in what a conflagration of reproach, thou thyself must be consumed!"

Although I have purposely selected a passage in Latin whose construction presents few difficulties, I am certain that there is no Latin sentence which may not easily be analyzed in the same way, and, were I not afraid of being too prolix, I would make this evident by the application of this mode of Analysis to the exordium of the fine oration of Cicero for Archias or some similar oratorical passage. But I leave it to be made by those who, convinced that in the study of languages we cannot too closely associate the understanding with the memory, shall approve the plan I propose, which I daily apply in teaching the French, Latin, Greek, and Arabic languages, and the value of which I have discovered by the experience of years.

INDEX.

A or AN. This word is never an Article, 29 Note; It is a Numera-
tive employed to denote the Singular number, 62.

ABSOLUTE. Words used in an absolute manner, 42; Absolute
Cases, 73; Absolute Propositions in Latin, better denominated
Adverbial Propositions, 73; Absolute Tenses, 80; Absolute Modes,
97; Absolute Verbs, 101.

ACTIVE. See VERB and VOICE. Active Attribute, 97; Uses of the
change of the Active into a Passive attribute, 100 seq.
ADIEU. Elliptical word, 112.

ADJECTIVE. Use of the Adjective, 34. Signification of the word Ad-
jective, 35; The Adjective is not absolutely necessary, and Adjec-
tives in one language have not always corresponding Adjectives
in another, ibid. note; The Adjective must be connected with a
noun, ibid.; Employment of Adjectives with Appellative nouns, 36;
with Abstract nouns, ibid.; with Proper nouns, ibid.; Two different
functions of the Adjective, 37; Employed as Attribute of a Pro-
position, ibid.; or to qualify a noun contained in the subject, in
the Attribute, or in some other part of the Proposition, ibid.;
When the Adjective performs the function of Attribute to the
Proposition, it is not joined to a noun, ibid.; When it performs
the function of a Qualificative it must be connected with a noun,
ibid.; Sometimes the noun is not expressed, and why, ibid.; Cir-
cumstantial Adjectives, 38; They effect only the Extension of
Appellative nouns, 39; Qualificative Adjectives, 38; They affect
both the Extension and Comprehension of Appellative nouns, 39;
The Numeratives may be Circumstantial Adjectives as in Eng-
lish, 41; Every Adjective in Arabic may become an Adverb, 47;
Adjectives may be modified by Adverbs, ibid.; Pronominal Adjec-
tives, wrongly denominated Possessive Pronouns, 53; Many lan-
guages have no Pronominal Adjectives, their place being supplied
by Pronouns, 54; Conjunctive Adjectives, 55; Wrongly denomi-
nated Relative Pronouns, ibid.; Why denominated Conjunctive
Adjectives, 57; Their place may be supplied by a Simple Con-
junction, ibid.; Adjectives in some languages admit the distinc-
tion of Number, 63; that of Gender, 68; that of Case, 74; and
Degrees of Comparison, 76; Relation between the Adjective and
Participle, 96.

ADVERB. What an Adverb is, 46; Every Adverb is equivalent to a
Preposition followed by its complement, 47; The Adverbs of our
language have not always equivalent Adverbs in another, ibid.;
The Adverb never modifies the Verb, it always modifies the Attri-
bute, ibid. note; Difference between the Adverb and a Preposi-
tion followed by its Complement, 48; In Arabic there is no Noun,

Adjective, or Verb which may not become an Adverb, 47; In
Greek, proper names of places may form Adverbs, ibid.; Adverbs
serve to express the circumstances of an action, ibid.; They mod-
ify the Attribute comprehended in the Verb and Adjective, ibid.;
Adverbs modified by other Adverbs, 48; Adverbs of quality, ibid.
Adverbs of quantity, ibid.; Adverbs serving as complements to
Prepositions, ibid.; Conjunctive Adverbs, 58; Yes, no, and not are
Adverbs, 59; Analogy between Adverbs and the cases of nouns,
71; Adverbial cases, 72; Adverbial Propositions in Latin, 73;
Degrees of Comparison in Adverbs, 77; The infinitive sometimes
becomes an Adverb, and is then denominated a Supine, 95.
AGREEMENT. Part of Syntax, 107; Object of rules of Agreement,
ibid. (See Syntax.)

