in what a conflagration of reproach, thou thyself must be consumed!"
Although I have purposely selected a passage in Latin whose construction presents few difficulties, I am certain that there is no Latin sentence which may not easily be analyzed in the same way, and, were I not afraid of being too prolix, I would make this evident by the application of this mode of Analysis to the exordium of the fine oration of Cicero for Archias or some similar oratorical passage. But I leave it to be made by those who, convinced that in the study of languages we cannot too closely associate the understanding with the memory, shall approve the plan I propose, which I daily apply in teaching the French, Latin, Greek, and Arabic languages, and the value of which I have discovered by the experience of years.
A or AN. This word is never an Article, 29 Note; It is a Numera- tive employed to denote the Singular number, 62.
ABSOLUTE. Words used in an absolute manner, 42; Absolute Cases, 73; Absolute Propositions in Latin, better denominated Adverbial Propositions, 73; Absolute Tenses, 80; Absolute Modes, 97; Absolute Verbs, 101.
ACTIVE. See VERB and VOICE. Active Attribute, 97; Uses of the change of the Active into a Passive attribute, 100 seq. ADIEU. Elliptical word, 112.
ADJECTIVE. Use of the Adjective, 34. Signification of the word Ad- jective, 35; The Adjective is not absolutely necessary, and Adjec- tives in one language have not always corresponding Adjectives in another, ibid. note; The Adjective must be connected with a noun, ibid.; Employment of Adjectives with Appellative nouns, 36; with Abstract nouns, ibid.; with Proper nouns, ibid.; Two different functions of the Adjective, 37; Employed as Attribute of a Pro- position, ibid.; or to qualify a noun contained in the subject, in the Attribute, or in some other part of the Proposition, ibid.; When the Adjective performs the function of Attribute to the Proposition, it is not joined to a noun, ibid.; When it performs the function of a Qualificative it must be connected with a noun, ibid.; Sometimes the noun is not expressed, and why, ibid.; Cir- cumstantial Adjectives, 38; They effect only the Extension of Appellative nouns, 39; Qualificative Adjectives, 38; They affect both the Extension and Comprehension of Appellative nouns, 39; The Numeratives may be Circumstantial Adjectives as in Eng- lish, 41; Every Adjective in Arabic may become an Adverb, 47; Adjectives may be modified by Adverbs, ibid.; Pronominal Adjec- tives, wrongly denominated Possessive Pronouns, 53; Many lan- guages have no Pronominal Adjectives, their place being supplied by Pronouns, 54; Conjunctive Adjectives, 55; Wrongly denomi- nated Relative Pronouns, ibid.; Why denominated Conjunctive Adjectives, 57; Their place may be supplied by a Simple Con- junction, ibid.; Adjectives in some languages admit the distinc- tion of Number, 63; that of Gender, 68; that of Case, 74; and Degrees of Comparison, 76; Relation between the Adjective and Participle, 96.
ADVERB. What an Adverb is, 46; Every Adverb is equivalent to a Preposition followed by its complement, 47; The Adverbs of our language have not always equivalent Adverbs in another, ibid.; The Adverb never modifies the Verb, it always modifies the Attri- bute, ibid. note; Difference between the Adverb and a Preposi- tion followed by its Complement, 48; In Arabic there is no Noun,
Adjective, or Verb which may not become an Adverb, 47; In Greek, proper names of places may form Adverbs, ibid.; Adverbs serve to express the circumstances of an action, ibid.; They mod- ify the Attribute comprehended in the Verb and Adjective, ibid.; Adverbs modified by other Adverbs, 48; Adverbs of quality, ibid. Adverbs of quantity, ibid.; Adverbs serving as complements to Prepositions, ibid.; Conjunctive Adverbs, 58; Yes, no, and not are Adverbs, 59; Analogy between Adverbs and the cases of nouns, 71; Adverbial cases, 72; Adverbial Propositions in Latin, 73; Degrees of Comparison in Adverbs, 77; The infinitive sometimes becomes an Adverb, and is then denominated a Supine, 95. AGREEMENT. Part of Syntax, 107; Object of rules of Agreement, ibid. (See Syntax.)
