1 See Kühner, Gr.

326, sq.

-elov ovv-" they said therefore," A. V.; "so

—ἐν κρύπτῳ ἐλάλησα οὐδέν—“ in secret have I said
nothing," A. V.; "in secret spake I nothing," they said," R. V.-better.

R. V.-better.

Ver. 21.

—tí éλáλŋoa—“ what I have said," A. V.; "what

I spake," R. V.-better.

-OUTO-" they," A. V.; "these," R. V.
οὗτοι

-μn xai où el-"art not thou," A. V.; "art thou," R. V.-See ver. 17.

Ver. 26.

—συγγενὴς ἂν οὗ being his kinsman whose,”

Here A. V. seems right, unless these,' R. V., be A. V.; "being a kinsman of him whose," R. V.—
made to refer to those that were present, i.e. to Roman better.1
soldiers and the Jewish crowd: for 'these' can scarcely
apply to S.John and S. Peter. Ouros, however, is often
said in Greek, not of the nearest at hand only, but of

'

Vv. 28, 33.

—Eis tò πρaitάgiov" unto the hall of judgment," or "Pilate's house," A. V.; "unto the palace of

All these renderings are good, but R. V. is the best; because it states what the Prætorium was, namely the residence of the chief Roman magistrate. V.; "that they might not be defiled," R. V. —ἵνα μὴ μιανθῶσιν — lest they should be defled,” This last rendering is the more literal of the two;

the last mentioned,1 and may then be rendered this, the governor," R. V. Gr. vol.ü. p. or 'these' only when in English, 'this' or 'these' are not likely from the context to lead to a mistake; otherwise ouros is rendered 'he,' or 'the same,' &c., as e.g. in S. Matt. xviii. 4, xxi. 42, xxiv. 13, xxvi. 23, &c. Here ouro, seems to refer rather to Toùs axn-A. κοότας, τί ἐλάλησα αὐτοῖς· at a period already past, in a place far distant, and themselves absent. So that but A. V. "they know," seems more correct than R. V. "these know." Yet ouro may have been said by our LORD, in order to take the crowd present as witnesses of His teaching.

should not' may be preferable to 'might not.'

Vv. 29, 31, 33.

—oův ó Пixátos-" Pilate then," A. V.; "Pilate therefore," R. V.-better.

-Tagédwxav-"have delivered," A. V.; "delivered," R. V.-Seeing the 1 aor. #agedwxα seems to do for 1 aor. and for the pret. perf. the A. V. may remain; since it refers to an action only just done. R. V. however is the more correct of the two.

fight," R. V.-more correct; for av is included in
'would;' and 'then' is not in the Greek.

Ver. 37.

This βάτος οι άκανθαι bears small round tasteless berries, of the size of a grape; hence, no doubt, our SAVIOUR's allusion to these axavlas when He said, μήτι συλλέγουσιν ἀπὸ ἀκανθῶν σταφυλήν ; and —σὺ λέγεις, ὅτι βασιλεύς εἰμι ἐγώ— Thou sayest when He added ἢ ἀπὸ τριβόλων σῦκα, He also had that I am a king," A. V.; "thou sayest; for I am in view some of the commonest thistles in the a king," R. V.

land, the involucrum of which is exactly the shape
and colour of an inverted fig. This seems to show
that the more correct account of our SAVIOUR'S
words in this latter case is given by S. Matthew,
a native of Palestine, and not by S. Luke.
-Tegießaλov-"they put on," A. V.; "they
περιέβαλον
clothed," R. V.

The Greek may be rendered either way; but
A. V. seems to be the more natural rendering of the
two. The doubt in Pilate's mind was like an ad-
mission of our LORD's kingly character, and as it
were, an ignorant homage to it. But the con-
nexion in Thou sayest; for I am a king,' does not
readily appear. In both these renderings, however,
Περιβάλλειν expresses the wrapping up with ἱμάτιον,
the indef. art. weakens the expression: 'I am king,' isto embrace,' 'to surround, enclose, or envelop,'
a better equivalent for βασιλεύς εἰμι ἐγώ, than I am as e.g. περιβάλλει με σκότος. And in Euripides,2
a king;' one of many, only; whereas, 'I am king'
like, 'I am GOD,' absolutely; i.e. 'King of kings.'

1 See note Here again, yά is lost in the translation.1

on ch. vi. 15, and xix. 21.

2 See note on ch. viii.

42.

