attempt to establish the commission form of government, despite the opposition of the mayor.

Again, the evils of hostile special legislation have not been automatically removed. A considerable number of bills were passed by the legislature which the cities concerned considered as inimical to their interests. Out of a total of 1635 bills sent to the cities for their consideration (deducting the 4 bills recalled from the mayor from the 1639 bills passed by both houses) 339 were not accepted. In other words, 20.73 per cent, or over one-fifth of all bills which the cities considered, they deemed to be against their interests.

Summing up the results of the investigation: first, the suspensory veto power of the cities of New York has been almost completely effective in preventing hostile special legislation; second, the effectiveness of the suspensory veto power has been due, not to the hesitancy of the legislature to override the will of the city, but to conditions within the legislature, apart from its attitude on city affairs; and third, the suspensory veto power, although effective in a negative way, is not the ideal solution of the problem of the relationship of the state to the city, as there is the possibility of division of responsibility between state and city, as well as the possibility that the officials of the city are not representative of the city on a particular measure; while the fact that onefifth of all the bills sent to the cities were not accepted by them indicates that the cities are compelled to be constantly on their guard against hostile special legislation.

It is important to note the remarkable consistency of the items year after year. It is evident from a study of the table that these conclusions are based not on a chance or erroneous combination or averaging of figures, but on actual conditions which seem to have acquired a relatively permanent character. They are as true for any year of the investigation as for an average or total of the eight.

University of Pittsburgh.

GUSTAV L. SCHRAMM.

McBain, The Law and the Practice of Municipal Home Rule, pp. 104-5, n. 1. Also S15 of 1914-Not accepted by the city, repassed by the legislature and approved by the governor. Here the obvious public opinion in Buffalo had a large part in crystallizing legislative sentiment so as to cause the legislature to override the mayor's veto.

NEWS AND NOTES

PERSONAL AND MISCELLANEOUS

EDITED BY FREDERIC A. OGG

University of Wisconsin

Professor W. W. Willoughby, of the Johns Hopkins University, has been on leave of absence, assisting the Chinese government in the preparation of its case before the Washington Conference on Far Eastern affairs.

Professor Clyde L. King, of the University of Pennsylvania, was engaged during the summer of 1921 as research expert for the joint congressional commission of agricultural inquiry. The report of the commission deals chiefly with the causes of agricultural depression.

The University of Michigan and the University of the Philippines have completed arrangements for an exchange of professors of political science. Maximo M. Kalaw, head of the department of political science in the latter institution, will give courses at Michigan during the academic year 1922-23, while Professor Ralston Hayden will do similar work at the University of the Philippines. Professor Hayden will leave for Manila in May, 1922. He will be away about fifteen months and expects to make a first-hand study of colonial government, not only in the Philippines, but also in the Japanese, French, Dutch, and British possessions. Professor Hayden will shortly publish a collection of the new European constitutions.

Professor H. E. Bolton, of the University of California, will take charge of Professor W. R. Shepherd's courses in Columbia University during the second semester. Professor Shepherd is on leave during the present year.

Professor Howard L. McBain, of Columbia University, has been appointed by Governor Miller a member of the commission for the revision of the New York City charter.

Dr. Julius Goebel, Jr., has been appointed lecturer in international law at Columbia University. He has taken over the courses formerly conducted by Mr. Henry F. Munro, now of Dalhousie University.

Dr. H. E. Yntema has been appointed lecturer in Roman law and comparative jurisprudence at Columbia University.

Professor Raymond G. Gettell, of Amherst College, will give courses in American government and foreign relations in the coming summer session of the University of California.

Dr. Charles H. Maxson, of the University of Pennsylvania, has been carrying on an investigation on unicameral legislation in the British-American provinces of Canada.

At the University of California, Dr. N. Wing Mah gives a course during the second semester on the contemporary politics and foreign relations of the Chinese republic. Next year Professor W. Popper will give a course on governments in the Near East, and Professor H. I. Priestley one on Hispanic-American institutions.