ANALYSIS GRAMMATICAL, 114 seq.; Mode of Analysis in the English language, 124 seq.; in the Latin language, 133 seq. ANTECEDENT. See Relation.
APPOSITION, and APPOSITIVE, 120; Signification of these words, ibid. ; Examples of Apposition, ibid.; The Appositive may be changed into a Conjunctive Proposition, 121.
ARTICLE. What it is, 29; English Articles, ibid.; A and An are not Articles, ibid. note; Determinative Article, 30; Demonstrative, ibid.; Employment of these two Articles, 31; Several languages have no determinative Article, ibid.; Others employ instead of Determinative articles certain terminations to words, ibid.; Fre- quent abuse of the Determinative Article, ibid.; There may be many Demonstrative and Determinative articles, ibid.; The Deter- minative Article affects the Extension of Appellative nouns, with- out influencing their Comprehension, 39; The Demonstrative Article affects both their Extension and Comprehension, ibid. ; Use of the Article with proper names, ibid.; Articles in some lan- guages employed to characterize the Numbers, 63; and the Gen- ders, 68; The Infinitive may take the Article, 94.
ATTRIBUTE. What it is, 14; There can be no Proposition without an Attribute, 15; Simple Attribute, 21; Compound Attribute, ibid. ; The Simple Attribute is either Incomplex or Complex, ibid.; Mode of discovering whether the Attribute be Simple or Compound, 22; It is the Attribute comprehended in the signification of the Verb, and not the Verb, which is modified by the Adverb, 47, note; Ac- tive Attribute, 97; Passive Attribute, ibid.; Neuter Attribute, 98; Distinction between the Logical and the Grammatical Attribute, 116; Complex Attribute a part of which is Comprehended in an Attributive Verb, and the other expressed without the Verb, 121. (See Sur-Attribute.)
AUGMENTATIVES, 74, and 75.
CASES. What they are, 45; Use of Cases, 69; Examples of Cases, taken from the Latin language, ibid.; Signification of the word Case, 70; Cases are not necessary; mode of supplying their place, 71; Of the number of Cases in different languages, ibid.; Analogy between Cases and Adverbs, 72; The same Case employed for several relations, ibid.; Union of Prepositions with Cases, ibid. ; Adverbial Cases, ibid.; Complementary Cases, ibid.; and Absolute
Cases, 73; Employment of Cases to distinguish the kinds of Pro- positions, ibid. seq.; Examples of the employment of Cases to characterize different Propositions in the Latin language, ibid.; Cases belong appropriately to nouns and Pronouns, 74; are admit- ted also in Adjectives in some languages, ibid.; Analogy between the Cases of nouns and the modes of Verbs, 73 & 96; Cases of the Infinitive, called Gerunds, 95; The Participle may have Cases, 96; Theory of Cases in Latin, 133 seq.
COMPARATIVE, 77; Comparative-Minorative, ibid.
COMPELLATIVE. What it is, 15; Signification of the word, 16; All discourse supposes a Compellative, ibid.; Compellative understood, inasmuch as it can readily be supplied, ibid.; Case designed to mark the Compellative, 72; Distinction between the Logical and the Grammatical Compellative. COMPLEMENT. The Consequent Term of a relation is also called_the Complement, 46; Complementary Cases, 72; Complementary Pro- positions in Latin, 73; Complement of Relative Verbs, 101; In what ways Verbs are connected with their Complements, 102 ; Complement of a Verb also called the Regimen, and why, 102, note; Two Complements belonging to the same Verb, 102; The Comple- ment of a Reflexive Verb is the same as the subject, 103; Derived forms of Verbs which comprehend the complement, 104; Mode of arranging different Complements of the same word, 109; Distinc- tion between the Logical and Grammatical Complement, 118. COMPREHENSION of an Appellative noun, 26; The more Comprehen- sion an Appellative noun possesses the less Extension does it pos- sess, 27; Appellative nouns whose Comprehension is very limited, and whose Extension is almost boundless, 28; Determinative Arti- cles and Circuinstantial Adjectives influence not at all the Com- prehension of Appellative nouns, 39.