Luke vi. 44;

—ἐγὼ εἰς τοῦτο γεγέννημαι to this end was I born," A. V.; "to this end have I been born," R. V. A. V. is preferable to R. V.; but the truth is, no translation can convey the force and meaning of the Greek. I was born' seems more idiomatic than 'I have been born;' yet this is weak by the side of the original, and leaves out y.

—καὶ εἰς τοῦτο ἐλήλυθα—" and for this cause came
I," A. V.; " and to this end am I come," R. V.—
better.2

-iva μaρtugno∞-"that I should bear witness,'
A. V.; "that I may bear witness," R. V.
A. V. seems the more natural of the two.

The axavba of which our Blessed SAVIOUR'S crown was made, were most likely twigs of the Zizyphus commonest βάτος or ἄκανθαι, in Palestine, growing S. Matt. vii, everywhere on waste ground, and ready at hand. The branches are long, slender, and very thorny, though the thorns are far apart; so that it was well suited to the purpose of the Roman soldiers.

16.

Nonnus,3

-πολυποίκιλα φά

ρεα καὶ πλοκάμους περιβαλλομένα
γένυσιν ἐσκίαζον.

καί μιν ἀνεχλαίνωσαν ἐπὶ χροῒ πέπλα βαλόντες,
Σιδονίης στίλβοντα σοφῷ σπινθῆρι θαλάσσης·
The A. V. ' put on' has claims at least as strong as
'clothed,' in the rendering of Tegéßaλov.

Ver. 5.

-ou-" then," A. V.; "therefore," R. V.better.

-xaì λéye—“and Pilate saith," A. V.; “and he saith," R. V.

1 S. Matt.

vii. 16.

-oi ingéτα-" the chief priests and officers,' A. V.; "the chief priests and the officers,” R. V. This is, of course, right; seeing the chief priests were not officers as well.

—λάβετε αὐτὸν ὑμεῖς—“ take ye him,” A. V.; "take him yourselves," R. V.—See ch. xviii. 31.

Ver. 7.

2 Iph.

Taur. 1117.

—viòv TOŨ BEOŨ—"the Son of God," A. V., R. V. The def. art. is not necessarily implied in Greek, and it is not indispensable in English. 'SON of GOD' here is quite enough for the context, when comp. 46. with ch. ix. 36.

31. 8.

4 See note on ch. xii.

1 1. 52.

'Thou shouldest' would give another sense to the -TOUTOY TOY MÓYOU-"this saying," A. V.; "these phrase; thou wouldest' hardly suffices; thou words," R. V.-TOUTOV Tòv λ. Stephen. But Nonnus,* couldest' assuredly seems the best rendering. Oux- καὶ Πιλάτος τρομεροῖσιν ἐν οὔασι μῦθον ἀκούων. oudeμlav is also more than merely no power.' Thou S. Chrysostom omits this verse; but Theophylact couldest not have any power,' or 'any power at all,' has TOUTOV Tòv Xoyov, and S. Cyril Tòv λóyov TOŪTOV. might, perhaps, be a better rendering than either See the Old Versions for their renderings of this A. V. or R. V.

—ὁ παραδιδούς με σοί— he that delivered me unto thee," A. V.; "he that delivereth me unto thee," R. V.-A. V. is best.

Nonnus, h.l., ὅς με λαβὼν παρέδωκεν

Ver. 12.

'Ex TOUTOU " And from thenceforth," A. V.;
"Upon this," R. V.

The intention of A. V. is best. Nonnus,1
ἔνθεν ἐπικρίνων Πιλάτος ἐνέαινεν ἐᾶσαι
̓Ιησοῦν ἀδίκαστον

As regards èx Toúrou, see ch. vi. 66. Upon this,'

is not, it appears, strictly speaking, a rendering of ix

verse.

Ver. 19.

ypave dé-"and Pilate wrote," A. V.; "moreover Pilate wrote," R. V.

The A. V. omits xai; and R. V. renders è xaí by moreover;' fairly well, as but' would not do in this case, and 'and' does not render dé. Yet moreTOUTOU, but is, when admissible, an idiom for another, over,' though it seems somewhat out of place, tells, as e.g. in axoúcaσi тauтa тois Auxedapovíos doce-nevertheless, that Pilate wrote the tablet as an addi

2

2 Hellenic. ἐκ δὲ τούτου πέμπουσι δικαστάς, κ.τ.λ., ἐκ τούτου tional insult to the Jews.

v. 2, 35.

may well be rendered upon this.' We find ex Toude

—ἦν δὲ γεγραμμένον—" and the writing was,”

3 Hippol. in the Tragics in the same sense, e.g. in Euripides,3 A. V.; "and there was written," R. V.—correct. —ἠρξάμην μὲν οὖν

393.