ANALYSIS GRAMMATICAL, 114 seq.; Mode of Analysis in the English
language, 124 seq.; in the Latin language, 133 seq.
ANTECEDENT. See Relation.

APPOSITION, and APPOSITIVE, 120; Signification of these words, ibid. ;
Examples of Apposition, ibid.; The Appositive may be changed
into a Conjunctive Proposition, 121.

ARTICLE. What it is, 29; English Articles, ibid.; A and An are not
Articles, ibid. note; Determinative Article, 30; Demonstrative,
ibid.; Employment of these two Articles, 31; Several languages
have no determinative Article, ibid.; Others employ instead of
Determinative articles certain terminations to words, ibid.; Fre-
quent abuse of the Determinative Article, ibid.; There may be
many Demonstrative and Determinative articles, ibid.; The Deter-
minative Article affects the Extension of Appellative nouns, with-
out influencing their Comprehension, 39; The Demonstrative
Article affects both their Extension and Comprehension, ibid. ;
Use of the Article with proper names, ibid.; Articles in some lan-
guages employed to characterize the Numbers, 63; and the Gen-
ders, 68; The Infinitive may take the Article, 94.

ATTRIBUTE. What it is, 14; There can be no Proposition without an
Attribute, 15; Simple Attribute, 21; Compound Attribute, ibid. ;
The Simple Attribute is either Incomplex or Complex, ibid.; Mode
of discovering whether the Attribute be Simple or Compound, 22;
It is the Attribute comprehended in the signification of the Verb,
and not the Verb, which is modified by the Adverb, 47, note; Ac-
tive Attribute, 97; Passive Attribute, ibid.; Neuter Attribute, 98;
Distinction between the Logical and the Grammatical Attribute,
116; Complex Attribute a part of which is Comprehended in an
Attributive Verb, and the other expressed without the Verb, 121.
(See Sur-Attribute.)

AUGMENTATIVES, 74, and 75.

CASES. What they are, 45; Use of Cases, 69; Examples of Cases,
taken from the Latin language, ibid.; Signification of the word
Case, 70; Cases are not necessary; mode of supplying their place,
71; Of the number of Cases in different languages, ibid.; Analogy
between Cases and Adverbs, 72; The same Case employed for
several relations, ibid.; Union of Prepositions with Cases, ibid. ;
Adverbial Cases, ibid.; Complementary Cases, ibid.; and Absolute

Cases, 73; Employment of Cases to distinguish the kinds of Pro-
positions, ibid. seq.; Examples of the employment of Cases to
characterize different Propositions in the Latin language, ibid.;
Cases belong appropriately to nouns and Pronouns, 74; are admit-
ted also in Adjectives in some languages, ibid.; Analogy between
the Cases of nouns and the modes of Verbs, 73 & 96; Cases of the
Infinitive, called Gerunds, 95; The Participle may have Cases, 96;
Theory of Cases in Latin, 133 seq.

COMMON. See Genders.

COMPARATIVE, 77; Comparative-Minorative, ibid.

COMPELLATIVE. What it is, 15; Signification of the word, 16; All
discourse supposes a Compellative, ibid.; Compellative understood,
inasmuch as it can readily be supplied, ibid.; Case designed to
mark the Compellative, 72; Distinction between the Logical and
the Grammatical Compellative.
COMPLEMENT. The Consequent Term of a relation is also called_the
Complement, 46; Complementary Cases, 72; Complementary Pro-
positions in Latin, 73; Complement of Relative Verbs, 101; In
what ways Verbs are connected with their Complements, 102 ;
Complement of a Verb also called the Regimen, and why, 102, note;
Two Complements belonging to the same Verb, 102; The Comple-
ment of a Reflexive Verb is the same as the subject, 103; Derived
forms of Verbs which comprehend the complement, 104; Mode of
arranging different Complements of the same word, 109; Distinc-
tion between the Logical and Grammatical Complement, 118.
COMPREHENSION of an Appellative noun, 26; The more Comprehen-
sion an Appellative noun possesses the less Extension does it pos-
sess, 27; Appellative nouns whose Comprehension is very limited,
and whose Extension is almost boundless, 28; Determinative Arti-
cles and Circuinstantial Adjectives influence not at all the Com-
prehension of Appellative nouns, 39.