CONJUGATION and to CONJUGATE. What it is, 101.
CONJUNCTIONS. Conjunctions connect together several Propositions which are in relation with each other, 49; They determine also the nature of the relation existing between them, 51; Some conjunc- tions serve also to connect together the different parts of a Sim- ple or complex Subject or Attribute, ibid. note; We may, by means of Conjunctions, unite several Propositions into one, ibid. Conjunctions are the Exponents of relations existing between the Propositions which form the Antecedents and Consequents of these relations, ibid.; Modes of Verbs often cannot perform their office without the assistance of Conjunctions, 96.
CONJUNCTIVE. Conjunctive Adjectives, 55; Reason for this denom- ination, 57; Conjunctive Nouns, Adverbs and Adjectives, 58. CONSTRUCTION. Signification of the word, 107; Natural construc- tion, 108; Rules for Construction belong not to General Gram- mar, ibid.; Construction in English, 109.
DECLENSION and to DECLINE. What is understood by these words, 74. DEGREES OF COMPARISON. What these are, 76; Occur in Adjec- tives, ibid.; and in Adverbs, 77; may occur in verbs, ibid.; These degrees are either of more or less, 76; Positive, Comparative, Su-
perlative, Intensive, 77; Other Degrees which might be denomi- nated Diminutive, Comparative, Minorative, etc. ibid. DIMINUTIVES, 74; Diminutive Degree of Comparison, 77. DUAL. See Number.
ELLIPSIS or an Elliptical Sentence, 110; Ellipsis of the Antecedent of a Relation, 111; Ellipsis of the Subject, Verb, and Attribute, 112; Ellipsis of the Verb to be, 113; Ellipsis of a Verb which should serve as Antecedent to another Verb, ibid.
EXTENSION of an Appellative noun, 26; The extension of an Appel- lative noun is the less, the greater is its comprehension, 27; Appellative nouns whose comprehension is very limited and their extension almost boundless, 28; Demonstrative Articles as well as Qualificative Adjectives affect both the extension and compre- hension of Appellative nouns, 39.
EXPONENT of a relation. What it is, 44; The Preposition performs the function of an Exponent, ibid.; Terminations of Cases per- forming the function of Exponents, 45; Conjunctions also perform the function of Exponents, 52.
FORMS. Derived forms of Verbs, 104; They annex accessory signifi- cations to the original signification of the Verb, ibid.; Impersonal form, 105. GENDER. What it is, 64; Masculine and Feminine Genders found- ed upon the natural distinction of sex, 65; Neuter Gender found- ed upon the absence of that distinction, ibid.; Common Gender appropriated to designate the union of, or the abstraction of con- sideration of, the sexes, ibid.; The distinction of Genders does not find a place in some languages, 66; Abuse of Genders by a wrong employment of them, 66; Modes of designating the differ- ence of sex, other than the variation of Gender, 64, 67; The dif- ference of Genders is also in some languages denoted by the Ar- ticles, 67; Some languages do not apply the variation of Gender even to nouns, 65; The Infinitive mode of the Verb does not ad- mit of the distinction of Gender, and why, 93; This distinction occurs in the Participle, 96.
GERUND. Case of the Infinitive, 95; Every Tense of the Infinitive may form Gerunds, ibid.
GOVERNMENT. A Part of Syntax, 107; Object of rules of Government 108. (See Syntax.)
IMPERSONAL. Impersonal Verbs, better denominated Verbs of the third Person, 105.
INFINITIVE. Mode of Verbs, 92; In what respect it partakes of the nature of the Verb, 93; It may have various Tenses, ibid.; It has neither Gender, Number nor Person, and why, ibid.; Similarity of the Infinitive to Abstract Nouns, and the characteristic which distinguishes it from these Nouns, ibid.; In many languages there is no Infinitive, 94; Essential distinction between the Abstract Noun and the Infinitive mode of the Verb, ibid.; The Infinitive may take Articles, ibid.; It may serve as Subject of a Proposition and as complement of a Verb, ibid.; It may have cases which are denominated Gerunds, 95 (See that word); The Infinitive serv-
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