1 1. 54.

2 See notes on ch. xviii. 37, xix. 21; and ch.vi.62. 3 1.57.

41. 59.

12, and ch. xix. 37.

and Greek, and Latin," A. V.; "in Hebrew and in
Greek, and in Latin," R. V.-better; but 'and'
might well be left out before in Greek.'

Ver. 21.

-ouv-" then," A. V.; "therefore," R. V.— correct.

But this verse would read better construed thus, 'JESUS therefore, seeing His mother, and the disciple whom He loved, standing by, saith,' as even in this case TapeσTTα, 'standing by,' would apply only to the disciple whom He loved.'

Ver. 27.

Eira Xy-"Then saith he," A. V.; "And then saith he," R. V.

And then He saith,' would seem more natural and agreeable to the ear, coming as it does after

Ver. 28.

-Non TETÉλEOTAI "now accomplished," A. V.; "now finished," R. V.

—βασιλεύς εἰμι τῶν Ἰουδαίων—“ I am king of the Jews," A. V.; "I am the king of the Jews," R. V. The A. V. is best. Here Bariλeús could not be See ver. rendered 'a king." Neither is this implied in the Greek. This is simply the repetition of what our 'JESUS-saith.' LORD asserted of Himself in ch. xviii. 37, Baσiλeús eiμ éy—namely His kingly office and prerogative without any reference, in this place, to any kingdom in particular. O Barihús for the time being was either Herod or Cæsar. Had our SAVIOUR The sense of TETÉλerba in this verse, is, not acsaid y siμ Barihús, He would then have done tually finished,' for, if so, it could neither agree with what His accusers laid to His charge—πᾶς ὁ βα- τετέλεσθαι in ver. 30, nor with ἵνα τελειωθῇ ἡ γραφή σιλέα αὑτὸν ποιῶν ἀντιλέγει τῷ Καίσαρι because He in this verse; but the sense is, especially with would have then said with His own mouth not on, being in the act of being finished.' But if the that He was 'KING,' but the King of the Jews,' Revisers prefer 'finished' to 'accomplished' for TETÉin opposition to the then reigning Bariλsús. Due sofas, it does not appear why in the same verse attention to this will show the cutting sarcasm they adopt 'accomplished' for reλew, instead of its on the Jews as well as the still lurking enmity of synonym fulfilled,' which is as it were consecrated Pilate against Herod, expressed by the article in as belonging to 'Scripture;' especially as several his saying, and writing on the tablet, with the MSS. read λngwo in this place instead of TEX. art. i Bariλeus Tav 'Ioudaiwy; as well as the sweeping But if' accomplished' is deemed a lawful rendering denial of the chief priests to CHRIST of all claims to of τελειωθῇ, and therefore also of τετέλεσθαι, then the any kingdom whatever, in their saying of Him A. V. is the best rendering of this verse; because simply Barλeus and not i Bariλsús. The force of whereas to finish' points to the actual ending of a the article and the absence of it2 in this place, are thing or of a transaction, 'to accomplish' or 'to shown by cases in which our SAVIOUR, speaking of fulfil' looks rather to the whole transaction as the Himself, could not have left it out, e.g. yú eius ἡ θύρα,—ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός,—ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς, ἡ ἄμπελος náλnivý, &c. Nonnus,3

2 See note on ch. i. 1,

p. 7.

3 1. 110.

μὴ γράφε, μὴ γράφε τοῦτον Ιουδαίων βασιλήα,
ἀλλ' ὅτι κεῖνος ἔνισπεν ἑῇ ψευδήμονι φωνῇ,
κοίρανος Εβραίων τελέθω, σκηπτοῦχος ̓Ιησοῦς.

Ver. 24.

—tà ¡μátiá μov—" my raiment," A. V.; "my garments," R. V.—either one or the other may do.

Ver. 25.

accomplishment of a prophecy. Thus our LORD
CHRIST, while in the last act of His atoning Sacrifice,
and in order that this accomplishment of prophecy
should be fulfilled said, "I thirst;" and this done,
He exclaimed, "It is finished!"

Ver. 29.

—καὶ ὑσσώπῳ περιθέντες—“ and put it upon hyssop,' A. V.; "and fixed it upon a stalk of hyssop," R. V.