CONJUGATION and to CONJUGATE. What it is, 101.

CONJUNCTIONS. Conjunctions connect together several Propositions
which are in relation with each other, 49; They determine also the
nature of the relation existing between them, 51; Some conjunc-
tions serve also to connect together the different parts of a Sim-
ple or complex Subject or Attribute, ibid. note; We may, by
means of Conjunctions, unite several Propositions into one, ibid.
Conjunctions are the Exponents of relations existing between the
Propositions which form the Antecedents and Consequents of these
relations, ibid.; Modes of Verbs often cannot perform their office
without the assistance of Conjunctions, 96.

CONJUNCTIVE. Conjunctive Adjectives, 55; Reason for this denom-
ination, 57; Conjunctive Nouns, Adverbs and Adjectives, 58.
CONSTRUCTION. Signification of the word, 107; Natural construc-
tion, 108; Rules for Construction belong not to General Gram-
mar, ibid.; Construction in English, 109.

DECLENSION and to DECLINE. What is understood by these words, 74.
DEGREES OF COMPARISON. What these are, 76; Occur in Adjec-
tives, ibid.; and in Adverbs, 77; may occur in verbs, ibid.; These
degrees are either of more or less, 76; Positive, Comparative, Su-

perlative, Intensive, 77; Other Degrees which might be denomi-
nated Diminutive, Comparative, Minorative, etc. ibid.
DIMINUTIVES, 74; Diminutive Degree of Comparison, 77.
DUAL. See Number.

ELLIPSIS or an Elliptical Sentence, 110; Ellipsis of the Antecedent
of a Relation, 111; Ellipsis of the Subject, Verb, and Attribute,
112; Ellipsis of the Verb to be, 113; Ellipsis of a Verb which
should serve as Antecedent to another Verb, ibid.

EXTENSION of an Appellative noun, 26; The extension of an Appel-
lative noun is the less, the greater is its comprehension, 27;
Appellative nouns whose comprehension is very limited and their
extension almost boundless, 28; Demonstrative Articles as well
as Qualificative Adjectives affect both the extension and compre-
hension of Appellative nouns, 39.

EXPONENT of a relation. What it is, 44; The Preposition performs
the function of an Exponent, ibid.; Terminations of Cases per-
forming the function of Exponents, 45; Conjunctions also perform
the function of Exponents, 52.

FEMININE. See Gender.

FORMS. Derived forms of Verbs, 104; They annex accessory signifi-
cations to the original signification of the Verb, ibid.; Impersonal
form, 105.
GENDER. What it is, 64; Masculine and Feminine Genders found-
ed upon the natural distinction of sex, 65; Neuter Gender found-
ed upon the absence of that distinction, ibid.; Common Gender
appropriated to designate the union of, or the abstraction of con-
sideration of, the sexes, ibid.; The distinction of Genders does
not find a place in some languages, 66; Abuse of Genders by a
wrong employment of them, 66; Modes of designating the differ-
ence of sex, other than the variation of Gender, 64, 67; The dif-
ference of Genders is also in some languages denoted by the Ar-
ticles, 67; Some languages do not apply the variation of Gender
even to nouns, 65; The Infinitive mode of the Verb does not ad-
mit of the distinction of Gender, and why, 93; This distinction
occurs in the Participle, 96.

GERUND. Case of the Infinitive, 95; Every Tense of the Infinitive
may form Gerunds, ibid.

GOVERNMENT. A Part of Syntax, 107; Object of rules of Government
108. (See Syntax.)

IMPERSONAL. Impersonal Verbs, better denominated Verbs of the
third Person, 105.

INFINITIVE. Mode of Verbs, 92; In what respect it partakes of the
nature of the Verb, 93; It may have various Tenses, ibid.; It has
neither Gender, Number nor Person, and why, ibid.; Similarity
of the Infinitive to Abstract Nouns, and the characteristic which
distinguishes it from these Nouns, ibid.; In many languages there
is no Infinitive, 94; Essential distinction between the Abstract
Noun and the Infinitive mode of the Verb, ibid.; The Infinitive
may take Articles, ibid.; It may serve as Subject of a Proposition
and as complement of a Verb, ibid.; It may have cases which are
denominated Gerunds, 95 (See that word); The Infinitive serv-