No. 97.-Bvt. Brig. Gen. Alfred L. Pearson, One hundred and fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations February 5–7. No. 98. Capt. George R. Abbott, First Battalion Maine Sharpshooters, of operations March 25. No. 99.-Lieut. Col. Walter G. Morrill, Twentieth Maine Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 100.-Lieut. Col. James A. Cunningham, Thirty-second Massachusetts Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 101. Maj. William O. Colt, Eighty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Sixteenth Michigan Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 102.-Lieut. Col. Chauncey P. Rogers, Eighty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 103.-Lieut. Col. Eli G. Sellers, Ninety-first Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 104.-Bvt. Lieut. Col. Henry O'Neill, One hundred and eighteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations February 5-7 and March 25. No. 105.-Bvt. Maj. Gen. Romeyn B. Ayres, U. S. Army, commanding Second Division, of operations February 5-7. No. 106.-Bvt. Brig. Gen. Frederick Winthrop, Fifth New York Veteran Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations February 5–7. No. 107.-Col. Richard N. Bowerman, Fourth Maryland Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations February 5-7. No. 108.-Bvt. Brig. Gen. James Gwyn, One hundred and eighteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations February 5-7. No. 109.—Bvt. Brig. Gen. Henry A. Morrow, Twenty-fourth Michigan Infantry, commanding Third Brigade. Third Division, of operations February 5-6. No. 110.-Col. Thomas F. McCoy, One hundred and seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations February 6–9. No. 111.-Capt. Aaron Bright, jr., Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations February 5-10. No. 112.-Col. Thomas F. McCoy, One hundred and seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations February 5–6. No. 113.-Maj. Henry J. Sheafer, One hundred and seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations February 6-9. No. 114.-Lieut. Col. Horatio N. Warren, One hundred and forty-second Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations February 5-10. No. 115.-Bvt. Licut. Col. Robert H. Fitzhugh, First New York Light Artillery, commanding Artillery Brigade, of operations February 5-7. No. 116.-Bvt. Maj. Gen. Frank Wheaton, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, Sixth Army Corps, of operations February 5-8. No. 117.-Bvt. Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Hamblin, Sixty-fifth New York Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 118.—Col. Oliver Edwards, Thirty-seventh Massachusetts Infantry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 119.-Col. James M. Warner, First Vermont Heavy Artillery, commanding First Brigade, Second Division, of operations March 25. No. 120.-Lieut. Col. John G. Parr, One hundred and thirty-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 121.-Lieut. Col. Amasa S. Tracy, Second Vermont Infantry, Second Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 122. Lieut. Col. Horace W. Floyd, Third Vermont Infantry, commanding Third and Fourth Vermont Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 123.-Lieut. Col. Ronald A. Kennedy, Fifth Vermont Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 124.-Lieut. Col. Sumner H. Lincoln, Sixth Vermont Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 125.-Lieut. Col. Charles Hunsdon, First Vermont Heavy Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 126.-Lieut. Col. George B. Damon, Tenth Vermont Infantry, First Brigade, Third Division, of operations March 25. No. 127.-Bvt. Brig. Gen. J. Warren Keifer, One hundred and tenth Ohio Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 128.-Lieut. Col. Joseph C. Hill, Sixth Maryland Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 129.-Lieut. Col. James W. Snyder, Ninth New York Heavy Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 130.-Bvt. Col. Otho H. Binkley, One hundred and tenth Ohio Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 131.-Lieut. Col. Charles M. Cornyn, One hundred and twenty-second Ohio Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 132.-Lieut. Col. Thomas W. McKinnie, One hundred and twenty-sixth Ohio Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 133.—Maj. William G. Williams, One hundred and twenty-sixth Ohio Infantry, commanding Sixty-seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 134.—Maj. Gen. John G. Parke, U. S. Army, commanding Ninth Army Corps, of operations February 5-7 and March 25. No. 135.-Asst. Surg. Samuel Adams, U. S. Army, Medical Inspector, of operations March 1-31. No. 136.-Bvt. Maj. Gen. Orlando B. Willcox, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of operations March 25. No. 137.-Bvt. Col. Ralph Ely, Eighth Michigan Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 138. Capt. Ira L. Evans, First Michigan Sharpshooters, of operations March 25. No. 139.-Capt. John C. Boughton, Second Michigan Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 140.—Capt. Albert A. Day, Twentieth Michigan Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 1f1.-Lieut. Col. Adolph Becker, Forty-sixth New York Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 142.-Lieut. Col. Martin P. Avery, Sixtieth Ohio Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 144.-Bvt. Brig. Gen. Napoleon B. McLaughlen, Fifty-seventh Massachusetts No. 146. Capt. Joseph F. Carter, Third Maryland Infantry, of operations March 25. March 25. No. 149.-Lieut Col. Julius M. Tucker, Fifty-seventh Massachusetts Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 150.