the Apologia that learned prelate could not be the writer. I have indeed discovered the real author; and the imputation whether of Milton, or his nephew, applied to this excellent bishop, must never more be named. Dr. Symmons is wholly mistaken in his supposed discovery of the author. I have the authority also of bishop Bramhall himself on my side. But it was thought subservient perhaps to

• From the following work we learn the name of the author of

the Apologia: "Polemica sive Supplementum ad Apologiam anonymam pro Rege et Populo Anglicano, adversus Jo: Miltoni Defensionem Populi Anglicani, &c. Per Io: Rowlandum, Pastorem Anglicum. 1653." 12mo. In p. 47, the author begins to speak of his former book, and of himself: "Estimantur tamen plerumque libri authorum vel patronorum titulis, ut divites gemmis,

'cui annulus ingens,

atque ideò pluris quàm Cottus agebat.' Et nisi typographis hoc supplementum vili venisset, qui egenti et nudo nullam laboris mei mercedem porrigere ausi sunt, vel præli impensas facere, suo lucro metuentes, diu antehac hanc secundam Apologiam publici juris fecissem. Sed si Salmasius, vel Heinsius, vel quis magni nominis meæ præfigeretur, sperno spretus, cum Heinsii Socratis pulchro fortasse pulchritudine certaret. Sed meam intra anni spatium decorticare periculum fecit quidam Johannes, an alter et idem Miltonus? Philippus, vel Pseudo Philippus ? cui ratio non est quod ipse succenserem, qui, errando circa authorem Apologiæ, me dignitate episcopali honoravit, et Episcopum Dirræum, aulicorum sacerdotum primipilum, omn vitiorum labe maculavit.—Quoad cætera, Philippus, levis veles, in tricis et quisquiliis ferè totum se exercet circa linguæ Latinæ puritatem, cum mihi à 14 annis nec grammatica nec dictionarium fuerit, quàm quæ cerebro meo mecum circumferre possim; et tamen hisce phantasmatibus, verbis, et tropis incauti lectores capiuntur, tanquàm Prisciani vel Despauterij causa ageretur, qui, quoniam in re tam seriâ tam puerilitèr ineptit, non

the consequence of the cause, to exhibit its nameless opponent as a man of the most distinguished talents. In this year Sir Robert Filmer's Animadversions on Milton's Defensio, Hobbes's Leviathan, and Grotius's De Jure Belli, were likewise published. They were unnoticed by Milton. In 1652 also, the following publication appeared in Dublin against

t

aliud à me responsum expectabit quàm quod hoc disticho comprehendam:

Phy nota fætoris Lippus malus omnibus horis,

Et malus et Lippus, totus malus ergo Philippus.

Non sum enim Johannes Bramalius Episcopus Dirræus aulicus, sed Johannes Rowlandus Anglicus, Pastor Ecclesiæ particularis, et tamen nominis mei me non pudet, quod in Ecclesiæ orthodoxum, olim in proverbium cessit, Rowlandus pro Olivero," &c. Cap. 5. Ad fin.—I have now to communicate bishop Bramhall's own remark, obligingly transmitted to me from Ireland, before the second edition of this account was published, by the Rev. Edward Berwick, (of Esker near Leixlip,) who, in looking over some original letters of the bishop, discovered the information in one of them addressed to his son under an assumed name, and dated at Antwerpe in May 1654. "That silly book which he [Milton] ascribes to me, was written by one John Rowland, who since hath replied upon him. I never read a word either of the first book or of the replie in my life."

This is an extremely rare book, though of no great importance as to the discussion of the controversy. I had long sought for it in vain. The kindness of B. H. Bright, Esq. of Cadogan Place, has lately supplied me with it. It is dedicated to King Charles II., and the author tells his majesty, " Obmutuisse mihi nimiùm Salmasius videtur, à Miltonio petitus, quamvis acer sit, et sedulus calumniarum vindex. Ejus partes, impar licet, suscepi tamen," &c. For himself and both the combatants he says, «Non ego in injurias et maledicta descendam, Miltoni sequutus exemplum ludimagistrorum, et mulierum inter se altercantium, consuetudo est; non eruditorum, quales Salmasius et Miltonius,"

him: "Carolus I. à securi et calamo Miltonii vindicatus." And in 1653, at Leyden. Caspari Ziegleri Lipsiensis circa Regicidium Anglorum exercitationes. Accedit Jacobi Schalleri Dissertatio ad loca quædam Miltoni." Ziegler has thought proper thus to insult the great poet: "Jam verò, in dictis S. Scripturæ interpolandis et enervandis, quantus artifex est Miltonus! Jesuitis felicior, ipso Diabolo audacior!" And addresses this Ad Lectorem Benevolum! Schaller is not disposed to abuse.

