with the conveniencies of life, cigs, who was an agent, or su

which improves their condition while it secures their attachment. (P. 800.)

:

perintendant of Indian affairs, relative to the improvements of the Cherokee nation through the asBut upon looking into the laws sistance of the government, in of the United States, I find one which he states that all their imrelative to trade with Indians, provement had taken place since &c. passed 19 May, 1796, which 1794, when there was not a pair states that in order to promote of cards, a spinning-wheel, a civilization among the friendly loom, or a mechanic in their tribes, and to secure the continu nation that they had then ance of their friendship, it shall (Jan. 1806) above 1000 spinbe lawful for the President of the ning-wheels, and upwards of 100 United States, to cause them to looms, that they raise the cotton be furnished with useful domestic and indigo, spin and dye the animals, and implements of in- yarn, and weave it into handsome dustry, and with goods or money cloth, with which they clothe as he shall think proper, and to their families like the white peos appoint such persons from time ple: that among them are silver. to time as temporary agents to smiths, blacksmiths, coopers, sadreside among the Indians as he lers, tanners, shoemakers, and shall think fit: provided that the wheelwrights: that these mechawhole amount of such presents nics are principally self-taught, and allowance to such agents shall part of their tools are furnished by not exceed 15,000 dollars a year, the United States and part by equal to 33751. sterling; which themselves: that the plough and law has been continued in force hoe are in common use among to the present time, if it has not been enlarged and improved.

Having now stated the law, it comes next to be considered what has taken place under it. This I am unable to state so fully as I could wish, because the government has not to my knowledge, published any reports of their proceedings as the Quakers have done: various reports have been made to Congress at the different meetings of that body, of the progress and of the application of the money; short accounts of some of these have been stated in some of the American newspapers, but I have not seen any of them in the English ones. To assist in this part of the inquiry I would refer to a letter, inserted in the Mon. Mag. for June, 1806, of R. J.

them: that by the assistance of the whites they make saltpetre and gunpowder; that there are several gristmills and one sawmill: that they have large stocks of black cattle, horses, and other domestic animals, and make some, butter and cheese of a good quality :' that since agriculture and the domestic arts have become the principal objects of pursuit, their popula tion has evidently increased: that there were then seven schools in their country where more than 100 children are taught reading, writing, and some arithmetic. I

In the course of one of my journies in the United States in 1802, I met with a committee of three Quakers going from the Quakers in Philadelphia on this errand, to visit the Miamis and

Delaware Indians; and I under- speech, to a committee, who reports thereon to the house: but as I am not in possession of the Journals of the house, I cannot state what reports were made from 1791 to 1796.

stood from them that the Quakers had had a legacy left them of the sum of 50001. to be applied towards civilizing the Indians, and that contributions had been made among them to extend and increase this useful work.

With this view of the subject, I think the writer in the Monthly I believe that the conduct of Repository, vol. iii, p. 287 is an the United States in this matter der a mistake, in saying, that the is independent of the Quakers, government has granted an aid and that it was contemplated by for this purpose, which it has Congress before they began to do committed to the same benevolent any thing therein, for we see society, which has so judiciously Washington recommended it to led the way in this interesting their attention as far back as work. 1791; and it is usual to refer every part of the President's

I remain your well-wisher,
JOSHUA BROOKES.

་ ལ

GOGMAGOG ON THE CLERGY, HIMSELF, AND THE PRESS.

66

To the Editor of the Monthly Repository.

SIR, London, Sept. 3, 1808. say with all due respect,) have ne I think it a duty to make my ver seen that the true way to earliest acknowledgments to your gain the sway over men's minds correspondent Mr. Wright, for is to treat them with kindness: his information concerning the however, for my part, I owe reported horrid clerical farce," them (as far as I have known and particularly for the obliging them,) thanks for their haughti manner in which it is communi- ness and tyranny, for had I excated. It is the habit of my perienced from them candour and country to feel grateful for fa- condescension I should have been Nours as well as to resist injuries. melted into obsequiousness, and And favours are to me doubly should probably have been priestvaluable at the hands of an order ridden, the whole of my days. of men (to which I presume Mr. I was much amused with the Wright belongs) whose sacred func- remarks made by my acquainttion commonly elevates them ances on my last letter, few of above a regard to the homely them having any suspicion of my duties of civility and courtesy. being the author, for I have made I have often wondered that the all my friends readers of your clergy, and especially the dissent. Repository, and some who at first ing clergy (as I, a layman, must thought it a heavy work are now

I have before confessed myself a Cambro-Briton.

