ii. 14 at the receipt of custom: at the place where the custom was received (au lieu du peage Fr.) (5) 21 new: raw Rh. (6) or unwrought (new and un dressed Gt. escru Fr.) (7) iii. 5 hardness: blindness Tyndale, Great Bible, Rh. (8) 10 pressed: rushed (Vulgate and Erasmus irruerent) (9) 19 into an house: home G. (10) 21 friends: kinsmen (kinsfolk G.) (11) iv. 29 brought forth: ripe adolevit Castalio. (12) (13) 20 observed him: kept him Rh. (le gardoit en prison — 27 an executioner: one of his guard (erant spicula- - 45 unto Beth.: over against Beth. Beth. oppositam B. (17) 56 him: it (so B. as alternative) (18) vii. 2 defiled: common Ty. &c. (19) 3 oft: diligently (summo studio B. note) in the ori- -4 tables: beds Rh. B. (21) 9 reject: frustrate Rh. (22) 26 Greek Gentile Rh. (23) ix. 16 with them: among yourselves G. (24) 18 teareth him: dasheth him Rh. (25) 43, 47 offend thee: cause thee to offend G. (26) x. 42 are accounted qui reputantur (Tremellius): think (29) Chap. iii. Chap. iii. Internal History. General review of 1 John. xi. 29 question: thing Ty. &c. (30) xiv. 3 spikenard: pure nard (nard that was pure...T. &c.) (31) or liquid nard (so B.) (32) 12 killed sacrificed G. (33) 26 hymn: psalm (34) 72 he wept: he wept abundantly (35) or he began to weep Ty. &c. (36) xvi. 14 at meat: together G. (37) Thus of the thirty-seven alternative renderings nearly one-half agree with the Genevan Version (2, 7, 10, 11, 24, 26, 33, 37) or Beza's (3, 4, 16-18, 20, 21, 26, 32); six agree with the Rhemish Version (1, 6, 14, 22, 23, 25); three more or less with the French (3, 5, 13); six with the earlier English versions; one with Castalio (12); and one with the Vulgate (9). Once again: the examination of the first Epistle of St John will shew very fairly how far K. James' revisers generally availed themselves in the New Testament of earlier labours and how far they impressed a special character upon the Version. In six (four) places, if I reckon rightly, they have altered the construction of the text: i. 3 and truly our fellowship is with...' for 'that our fellowship may be with...' (ii. 19 'they went out that they might be...' so Beza) (ii. 29 'ye know that...' B.) for know ye that...' so marg. 'ye have known' (G.) iii. 16 'Hereby perceive we the love of God, because...' (B.) for 'hereby perceive we (have we perceived G.) love, that (because Great Bible)... iv. 17 'Herein is our love (love with us marg. so B.) made' perfect, that...' for 'Herein is the love perfect in us, that...' v. 6 This is he that came by water and blood, even Jesus Christ...' (so B.) for This Jesus Christ is he that came...' (Tyn- or 'This is that Jesus Christ that came...' (G.) The changes of words are far more frequent, and of these a large number introduce phrases identical with those used in the Rhemish Version. Examples occur i. 9 confess for [ac]knowledge: ii. 2 (iv. 10) ‘he is the propitiation for...' for 'he it is that obtaineth grace for...': iv. 10 to make agreement for...' (propitiatio Vulg.): ii. 17 'he that doeth...' for 'he that fulfilleth...': ii. 20 ‘an unction' for 'an ointment': ii. 26 seduce for deceive (seducunt Vulg.): ii. 28 (iii. 21, v. 14) 'have confidence' for 'be bold' (habeamus fiduciam Vulg.): iii. 15 murderer for manslayer: v. 20 'an understanding that...' for 'a mind to...' (sensum ut cognoscamus Vulg.)1. In other cases the revisers aimed at a more literal exactness, as in iii. 14 have passed for are translated: iv. 18 'is made perfect' for 'is perfect': iii. I bestowed for shewed: iii. 9 'doth not commit sin' for 'sinneth not': iii. 22 (article): v. 9, 10 (tense); or at consistency of rendering, as ii. 27 abideth (dwelleth): iii. 10 manifest (known); or at clearness, as ii. 24, iii. 8 'that he might destroy the works of the devil' for 'to loose...' (iv. 3, v. 16); or at emphasis, as ii. 3 do know... Once an unhappy combination of renderings is attempted, iii. 17 1 Other coincidences are found: ii. 2 The converse change of 'record 8 which thing...: ii. 9 until now...: ii. to 'witness' in v. 8 is quite inexplica10 occasion of stumbling (marg. scandal): (ii. 5): iv. 15 shall confess. ble. Chap. iii. Chap. iii. 