-Maj. Ezra P. Gould, Fifty-ninth Massachusetts Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 151.-Maj. George M. Randall, Fourteenth New York Heavy Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 152.-Maj. Norman J. Maxwell, One hundredth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 153. Maj. Thomas Mathews, Seventeenth Michigan Infantry (Engineers), of operations March 25. No. 154.-Bvt. Maj. Gen. John F. Hartranft, U. S. Army, commanding Third Division, of operations February 5-10 and March 25. No. 155.-Col. Charles W. Diven, Two hundredth Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding First Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 156.-Lieut. Col. William H. H. McCall, Two hundredth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 157.-Lieut. Col. Mish T. Heintzelman, Two hundred and eighth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 158.-Lieut. Col. George W. Frederick, Two hundred and ninth Pennsylvania Infantry, of operations March 25. No. 159.-Col. Joseph A. Mathews, Two hundred and fifth Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Second Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 160.-Bvt. Brig. Gen. John C. Tidball, Fourth New York Heavy Artillery, commanding Artillery Brigade, of operations March 25. No. 161.-Maj. Theodore Miller, First Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Inspector of Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 162.-Capt. Adelbert B. Twitchell, Seventh Battery Maine Light Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 163.-Capt. Edward J. Jones, Eleventh Battery Massachusetts Light Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 164.-Capt. Edward W. Rogers, Nineteenth Battery New York Light Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 165.-Capt. John B. Eaton, Twenty-seventh Battery New York Light Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 166.-Bvt. Maj. Jacob Roemer, Thirty-fourth Battery New York Light Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 167.-Capt. John R. Cooper, Eighth New York Heavy Artillery, commanding Battery No. 15, of operations March 25. No. 168.-Capt. Samuel H. Rhoads, Battery D, Pennsylvania Light Artillery, of operations March 25. No. 169.-Bvt. Brig. Gen. J. Irvin Gregg, Sixteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, com- No. 171.-Col. Samuel B. M. Young, Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry, of operations No. 172.-Lieut. Col. William A. Corrie, Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry, of operations February 5-7. No. 173.-Lieut. Col. John K. Robison, Sixteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, of operations February 5-7. No. 174. Col. Oliver B. Knowles, Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry, commanding Third Brigade, of operations February 5-7. No. 175.-Col. Andrew W. Evans, First Maryland Cavalry, commanding Third Brigade, Cavalry Division, Army of the James, of operations January 30. No. 176.-Bvt. Maj. Peter S. Michie, U. S. Army, Chief Engineer, Department of Virginia, of operations February 4-March 18. No. 177.-Lieut. William R. King, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, Acting Chief Engineer, of operations January 1-31. No. 178.-Medals of Honor awarded for distinguished services under Resolution of Congress, No. 43, approved July 12, 1862, and section 6 of Act of Congress approved March 3, 1863. No. 179.-General Robert E. Lee, C. S. Army, commanding Army of Northern Virginia, of operations February 5-8 and March 25. No. 180.-Abstract from returns of the Army of Northern Virginia. No. 181.-Maj. Gen. John B. Gordon, C. S. Army, commanding Second Army Corps, of operations February 6 and March 25. No. 182.-Col. William R. Peck, Louisiana Brigade, of operations February 5-7. No. 1. Report of Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, U. S. Army, commanding Armies of the United States, including operations March, 1864-May, 1865. HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, D. C., July 22, 1865. SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the armies of the United States from the date of my appointment to command the same: From an early period in the rebellion I had been impressed with the idea that active and continuous operations of all the troops that could be brought into the field, regardless of season and weather, were necessary to a speedy termination of the war. The resources of the enemy and his numerical strength were far inferior to ours, but as an offset to this we had a vast territory, with a population hostile to the Government, to garrison, and long lines of river and railroad communications to protect, to enable us to supply the operating armies. The armies in the East and West acted independently and without concert, like a balky team, no two ever pulling together, enabling the enemy to use to great advantage his interior lines of communication for transporting troops from east to west, re-enforcing the army most vigorously pressed, and to furlough large numbers, during seasons of inactivity on our part, to go to their homes and do the work of produ cing for the support of their armies. It was a question whether our numerical strength and resources were not more than balanced by these disadvantages and the enemy's superior position. From the first I was firm in the conviction that no peace could be had that would be stable and conducive to the happiness of the people, both North and South, until the military power of the rebellion was entirely broken. I therefore determined, first, to use the greatest number of troops practicable against the