From the Salmasian controversy we now return to Milton in the exercise of other official employ

ment.

"1650-1, Feb. 10. Ordered, that the "

way of

p. 2. He distributes the contents of his little book into seven answers to as many charges brought against King Charles I. by Milton. Among other hasty assertions, he describes the poet as having dismissed his wife through jealousy. The title describes the book as printed "Dublini, apud Liberum Correctorem, Via Regia, sub signo Solutæ Fascis." small 12mo. 118 pages.

See the published Litera Senatus &c. of Milton, making inquiries of this person as to the object of his mission; his powers or character, whether of ambassador, or agent, or envoy, &c. "Internuntio Portugallio," the letter not dated; but it must have been after Dec. 24, 1650, because Bradshawe, in a letter of that date says, "we are busied with preparing reception for embassadors; one from Portugall being upon his way from Southampton hither, the Parliament according to his desyre having sent him. their safe-conduct, &c. Some thought, it would have been fitt to have knowne of the Portugall Minister, whether he had been furnished with power to have treated touching satisfaction for damages &c. done to this nation, and to have seen a copy of his,

treating with the Publique Minister of Portugall be by a Committee of the Councell, consisting of such a number as the Councell shall thinke fitt, in reference to the quality of the said Minister.

"That Mr. Milton, the Secretarye for Forreigne Languages bee appointed to attend the Committee at their meetings, and that Joseph Frost be employed for such writing as the Committee shall have occasion for in this business.

"1650-1. Feb. 18. Ordered, that Mr. John Milton be Secretary for the Forreigne Languages for the time of the Councell.

"1650-1. March 5. Ordered, that it be referred to the Committee of Examinations to viewe over Mr. Milton's booke, and give order for reprinting of it, if they thinke fitt.

X

credentialls, before a safe-conduct granted," &c. Letters of State, ut supr. among Milton's Papers, 1743, p. 39. Sir Henry Vane too, in a letter dated Dec. 28, 1650, observes that "the Parliament had appointed a Committee to consider whether the Portugall envoye shall be heard in the House, or at a Committee, enclining rather unto the latter." Ibid. p. 41.

* The Iconoclastes: the second edition of which with additions is said to bear the date of 1650. See Baron's edition of it, 1770. Pref. p. I. But 1650-1 is the true date, though 1650 be alleged, in the title-page; and then in 1651 came out the answer to it, entitled Eikwv 'Akλaotos; as upon another reprint of it in his Prose-Works, in 1692, an answer called Vindicia Carolina appeared.

"1651. March 27. Ordered, that the letters that are to be sent to the Ambassadour of Spain shall be sent unto him by Mr. Milton.

"1651. March 28. Ordered, that Mr. Milton doe translate the Intercursus Magnus, which he is to have from Sir Henry Vane.

« 1651. April 4. Ordered, that such dispatches as come to this Councell from forreigne parts, in any forreigne tongue, are to bee translated for the use of the Councell.

"1651. April 10. Ordered, that Mr. Vaux bee sent unto, to lett him know that hee is to forbeare the removeing of Mr. Milton out of his lodgings in Whitehall, untill Sir Henry Mildmay and Sir Gilbert Pickering shall have spoken with the Committee concerning that businesse.

"1651. April 23. Ordered, that the paper, now read, to be sent to the Minister of Portugall, bee translated into Latin; and the English copie to bee signed by Mr. Frost, and sent unto him.

"1651. May 16. Ordered, that Mr. Milton doe repaire to the Publique Minister of Portugall, and desire of him, from the Councell, a lyst of the names of such persons as hee desires to carrie with him as his retinue, that the same may bee affixed to his passe.