At an institute of efficiency in government, held at Chicago December 1-3 in conjunction with the first annual convention of the Illinois League of Women Voters, the laxness of men in voting was discussed by Professor Charles E. Merriam, of the University of Chicago; nominating processes, by Professor P. Orman Ray, of Northwestern University; and ballot forms and defects by Professors Ralston Hayden, of the University of Michigan, and A. R. Hatton, of Western Reserve University.

There has been established at Norwich University, within the department of political science, a bureau of municipal affairs which will hold itself ready to give assistance to the counties, cities, towns and villages of Vermont in the solution of problems peculiar to municipal corporations. The bureau will render this service in the following ways: (1) by giving information regarding community organization, town planning, and the administration of local government; (2) by publishing bulletins dealing with problems of government which are of current interest and distributing them to municipal officers, civic organizations, and libraries; (3) by encouraging the establishment of local town

reference bureaus; (4) by providing communities with speakers on governmental topics; (5) by holding local government conferences. The establishment of this bureau is a continuation of the work already done in this field by Norwich through the publication of the bulletins on poor relief and town planning. K. R. B. Flint, professor of political science, will be director of the bureau.

The National Convocation of Universities and Colleges on International Relations, including representatives of more than two hundred universities and colleges, met at Chicago, November 12, 13, and 14, 1921, to consider the problem of the limitation of armaments. As a result of this convocation, a permanent organization was formed, to be known as the National Student Committee for the Limitation of Armaments. Its purpose is to stimulate among college students an interest in the issues confronting the nations interested in the limitation of armaments; and to mobilize and make articulate student sentiment relative thereto. The movement had its inception at the Intercollegiate Conference on Reduction of Armaments called together at Princeton University on October 26. At this conference, delegates from thirtynine colleges enthusiastically supported the project of reduction of armaments and advocated making a nation-wide appeal to college students. Among the resolutions adopted at the Chicago meeting is one of especial interest to teachers of political science. It was resolved that the "Convocation, aroused by the consideration of the great problems now under discussion at Washington, calls the attention of college and university officers and students to the necessity of providing more fully than do present courses of instruction in American educational institutions for an intelligent understanding of the problems of national and international life. To the end that present defects in these matters be corrected, it is urged that courses of instruction be provided which shall acquaint students in schools and colleges with the fundamental necessity of social coöperation and the disastrous consequences of the lack of international harmony and war."

Annual Meeting. The seventeenth annual meeting of the American Political Science Association was held at Pittsburgh, December 27-30, 1921. Eighty-six members registered, and the actual attendance may be estimated at somewhat more than one hundred. A number of members who would otherwise have been present were detained at Washington by duties connected with the Conference on the Limitation of Armaments. The American Economic Association, the American Sociological Society, the American Statistical Association, the American Association of Labor Legislation, the American Association of University Professors, and one or two smaller organizations were in session at Pittsburgh during the same week. Joint sessions were held with the Sociological Society and the Economic Association; and a smoker and buffet supper was tendered the members of all associations by the University of Pittsburgh and the Carnegie Institute of Technology. Arrangements for the meeting were very good; practically all persons on the program appeared; and it was generally felt that the meeting was one of the best in the history of the association.

The meeting opened on December 27 with a luncheon conference at which Professor W. B. Munro, of Harvard University, presented a report from the enlarged committee on instruction in political science created at the annual meeting of 1920. The report appears in full in the present issue of the Review. The report was discussed at some length by Professor Edgar Dawson of Hunter College, Professor Clyde L. King of the University of Pennsylvania, Professor B. F. Shambaugh of the University of Iowa, Dr. J. Lynn Barnard of the Pennsylvania Department of Public Instruction and others. As noted below, the association took steps to secure further consideration of the subject in coöperation with other organizations interested.

Two sessions were devoted to problems of state government. At the first, the principal address was given by Professor Charles E. Merriam, of the University of Chicago, on "Nominations and Primary Elections." At the second session on this general field, Professor John M. Mathews, of the University of Illinois, discussed the general principles which ought to be observed in reorganizing state administrative systems. This subject was discussed by several persons, including Professors Frank E. Horack of the University of Iowa, Frances W. Coker of Ohio State University, Arthur N. Holcombe of Harvard University, and John A. Fairlie of the University of Illinois.