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the tonic sound heard in all. Again, in low, the w is mute, and

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also in bow (arcus), though heard in the verb to bow.

We shall see hereafter the sub-tonic character of W and Y.

AI.—This diphthong is composed of a and å, as in pain, ail, which are distinguishable to a fine ear from the pure tonic in ale, pane, &c.; but the distinction is really very slight-still it exists.

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OI-as in boy, voice, is ai.

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OU-as in our, out, &c., is of a complex nature, and appears to be triph-thongal. It seems to my ear to be compounded of aou; but I am not quite clear as to its elements. For reference to the eye, I shall distinguish it thus, ou, (to denote its triphthongal character,) in the following

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And that there is all nature cries aloud through all

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All pale with pain he fainted in the place.

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Ånd Eve in Éden ever happy there.

if infidelity first victims find.

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Oh holy hope, to live beyond the tomb.

The wonder and the worship of the world.

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Now law shall bow before the power of arms.

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Our wounds cry out for help.

And burning blushes spread o'er all her cheek.

Let the pupil now go through the Table of Tonic Sounds, giving to every element its perfect sound, in a full, loud tone of voice, but without strain or painful effort. This, more than any practice, will tend to strengthen and bring out his voice (see "VOCAL GYMNASTICS"); and next, let him go carefully through the Exercise on the Tonics, until he shall read them with perfect purity of tonic sound. The careful doing of this at the outset, will save the pupil much after-trouble in the matter of articulation.

We now pass to the

SUB TONICS (15)-ATONICS (10.)

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Lingua-dental (teeth closed) D-ash. T-ask.

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Palatine sibilant

Lingua-dental (teeth open) Th-en. Th-in:

A-z-ure. Sh-ame.

(hard) (soft)

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Palatine aspirates

Wh Labial aspirates

Y-et. H-it.

W-ild. Wh-en.

Lingua-palatine (vibrat'g) R-ome. R-ide.

Lingua-palatine

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Nasal-palatine

L-ull. L-ily.

M-um. M-ind.

Nasal-lingua-palatine N-u-n. N-o-w.

E-ng-land. Thi-ng.

OBSERVATIONS.

It will be observed that the A-tonics have each their appropriate Sub-tonics, to which they belong, and of which they are the vanish, or last fading sound: thus B, when sounded, after its tone or vocality ceases, fades into P; D into T; G (hard) into K, &c.; as may be perceived by sounding the syllables Bab, Did, Gig, &c.

9 and 10.-Y and W, when initials, lose their full tonic character, which they have when final; and become sub-tonic aspirates in their connection with a succeeding tonic. as in ye,

yet, we, won.

When w is followed by an h, the aspiration is doubled, as wh-o, wh-en, wh-y. The aspiration is made by the flow of breath-in Y, over the tongue-in W, through the protruded lips.

DIRECTION. The pupil, or teacher, must pay particular attention to the organic formation of the subtonics and atonics, as it will enable him easily to correct defects of articulation.

EXERCISE

ON THE

SUB-TONICS AND A-TONICS.

1. Black bubbling brooks break brawling o'er their bounds. The painted pomp of pleasure's proud parade.

2. Decide the dispute during dinner-time, by dividing the difference.

Tourists thronged, from time to time, to traverse the Thames tunnel.

3. Gregory, going gaily, galloped gallantly to the gate.

Crazed with corroding cares, and killed with consuming complaints.

4. Vanity of vanities, and all is vanity.

Frank Feron flattered his friends, but failed not to find fault with his foes.

5. His zeal was blazoned from zone to zone.

Serpents and snakes were scattered on the sea.

6. Judge and jury adjourned the judgment.

Chosen champion of the church, he cherished her children.

7. The azure sea is shining with ships, that shape their course for home.

8. This thread is thinner than that thistle there.

9. Year after year the o'er-ripe ear is lost.

Ye heard him hurry yelling o'er your head.

Up a high hill he heaved a huge, hard stone.

10. We wildly wish, while wiser workmen win whate'er will worth reward.

11. And rugged rocks re-echo with his roar.

12. Lamely the lion limped along the lawn.

13. Many men of many minds, mixing in multifarious matters of much moment.

14. None know nor need to know his name.

15. England's king lay waking and thinking, while his subjects were sleeping.

VALUE OF THE ELEMENTARY SOUNDS.

All deficiencies of articulation (not proceeding from organic defect) are merely an imperfect or difficult utterance of the elementary sounds-tonics, sub-tmics,

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