armed force of the enemy, preventing him from using the same force at different seasons against first one and then another of our armies, and the possibility of repose for refitting and producing necessary supplies for carrying on resistance; second, to hammer continuously against the armed force of the enemy and his resources until, by mere attrition, if in no other way, there should be nothing left to him but an equal submission with the loyal section of our common country to the constitution and laws of the land. These views have been kept constantly in mind, and orders given and campaigns made to carry them out. Whether they might have been better in conception and execution is for the people, who mourn the loss of friends fallen, and who have to pay the pecuniary cost, to say. All I can say is, that what I have done has been done conscientiously, to the best of my ability, and in what I conceived to be for the best interests of the whole country. At the date when this report begins the situation of the contending forces was about as follows: The Mississippi River was strongly garrisoned by Federal troops from Saint Louis, Mo., to its mouth. The line of the Arkansas was also held, thus giving us armed possession of all west of the Mississippi, north of that stream. A few points in Southern Louisiana, not remote from the river, were held by us, together with a small garrison at and near the mouth of the Rio Grande. All the balance of the vast territory of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas was in the almost undisputed possession of the enemy, with an army of probably not less than 80,000 effective men that could have been brought into the field had there been sufficient opposition to have brought them out. The let-alone policy had demoralized this force, so that probably but little more than one-half of it was ever present in garrison at any one time. But the one-half, or 40,000 men, with the bands of guerrillas scattered through Missouri, Arkansas, and along the Mississippi River, and the disloyal character of much of the popu lation, compelled the use of a large number of troops to keep navigation open on the river and to protect the loyal people to the west of it. To the east of the Mississippi we held substantially with the line of the Tennessee and Holston Rivers, running eastward to include nearly all of the State of Tennessee. South of Chattanooga a small foothold had been obtained in Georgia, sufficient to protect East Tennessee from incursions from the enemy's force at Dalton, Ga. West Virginia was substantially within our lines. Virginia, with the exception of the northern border, the Potomac River, a small area about the mouth of James River covered by the troops at Norfolk and Fort Monroe, and the territory covered by the Army of the Potomac lying along the Rapidan, was in the possession of the enemy. Along the sea-coast footholds had been obtained at Plymouth, Washington, and New Berne, in North Carolina; Beaufort, Folly and Morris Islands, Hilton Head, Fort Pulaski, and Port Royal, in South Carolina; Fernandina and Saint Augustine, in Florida. Key West and Pensacola were also in our possession, while all the important ports were blockaded by the Navy. The accompanying map, a copy of which was sent to General Sherman and other commanders in March, 1864, shows by red lines the territory occupied by us at the beginning of the rebellion and at the opening of the campaign of 1864, while those in blue are the lines which it was proposed to occupy. * Behind the Union lines there were many bands of guerrillas and a large population disloyal to the Government, making it necessary to guard every foot of road or river used in supplying our armies. In *The map referred to is Colton's New Guide Map of the United States and Canada, edition of 1863, and is marked in pencil as follows: First. Red line along the Potomac, from its mouth to Williamsport; thence along Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Oakland; thence, via Elizabethtown, to Ceredo, Versailles, and Brandenburg, and along the Ohio River to Cairo; thence up the Mississippi to vicinity of Saint Louis, up the Missouri to the Kansas line, and thence in southwesterly direction into Indian Territory. Second. Red line along the Rappahannock, from its mouth to Rappahannock Station; thence, via Madison Court-House and Manassas Gap, to Winchester; thence southwest to the headwaters of the Guyandotte, and along the Cumberland Mountains to vicinity of the Tennessee line; thence south to the Smoky Mountains; thence through Tunnel Hill, Guntersville, and Corinth, to Oxford, Miss., and thence along the railroad to Lake Ponchartrain and along the Gulf shore to Pascagoula. Third. Red line from Vermillion Bay to Bayou Bartholomew, in Drew County, Ark., and thence northwesterly into Indian Territory. Fourth. Red line about Pensacola and along Santa Rosa Island. Seventh. Red line from Federal Point, along the coast, to New River Inlet, N. C.; thence, via Pollocksville, Washington, Plymouth, and Suffolk, to Saluda, Va., and thence, via Gloucester Court-House, to the Chesapeake Bay. Eighth. Blue line from Saluda, Va., via Richmond and the James River, to Lynchburg; thence, via Liberty, to the Blue Ridge, and along there and the Smoky Mountains to connect with red line No. 2. Ninth. Blue line from New Berne to Raleigh, N. C. Tenth. Blue line from Tunnel Hill to Atlanta, Ga. Eleventh. Blue line from Atlanta, via Milledgeville, to Savannah. Twelfth. Blue line from Atlanta, via Montgomery and Selma, to Mobile. Thirteenth. Blue line from Sabine Pass to Shreveport, La., and thence northwesterly into the Indian Territory. |