ten by Solon's own Hand, remain'd still in the Citadel. Hence, as Pollut is of Opinion, the Laws came to be distinguish'd into rès xάrwow, and Jos vader vós, the former fignifying the Laws that were in the Prytaneum, which was in the lower City; the latter, thofe that were kept in the Citadel, or upper City. Others are of Opinion; that by ỏ xárbev vówos, Demosthenes, whofe Expreffion it is, meant no more, than the Lower Part of the Tablet: But then, without Difpute, he would have mention'd the Number of the Tablets, as in other Places he, and others ufually do, and not have left us in the dark which of the Tablets he meant. Again, the lower Part of the Tablet might fometimes happen to contain the first Part of the Law, which it is improper to call άrwe, becaufe that Word feems to import fomething beneath the reft, and toward the latter End; for one Tablet was not always large enough to contain the whole, Law, as appears from Plutarch, in whom we find that the eighth Law was engrav'd in the thirteenth Tablet. Petitus will have Demofthenes to mean no more by o náτwler vós, than the Law which beneath, or afterwards in the fame Oration is cited by him. Others understand it of the lower Line, because the Laws are faid to have been written spoon, which is, as Paufanias explains it, when the fecond Line is turn'd on the contrary fide beginning at the end of the former, as the Husbandmen turn their Oxen in ploughing, in this manner, ΕΚ ΔΙΟΣ ΑΡ- It was against the Law for any Man to erafe a Decree out of any of the Tablets, or to make any Alterations in them; and for their greater Security, there were certain Perfons call'd from their Office papparüç, whofe Business it was to preferve them from being corrupted, and as their Name imports, to tranfcribe the old, and enter the new ones into the Tablets; they were elected by the Senate, and to render their Office more creditable, had feveral Marks of Honour conferr'd upon them, of which in their proper Places. Laftly, that no Man might pretend Ignorance of his Duty, the Laws were all engrav'd on the Wall in the Barihin sod, Royal Portico, and there expos'd to publick View. But this Custom was not begun till after the thirty Tyrants were expell'd f. Thus much of the Athenian Laws in general: Their particular Laws, moft of which have been collected by Samuel Petitus, were these which follow. Attick LAWS. Laws relating to Divine Worship, Temples, Festivals, and Sports. L ET Sacrifices be perform'd with Fruits of the Earth. One of Let it be a Law among the Athenians for ever facred and inviolable, a Eliac. e Pollux, lib. VIII, cap. 8. ! Andocides de Myfteriis. *Solone always always to pay due Homage im publick towards their God, and native Heroes, according to the ufual Cuftoms of their Country; and: with all ^' poffible Sincerity to offer in private Firt fruits with Anniversary Cakes. One of Draco's Laws. It must be here obferv'd that no ftrange God could beworbipped at Athens, till he were approv'd by the Areopagite Senate. See Book I. Chap. xix. One Drachm thall be the Price of a Sheep, eighteen of a Medimn. One of Solon's fumptuary Laws. Cattle defign'd for Sacrifice fhall be cull'de. This Law provided, that the best of the Cattle should be offered to the Gods. See Book II: Chap. iv It's order'd, that the Sacrificer carry part of his Oblation home to his Family. See Book II. Chap/ivanov All the Remains of the Sacrifice are the Priest's Fees. See Book II. Chap. iii. b. Whofoever cafeth Nature in Apollo's Temple fhall be indicted, and! fentenc'd to Death. One of Pififtratus's Laws, enacted when that Tyrant built Apollo's Temple in the Pytheum, where the Athenians used to cafe Nature in Contempt of the Tyrant CAT 20 All Slaves and Foreigners are permitted to come to the publick Tem-' ples, either out of Curiofity of feeing, or Devotions ni gail They who furvive the Report of being dead, are prohibited Entrance into the Furies Temple 1. See Book II. Chap. iv. Toda to Let no violence be offer'd to anyone, who flies to the Temples for Succour A very antient Law. See Book II. Chap. og 1 While the Celebration of the New Moon, or other Festival, con tinues at Athens, it's order'd that no one be defam'd or affronted in Private or publick, and that no Business be carry'd on, which is not per-, tinent to this Feaft *.Seer for this and the following Laws, which res late to the Festivals, Book II. Chap. xix, xx.c All, who frequent the Panathena, are forbid the wearing of Apparel dy'd with Colours to qu ahoma 916175. It's enacted that at the Inftitution of Panathenaa Majora, Homer's Rhapsodies be repeated". Sojourners are commanded to carry about at publick Proceffions little Veffels fram'd after the Model of a Boat, and their Daughters Wa ter-pots with Umbrellas 4 