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same title, by Dr. Ritter, professor at Breslau: Handbuch der Kirchenges. Manual of Church History. 2d edition.

Geschichtliche Darstellung des Verhältnisses zwischen Kirche und Staat. Historical Exposition of the Relations between Church and State, from the foundation of Christianity to the latest times. By Prof. C. Rieffel. Vol. I, large 8vo. reaching to Justinian I. Mayence. An excellent work, and written in a very sound spirit.

Pragmatische Geschichte der deutschen National, Provinzial, und vorzüglichsten Diocesanconcilien. History of the German national, provincial, and most important Diocesan Synods. By Dr. A. J. Binterim. Large 8vo. Mayence. Several volumes of this most important work have appeared, and add much to the great reputation their author already enjoyed, as a Christian antiquarian. The second volume brings down the collection only to the middle of the ninth century.

Die Christliche Moral. Christian Morality. By Dr. John Bat. Kirscher, an eminent professor of Tübingen. 2nd edit. Tübing.

Katholische-speculative Theologie. Vol. I.-A new and masterly defence of the Christian and Catholic religion, by the celebrated Dr. Brenner, in which he retracts some earlier inaccurate opinions.

Geschichte der Regierung Ferdinand des Ersten. History of the Reign of Ferdinand I. Compiled from edited and inedited sources, by F. B. Von Racholtz. Vol. VII. Vienna. The author of this celebrated and important work has had access to all the repositories of public documents in Austria. It is eminently a Catholic work, and deserves a fuller attention than this place allows.

An excellent pamphlet, proving the necessity of a visible church, has been published, under the title of Leib der Göttlichen Offenbarung. The body of Divine Revelation. We may also notice, that a powerful reply has appeared, at Mayence, to attacks made by Marheincke and Nitrah, upon Mühler's Symbolik.

MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE.

Europe.

AUSTRIAN DOMINIONS.-A legacy of about £41,000 sterling has been left for the foundation of a college at Verona, to be placed under the direction of the members of the Society of Jesus. The Austrian government has consented to this application of the bequest, and the college will soon be opened. The son of Prince Canosa, and another young nobleman of the same city, have lately entered the noviciate of the order in Rome.

The inhabitants of Milan are actively employed in raising funds for a new cathedral, in honour of their holy patron, St. Charles Borromeo. The plan of Professor Charles Amati has been selected; and the

cathedral is to occupy the site of the present Church of St. Mary of the Servites, which is dedicated to St. Charles. The city has undertaken

to pay the expenses of demolishing the present church, of clearing the ground, and erecting the monument, and has, further, subscribed the sum of £12,500 towards the new building. It is expected that the work will commence next year at latest. The other expenses will be defrayed by the parochial administration of the old church, and by a subscription which was opened in the spring of this year.

A few months ago, M. Lezi, curate of St. Mary's in the above city, established an asylum for the infirm in his parish. His example was imitated by other parishes, and by the assistance of the authorities, four hospitals have been founded. The last of them was opened on the 30th of April, under the patronage of St. Charles Borromeo.

The Catholic papers mention two conversions during the last year at Vienna. Louis d'Or, a native of Berlin, and formerly professor in the Royal Academy of Saxony, and Dr. G. C. Bunger, one of the most famous Protestant preachers, formerly of Dresden, and lately of Bautzen, made their profession of faith in the hands of Cardinal Ostini, Nuncio at Vienna, during the course of the year.

The Swabian Mercury has the following: "The Brothers of Mercy have established in the whole Austrian Dominions twenty-nine hospitals for the sick. It is calculated that during six years one hundred thousand sick have entered them; and amongst these many Jews and persons not of the Catholic faith, or even of the Austrian nation."

HUNGARY.-The new cathedral at Erlaw has lately been opened. It is three hundred feet in length, and one hundred and sixty-eight in breadth at the transept. The front consists of eight large columns, surmounted by three colossal statues of the three virtues. In the interior are forty-two pilasters and thirty-six columns, all of marble, and the pavement is one entire beautiful mosaic. The building of this cathedral was determined on, when the cholera appeared in 1831, and it has been completed in six years.