This is a paraphrase of the original: for Tepéves means having put round,' either with,' con Eiotxeσav dé—“Now there stood," A. V.; "But-or 'to,' xaxáu; and as regards cows, this καλάμῳ ὕσσωπος, there stood," R. V.—why not 'were standing,' as in term has been applied to so many different plants ch. xviii. 5, 18? that Celsius despairs of arriving at the truth. i. p. 407, sq. -To Kλwπ-" of Cleophas," A.V.; "of Clopas," A. Ezra on Exod. xii. 15, after giving the Arabic v. R. V. the marginal reading of A. V.

Ver. 26.

1 Hierob.

אוריגנו and also the European ,אֵזוֹב name for

'Origanum,' confesses

that he knew -idúv—" when—saw," A. V.; "seeing," R. V. not what it was, only that it could not be a large plant, since it is contrasted with the cedar; and

-correct.

of As. Soc.

1844.

Rabbi S. Jarchi and Abarbanel throw no light on
the subject.

—ἐπεὶ παρασκευὴ ἦν— because it was the preparation," A. V.; "since it was the preparation," R. V. more correct.

Here ou is also better rendered then,' R. V., than therefore,' A. V. But the construction of the whole of this verse is laboured, and heavy.

Ver. 32.

Halov ou "Then came," A. V.; "So-came,'
R. V.-better.

Ver. 33.

But the chief apparent difficulty lies in reconciling
ὑσσώπῳ περιθέντες with περιθεὶς καλάμῳ, S. Matt. xxvii.
48. This difficulty, however, will disappear if we
take xáλapos in its strict sense of reed;' and cow-
TOS for either hyssopus officinalis,' L., or some other
such aromatic plant common in the south of Europe
and in the East, and well suited' aspergillis lustra-
libus,' Ex. xii. 16, &c. Most probably there was
ready at hand and near the cross, such a bunch of
hyssop tied at the end of a reed, for the purpose of
sprinkling with the vinegar contained in the vessel
set by, the wounds of those that were crucified in
order to prolong their agony. This bunch of hys-
sop, however, could not contain liquid sufficient to
quench thirst; so a spunge was filled with vinegar
and gall, then placed within the bunch of hyssop R. V.-more literal, and better.2
Úσσúла жеρIDÉVтes, on the point of the reed, and thus
held up xaxáu to our SAVIOUR's lips. The account
given by S. Matthew and that given by S. John are
thus perfectly reconcilable; only S. John 'standing
by' could witness the whole transaction, and the fact
of the spunge being placed within the hyssop, and
thus surrounded by it; whereas S. Matthew either at
a distance or perhaps absent, related the fact less in
detail than did S. John 'who saw and bare witness.'

̓Επὶ δὲ τὸν ̓Ιησοῦν ἐλθόντες— But when they came
to Jesus," A. V.; "But coming to Jesus,” R. V.—
correct; here it could not be 'having' or 'being
come;' and 'when' is not so well in this case.1
―s eldov—“ and saw," A. V.; "when they saw,"

Ver. 34.

'AXX' els-"But one," A. V.; "Nevertheless. one," R. V.-a good paraphrase.

-"came thereout," A. V.; "there came out," R. V.-better.

Ver. 35.

—μeμagrúgnne—" bare record," A. V.; "hath
μεμαρτύρηκε
borne witness," R. V.-right; for S. John alludes
either to his witness by word of mouth, or to his
written record, or to both.

- paprugía-" record," A. V.; "witness," R. V.
right.3

In a learned dissertation on the Hyssop of In Journ. Scripture," J. Forbes Royle, M.D., &c., argues at No. xv. 2, length in favour of being the caper-tree. This certainly grows 'out of the wall' and out of rocks in the south of Europe and in the East; but it would be unfit for the purpose of Ex. xii. 15, as it is a large shrub, not unlike a bramble-bush, thorny and with long trailing or drooping branches. I 'Eyéveтo yag Tauтra-"For these things were done," frequently saw it growing in several places; but I A. V.; "For these things came to pass," R. V.— do not remember ever seeing a branch or a stem of more correct.

fulfilled," R. V.

Ver. 36.

it to which even the appearance of xáλauos might —ἵνα ἡ γραφὴ πληρωθῇ“that the Scripture should
apply. Until, therefore, we can ascertain the truth be fulfilled," A. V.; "that the Scripture might be
as regards, we are scarcely justified in insert-
ing the word 'stalk' before 'hyssop,' inasmuch as
most probably 'stalk' does not belong to it.
See the Old Versions for their several renderings
of this verse.

'Should' is here best ; because Scripture must needs be fulfilled; 'might' would imply a doubt.

1 See ch. vi. 5.

2 Yet see ch. xi.29, 32.

3 See note on ch. i. 19.

4 See note on ch. iii. 16.