494

Gogmagog on the Clergy, Himself, and the Press.

so interested in it that the leisure lection that for nearly the years hours of the first Sunday in the of a man's age, I had been brandmonth are devoted by a knot of ed as a sceptic. "But what,” them to its perusal. One was said I, "is the state of the Briaffected with pity for poor Faulk- tish press, if a story so minutely ner; another with indignation and circumstantially told, the at the cruelty of our penal laws; scenes and actors in which are at a third with horror of the strata- so small a distance from the megem ascribed to the clergymen; tropolis, which is copied too into whilst a fourth blamed Gogma- an Annual Register, which will gog's severity, which was thought be carefully placed in libraries, to be disproportioned to the occa. and preserved as long as the Ension; and a fifth laughed at his glish language is read-if such a credulity, declaring his convic- story cannot under such circumtion that "the old man had been stances be believed?”—I raised my made to fume (such was his ex- voice as I uttered these last words, pression in my hearing) by a mere which had so much effect upon stop-gap newspaper paragraph." my friend that if he was not con1 felt sympathetically, with the vinced, he was (which might be former class of my friends; and as well) silent. When I next reasoned as coolly as I could meet him I expect he will triumph (and I can sometimes affect cool. unmercifully; since, according ness, by which I have been told to Mr. Wright, the whole story I have been considered as insult. of the Clerical Farce is a fabricaing an opponent, holding a tion. I must be in my turn silent; manifestly bad argument,) with and I begin to think, if such be the the latter. I vindicated the matter out of which books are asperity of our unknown author's made, that I may wisely leave off style by shewing that the story, to read as well as to talk. The if true, was enough to irritate fallaciousness of the press is a and vex a mind of sensibility; lamentable circumstance; the and by conjecturing (in which I springs from which the public find myself right) that an impas. mind draws knowledge, are poi sioned and perhaps somewhat in. soned at their source. I know temperate letter would be most but of one antidote, and with likely to draw forth an explana. that, sir, you have kindly supplied, tion from Wisbeach, the honour us: I mean a liberal, impartial, of which seemed, after such a and fearless periodical publica.. communication, concerned in de- tion, in which the errors and fol-1 nying the story if possible, or at lies, the misrepresentations and least in softening it by proper ex. calumnies of our journals may, planation. In the present pam- be registered, and preserved for the, pered state of the public mind a use of posterity, in a commodious writer is not likely to be relished and permanent REPOSITORY. if he does not make a free use of the seasoning of acrimony. The charge of credulity I was not anxious to repel: when it was pronounced, I smiled at the recol

I remain, Sir, with a properi sense of Mr. Wright's civility, sof your indulgence, and of yourf readers' patience,

GOGMAGOG.

BIBLICAL CRITICISM.

NOTES ON MATTHEW XXVI. 28; OR, THE EUCHARISTIC RITUAL.

SIR,

To the Editor of the Monthly Repository.

June 16, 1808. version ascribes to them, as I If the following notes on Mat. will endeavour to shew in the sethew xxvi. 28, should be found suitable to the plan of your Repository, please to insert them in one of your early numbers.

I remain, very respectfully,
Your's, &c.