In the whole kingdom of Hungary, of an extent of 6,000 square miles, no lunatic asylum existed until lately. This important work has been undertaken by Count Paul de Nadasdy, bishop of Waitzen. He purchased for the sum of nearly £6,000 the old military academy, and made it over to the province to which he belongs, to be converted into an extensive lunatic asylum. In addition, he assigned a large annual revenue for its support; and one of the Chapter, the Canon Gasparik, has given about £600 for the same purpose.

CROATIA.-Monsig. Alexander d'Algovich, Bishop of Agram, lately gave a sum of 60,000 florins for the establishment of an orphan house in the city of Posega. We have now to announce the death of this venerable prelate. He was born in 1760, and on account of his great services to the Church and his country, was nominated bishop in 1830. On the 18th of March, he was found with his breviary in his hand, having died suddenly of apoplexy. As he died intestate, onethird of his property will go to the government, another to the poor, and another to his heirs-at-law.

VENICE. The last Doge of Venice, Manini, left a legacy of 110,000 ducats for the foundation of a school and asylum for destitute children, who were to be instructed in different trades. This money could not be applied, on account of the various political changes in that city; but by the exertions of the Cardinal Patriarch, the good work has at length been realised. The children are clothed, fed, and instructed, both in their trades and, above all, in religion, and frequent examinations keep up their emulation, while their morals are closely guarded. From the same bequest, a similar institution for young girls has been formed.

BAVARIA. A royal order has lately been published at Munich, commanding that all carriages shall stop on meeting the processions with the Viaticum. The order has been communicated to the officers of the household, with the understanding that it is to extend to royal carriages, even when conveying the members of the royal family; and to the foreign ambassadors, to be by them made known to foreigners visiting that city.

The church of All Saints, at Munich, is almost completed. The entire ceiling, and a great portion of the walls, have been painted in fresco, by Henry Hess. All agree in describing his performance as a master-piece, both of sentiment and execution. It is in the style of the early masters, enriched with gilding, in addition to the brightest colouring. The principal paintings have been engraved on stone by the skilful hand of Schreiner. The church of St. Lewis (Ludwigskirche) is so far advanced, that the celebrated Cornelius has begun his magnificent frescos, representative of the articles of the creed. (See above, vol. i. p. 457.) In the course of last summer, he finished the upper portion of his Last Judgment. At the same time, under his direction, the Evangelists and Fathers of the Church were painted on the ceiling of the transept. The church of the Blessed Virgin (Die Maria-HülfKirche), in the suburb of Du, in the same city, draws near its completion. It is entirely in the old German style, the entrance being through a tower at the front. Its interior decoration chiefly consists of the splendid painted windows presented by the king. The designs are chiefly by Hess, and the execution, which rivals in splendour the finest performances of ancient times, has been conducted on a process perfectly new. The Basilica of St. Boniface is a perfect copy of the ancient Roman Basilicas, and is rapidly rising from its foundations. The apsis is nearly finished. The church will be a parish church, and one of the noblest among the splendid erections of the present king. It is divided into five aisles, like the churches of St. Paul and St. John Lateran in Rome. The columns are sixty-six in number, each of one block, and the expense of each is calculated at four thousand dollars. The entire expense of this church will be defrayed from the king's private purse. Above the columns will be painted a series of pictures representing the propagation of Christianity. The artist selected for this work is Henry Hess.

The Sisters of Charity, who have been established five years at Munich, have been lately taken under the king's special protection. His Majesty has secured to them a grant of public money towards the

erection of a new house, to supply any deficiency in the public subscription which has been opened for them. By a minute account, which has been published, it appears that in the hospital of Munich, a saving of 12,000 florins (about £1200) has been effected by their administration in one year. In one department of the establishment, in which twenty patients were kept at an expense of 7,000 florins, between thirty and forty can now be supported at one-third of the

expense.

At the repeated instances of the inhabitants of Tüssen, the king has restored the Franciscan convent in their city. On the 29th of April, a solemn festival was celebrated for this purpose, which was attended by the magistracy, the public officers, and the most respectable inhabitants of the town and neighbourhood, in which public thanksgivings were offered up for an event considered by all a public benefit.