'Bowels of compassion...' (Bowels Rh. compassion Tynd. &c.): once a neater word is introduced, iii. 3 purifieth (purgeth)'. This analysis, in which I have endeavoured to include all the variations introduced into the Authorised Version, will shew better than any description the watchful and far-reaching care with which the revisers fulfilled their work. No kind of emendation appears to have been neglected; and almost every change which they introduced was an improvement. They did not in every case carry out the principles by which they were generally directed; they left many things which might have been wisely modified; they paid no more attention than was commonly paid in their time to questions of reading'; but when every deduction is made for inconsistency of practice and inadequacy of method, the conclusion yet remains absolutely indisputable that their work issued in a version of the Bible better-because 1 The substitution of 'torment' for 'painfulness' in iv. 18 is less completely successful: neither word renders κόλασις. The scrupulous and watchful care with which the revisers worked is nowhere seen more remarkably than in their use of italics to mark the introduction of words not directly represented in the original. The detail may seem at first sight trivial, and Luther neglected it entirely; but in reality it involves much that is of moment. It is of importance as marking distinctly that the work is a translation; and yet more the use distinguishes in many cases an interpretation from a rendering: e.g. Hebr. x. 38. This question has been exhaustively treated by Dr Turton in his pamphlet on The Text of the English Bible (1833), who shews conclusively that the Cambridge text of 1638 bears clear marks of repre senting very exactly the true form of the Authorised Revision. In the use of italics it is far more consistent than the editions of 1611, which seem to have been hastily printed. 2 I have given an account of the Greek text followed by the revisers in Smith's Dictionary of the Bible, 11. 524 n. But the question is of no real importance, as they do not appear to have been influenced by any consistent critical views, and the variations are too superficial to admit a general classification or discussion. An examination of the headings of the chapters, the running headings, and the marginal references does not fall within my scope, though in itself interesting. Some remarks on these points will be found in a paper by Mr Kegan Paul in the Theological Review for 1869, pp. 99 ff. more faithful to the original-than any which had been given in English before1. 1 It is impossible to enter here upon the question of the language of the Authorised Version. Linguistic changes were common in each successive revision, as has been already noticed; but it does not at once follow that no archaisms were retained. The following examples of old words contained in the Genevan Bible and altered in A. V. are inter- Ex. xxviii. 8 gard Genevan (girdle so Matthew, Bishops') 1 Sam. xxv. 18 frailes (mg. clusters) G. Bp. bondelles M. (clusters mg. lumps) I K. xx. 39 be lost and want G. be missed M. be missed or lost Bp. (be missing) 2 K. xix. 24 plant G. soles M. step of my going Bp. (sole) Ps. cxxxvi. 23 base G. when we were brought low Bp. (low) Prov. xxii. 6 in the trade of his way G. (in the way he should go. in his way) Is. xxiii. 8 chapmen G. factors Bp. (traffickers) Mark v. 35 diseasest Tyndale, Great Bible, G. Bp. (troublest) Mark xv. 26 cause Ty. G. B. G. Bp. (accusation) so Bp.) mg. G. B. the greces G. (the stairs Acts xxi. 15 made ourselves ready Ty. took up our burthens G. B. Acts xxv. 18 accusation Ty. G. B. Genevan Test. Bp. crime G. 2 Cor. xii. 17 pill Ty. G. B. G. Bp. (make a gain of) Tit. i 8 herberous Ty. harberous G. a keeper of hospitality G. B. (a lover of hospitality so Bp.) 2 Tim. iv. 2 improve Ty. G. B. G. Bp. (reprove) Heb. viii. 2 pight Ty. G. B. G. Bp. (pitched) 1 Pet. iv. 9 herberous Ty. G. B. G. Bp. (use hospitality) See above, Tit. i. 8. The valuable Bible Word-Book (1866) of Mr Eastwood and Mr Aldis Wright furnishes an admirable foundation for a study of the English of A. V. There can hardly be a more instructive lesson in English than to trace to their first appearance a number of the archaisms there noticed. It will appear that not a few of them are due to K. James' revisers them selves and not to the earlier texts. U Chap. iii. |