges, and a moiety of the salary attached to his office. He can only forfeit them by a judgment of the high imperial court.

Title VII.-Of Oaths.

52. In the course of the two years subsequent to his accession or majority, the emperor, accompanied by the titularies of the grand dignities of the empire, the ministers, the grand officers of the empire, takes the oath of fidelity to the French people upon the evangelists, and in the presence of the senate, the council of state, the legislative body, the tribunate, the court of cassation, the archbishops, the bishops, the grand officers of the legion of honour, the national accountants, the presidents of the courts of appeal, the presidents of the electoral colleges, the presidents of the cantonal assemblies, the presidents of the consistories, and the mayors of the 36 principal towns of the empire. The secretary of state prepares the procès verbal of the ceremony.-53. The oath taken by the emperor is couched as follows: "I swear to maintain the integrity of the territory of the republic; to respect and to cause to be respected the laws of the concordat and the liberty of public worship; to respect and to cause to be respected the equality of rights, political and civil liberty, the irrevocability of the sales of national

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domains; to levy no duty, to impose no tax but by virtue of the law; to maintain the institution of the legion of honour; and to have no view in governing, but the interest, the happiness, and the glory of the French people."—54. Before he enters upon the exercise of his functions, the regent, accompanied by the titularies of the grand dignitaries of the empire, the ministers, and the grand officers of the empire take the oath upon the evangelists and in the presence of the senate, the council of state, the president and questors of the legislative body, the president and questors of the tribunate, and the grand officers of the legion of honour. The secretary of state prepares the procès verbal of the ceremony.-55. The oath taken by the regent is as follows: "I swear to administer the affairs of the state, conformably to the constitutions of the empire, the senatus consulta and the laws; to maintain in all its integrity the ter ritory of the republic, the rights of the nation and those of the imperial diguity, and faithfully to deliver up to the emperor, as soon as he attains his majority, the power which has been confided to me.”—56. The titularies of the grand dignities of the empire, the ministers and the secretary of state, the grand officers, the members of the senate, the legislative body, the tribunate, the electoral colleges, and the cantonal assemblies, take the following oath: "I swear obedience to the constitutions of the empire and fidelity to the emperor." The public functionaries, civil and judicial, the officers and soldiers of the army on land and sea take the same oath.

Title VIII.-Of the Senate. 57. The senate is composed, 1st. of the French princes who have attained

tained their 18th year; 2dly, of the titularies of the grand dignities of the empire; 3dly, of the twentyfour members chosen by the emperor from the lists delivered in by the departmental electoral colleges; 4thly, of citizens whom the emperor deems proper to raise to the dignity of senator.-58. The president of the senate is named by the emperor and chosen from the list of the senators. His functions continue for twelve months.-59. He convokes the senate at the command of the emperor, and at the requisition, 1st, of the commissions hereafter spoken of in article 60 and 64; 2dly, of a senator, conformably to the provisions made in article 70; 3dly, of an officer for the interior concerns of the body. He lays be fore the emperor an account of the several convocations made at the requisition of the commissions, &c. their object, and the result of the deliberations of the senate.-60. A commission of seven members, named by the senate and chosen from the body, takes cognizance of arrests (conformably to article 46 of the constitution,) whenever the person arrested is not brought before the tribunals in the space of ten days after the time of such arrest. This commission is called the senatorial commission for personal liberty.-61. Every arrested person not called to take his trial in ten days after his arrest, may immediately appeal by himself, his representatives, or by petition, to the senatorial commission for personal liberty.-62. When the said commission is of opinion that the interests of the state do not call for the detention of the arrested person beyond the period of ten days, it invites the minister who ordered the

arrest to cause the person so detained to be either set at liberty, or sent before the ordinary tribunals.

63. If after three successive invitations, renewed in the space of one month, the detained person is not set at liberty or sent before the ordinary tribunals, the commission demands an assembly of the senate, which is convoked by the president, and makes, if it so determine, the following declaration: "There are strong presumptions that N. is arbitrarily detained." It afterwards proceeds conformably to the provisions of article 92, title 13, of the high imperial court.-64. A commission of seven members named by the senate and chosen from the body, is appointed to watch over the liberty of the press. Works printed and distributed by subscription and at stated periods do not come under its cognizance. This commission is called the senatorial commission for the liberty of the press.-65. Authors, printers, and booksellers, having reason to complain of injunctions being laid upon the printing or circulation of works, may apply personally or by petition to the commission for the liberty of the press.-66. When the commission is of opinion that the interests of the state do not demand such injunction, it invites the minister who issued the order to revoke it.-67. If after three successive invitations, renewed in the space of one month, the injunction still continues, the commission demands an assembly of the senate, which is convoked by the president, and makes, if it so determine, the following declaration: "There are strong presumptions that the liberty of the press has been violated." It afterwards proceeds conformably