A commission has just been appointed at Munich to provide for the introduction of uniformity in classical works all over the kingdom. The Bishop of Augsburg, Mgr. de Richarz, is president, and the other members consist of the directors of the Catholic and Protestant colleges of Munich and Augsburg, and the members of the supreme council of ecclesiastical affairs and public instruction of both communions. Its first sitting was held on the 28th of March. The advantages of the measure are said to be very considerable, and it is hoped that the plan will work well.

RUSSIA. Towards the beginning of this year, an Imperial Ukase was published, by which all Catholic natives of the Western-Provinces of Poland are excluded from all offices in the ministry, or in the higher departmentss of government, unless they have first served five years in Russia. Only such Poles as profess, or shall embrace, the RussoGreek schism can enjoy equality of rights with the other subjects of the empire.

The Emperor of Russia has subscribed for a hundred copies of the German translation of the Talmud, which is to be published at Berlin by Dr. Pinner. The Emperor has allowed the work to be dedicated to him. It is to embrace the whole of the Talmud, in the original text of Jerusalem and Babylon, and will extend to twenty-eight volumes in folio. Dr. Pinner has spent five years in visiting Germany, England, France, Italy, Turkey, and Russia; and it is expected that his work will contain his observations on the moral and political situation of the Jews in those countries, as this has been an especial object of his attention and study.

PRUSSIA. The provincial States of Westphalia (the Landtag) have, within these few months, again voted an unanimous address to the king, entreating the abolition of the law which we have before had occasion to mention (vol. ii. p. 180), whereby Catholic soldiers are obliged to attend Protestant service (the Kirchenparaden.) "The whole country," says our account, "nobility, burgesses, and peasants, desire an end to be put to an obligation, which places our children's conduct upon the rack."

Bonn.-Professor Braun, of this university, and Dr. Elvenich, have proceeded to Rome, to advocate the orthodoxy of the late professor Dr. Hermes. As, however, the question respecting the Hermesian system of theology is at this moment agitating the whole of Catholic Germany, we shall take a future opportunity, when it shall have been more fully considered at Rome, to enter into it at length.

BELGIUM.-The continuators of the Bollandists are appointed. They are the Reverend Fathers L. Boone, J. Van der Moeren, and Coppens: they are assisted by several young disciples.

HOLLAND.--We are in hopes, before long, to present our readers with a detailed and interesting account of the state of religion in this country. And we have no doubt that every Catholic will be consoled and edified by the narrative. At present we will only mention two or three circumstances. The Catholics of Ysendyk, in Zealand, have received from the government a grant of 15,000 florins, towards building a new church, which is to cost 40,000. Considerable sums have been subscribed in Ghent and other towns. The very ancient church of Our Lady at Maestricht, which has long been used as a military depôt, has been restored to the Catholics, to replace that of St. Nicholas, which will be demolished at the expense of the city; and the Catholics will reimburse the expenses already disbursed for the repairs of their new church by the military commission. All parties agree in praising the conduct of the government in this transaction: many Protestants have contributed towards liquidating the expense incurred by the Catholics.

SWEDEN.-We wish our limits allowed us to give at length the beautiful and moving letter published by the German religious journals, from the Vicar Apostolic Studach at Stockholm, to one of the editors of the excellent Religionsfreund, of Würtzburg. In it he gives an account of the outward completion of his new church, the first built in that city, and appeals to the charity of his brethren for the necessary funds; as after 20,000 florins have been laid out upon it, there is still a debt of 4,000. Besides the vicar, there are only two other clergy, one who shares with him the parochial duty, while the other takes care of a considerable orphan establishment.

ROME.-With the deepest regret, we announce the death of his Eminence Cardinal Weld. This melancholy event took place at Rome, about half-past one on the afternoon of Monday, April the 10th. Until within a few days before his death, no alarming symptoms appeared, and every hope was entertained of his recovery. But his complaint, unexpectedly, took a serious turn, and earthly hope was soon rendered unavailing. His relatives gathered round his bed-side, and his last act of consciousness was to give his blessing to those to whom he had ever been so tenderly attached. His calm and peaceful death formed a fitting close to a life spent in charity and good will towards all. When the news of his death was announced, Rome was filled with sorrow. The poor whom he had relieved, the orphans whom he had cherished, the communities over which he had watched, and the rich by whom he had been honoured, crowded to his funeral. His brother

VOL. III.-NO. V.

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