P. K.

quel.] The expanded version as just now given, may perhaps be allowed the merit of grammatical accuracy, provided the introduced supplements are perfectly legiti mate and proper. But gramma, tical accuracy doth not always On comparing the words of express the precise and literal Matthew xxvi. 28, with their truth: it any passage or sentence Greek original, as they stand in in a discourse, or an act of parWetstein's Greek Testament, eve. liament, should happen to conry one of the three clauses ap- tain a figurative term or phrase, peared to my mind to be remark. the plain meaning or the correct ably elliptical or abbreviated. and true sentiment of that passage After a little attention, I imagined or clause can only be ascertained, that the requisite omissions might with perfect fulness and accuracy, be easily supplied, both in English by expunging the figure, and fill. and Greek. Leaving the latter ing up its place with the plain to be performed by those that and literal term appropriately are learned in the Greek language, corresponding or belonging to that I attempted to introduce every figure. In the eucharistic records requisite supplement in my own or histories, the terms or words vernacular tongue. What I did, body and blood are incre metaappeared very satisfactory to my phors or figures: they are allowed own judgment, and I now beg to to be so by the best Protestant submit the same to the candid (yea by the Unitarian Protestant) inspection of your readers, in divines and expositors, at least the following terms-" Matthew while they are levelling their are xxvi. 28. This cup [meaning no guments against the Roman Ca doubt the wine or liquor in the tholics. Hence then ariseth a cup] is my blood, this cup is my necessity of something more than blood of the new covenant, this inere grammatical accuracy in cup is my blood shed &c." [Here the translation of Matthew xxvi. I stop, or cease to express the 28; the plain and literal sense, latter words of the verse, because, and precise truth must be ascer I conceive they require a con- tained; and in the present case, struction and meaning very differ. I conceive this plain and sentient from that which our English mental correctness may be ex

pressed in the following manner, By a careful review of the viz. "This cup is my cup," abuses of the eucharistic doc. this "cup is my cup" of the new trine, that have crept into the covenant, this " cup is my cup" Christian church in different ages, shed, &c. [shed in preference to the sole or chief cause of the many sin-offerings for remission.] principle ones, might perhaps be To see the word cup repeated so pretty accurately traced: for have often, in a single and very short they not arisen, chiefly at least, sentence, will probably excite a from the practice of assigning li smile on the countenance of scof- teral significations to terms confers or fastidious critics; but I fessedly figurative? The body and have learnt to call nothing low blood of the eucharistic histories, or mean and contemptible, that though occasionally allowed by serves only in the minutest degree protestant expositors to be mere to ascertain the true meaning of metaphors or figurative allusions, holy scripture. Humble as the are generally said to denote the department of verbal criticism is, real body and blood (or, still more it is not perhaps altogether useless mystically the actual sufferings and unimportant; especially when and death) of Jesus Christ. Hence it is considered that most or all in the Roman Catholic system, of the eucharistic errors and the literal or natural bread and abuses have probably resulted wine are said to be transmuted from merely verbal mistakes, or into the real body and blood of the want of due discrimination Christ; and the Protestants, folbetween figures and plain or li- lowing Luther and approximating teral terms. To justify the trans as nearly as possible to the Catholation of the latter words of the lie doctrine, account that same verse, which we are now consi- bread and wine to be the repre dering, the following principles sentatives of Christ's real body are offered. "In preference to" and blood: that is to say, both is applied to the Greek preposi- the Catholics and Protestants use tion (TE), on the authority of the terms body and blood (which Homer; (TAA), by reason of were indisputably intended to its propinquity and all its gram- be nothing but metaphorical ap matical accidents, seems to be pellations of the bread and wine) fairly applicable to (Apapiwy); as terms of plain and literal sigand this latter term is rendered nification; the Catholics resting "sin-offerings," because (as Eras- their expositions with apparent mus observes) this same word, in consistency, on the literal sense its singular number, must be of Christ's words, and the Protaken in this sense, in 2 Cor. testants, upon the adoption of a v. 21". comment harsh and groundless,

The scriptural signification of remission is two-fold, denoting both a release or deliverance from ceremonial, idolatrous and false worship, and, sending back, or a restoration to that which is simple, pure, true and spiritual. Both these significations seem to be comprised in this eucharistic term. Thus restricted to pure and spiritual worship, the word, in this place at least, is completely detached from every sort of reference to the doctrine of eternal salvation through the blood of Christ alone.