See Book 1. Chap. x. No Foreigner is to be initiated into the Holy Myfteries. Death fhall be his Penalty, who divulges the Mysteries. The Perfons initiated fhall dedicate the Garments they were initiated in, at Ceres and Proferpina's Temple 1. • Porphyrins toco citato. Plutarchus Solene, • Pintarchus toco citato. riftephanis Scholiaftes in Platum. Idem in Vefpas. f Suidas, Hefychims. Vaticana Proverbiorum appen. Cent. I. Prov. LXXXII. & Demofthenes Orat. in Nearam. Hefychius, Phavorinus, v. Asurepowerpos, Plantarchus Queeft. Roman. Bophants Scholiafers in Equites. Demofthenes Timceraten. Lycurgus in Leocratem, Elianus Var Hift. lb. Vill. cap. σκατηφόροι. tionis. • Ariftophanis Scholiaftes in Plutum. ? Ariftophanis Scholiaftes in Plutum. 1 Ari 1 Lucianus Nigrino. Harpocration v? Sopater in divifione quæ No No Woman fhall go in Her Chariot to Eleufis, and whoever commits Theft during the Feast kept at that Place, fhall be find 6000 Drachms". Let no petitionary Address be made at the Myfteries som? old No one shall be arrested or apprehended, during their Celebration An Affembly of the Senate fall convene in the Eleufinian Temple, the Day following this Festival. One of Solon's Laws o The Festival call'do is to be annual, at which time there's to be a Goal Delivery ". 2 ་། Evagoras hath caus'd it to be enacted, that when there's a Proceffion in the Piratus to the Honour of Bacchus, and likewife at the Lenaan Procellion, Comedies fhall be acted, and that: during the Celebration of the Ariana in the Citadel, young Men fhall dance, and Tragedians and Comedians act and that at these times, and while the uplynia côntinue, no Sait of Law, Bailment or Suretyfhip fhall be made;f Tref pafs be made against any one of thefe Particulars, let the Perfon herein offending be profecuted in the ufual Manner at the popular Affembly held in Bacchus's Theatre *. It is eftablifht, that the Prytanes the Day. fubfequent to these Obfervances call a Senate in the Theatre of Bacchus, upon the Пandez, where the first thing in Debate fhall be touching the facred Rites, after that, the drawing up all the Indictments to be executed on the foremention'd Criminals at the Feafts Y. No-Arrestment shall be attempted on the Amaia. Execution of condemn'd Prifoners shall be defer'd till the poi re turn from Deloso See Book H.chap. ix No Oblation of Victims shall be on the Aer He who comes off Conqueror at the Olympirk Games, fhall receive as his Reward 500 Drachms, cat the Ifthmick an 100 of t Fifteen Perfons fhall go to the Conftitution of a tragick Chorus o It's forbid that Eschylus, Sophocles and Euripides be brought on the Stage, wherefore Licenfe is given that the City Clerk read them pub lickly. This Law was enacted out of Respect to these three Tragedians. An emulatory Performance among the Tragedians is order'd to be in the Theatre on the Feaft call'd Xorge, and that he that Acts his Part beit, fhall be chofen Denison f. 9 £15 lsbol ob sie b'mott alshe' No one under thirty Years of Age had be an Actor Others instead of thirty Years read forty Years Chui hercition Let no Archon be expos'd by any malignant Afperfionsin a Comedy. If any Beflections are defign'd, let them be palliated under a feigned Name. This Law was enacted to reftrain the old Comedy, wherein Mes were reflected on by Name1. Plutarchus Lycurga rhetore: Andotides de Myfteriis. Demosthenes in Mer diam. Andocides de Myfteriis. Theocriti Scholiaftes in Idyll. V. Demofthe nes in Mediam lib. IV. eap. 15. y Ibid. 1 Demofthenes in Nearam. Plutarchus Lycargo. d Scholiaftes in Nubes, Idem ibidem. Pluto Phadone, Xenophon Armor. Plutarchas Solonie. Plutarchus Lycargo. 8 Ariftophanis Let Let all the different Airs and fpecifick kinds of Mufick be obferv'd, and each of them be made ufe of at its peculiar Feftival. This was an ancient Law, whereby they who confounded the feveral kinds of Mufick being first convicted before the Masters of Mufick, were liable to be punished. But this Practice was afterwards laid afide. All Spectators fhall fit with due Attention and Decorum in the Theatre, and the Archons fhall cause their Sergeants to turn him out whò fhall caufe any Noife or Disturbance, but if any one perfevere in his Rudeness, a Fine fhall be his Punishment *. This Law relates to the Dionyfia, where the chief Archon was Prefident, the Care of other Games being committed to other Magiftrates, as that of the Lenæa, and of the Anthefteria to the Βασιλεύς, Sports exhibited in Honour of Neptune are to be in the Piraeus, grac'd with three Dances perform'd in a Ring, where the Reward to them who come off best shall be ten va, to them whofe Performance is one Degree below, eight, and fix to the third Victors. This Law was enacted by Lycurgus the Orator 1. One Day yearly there's to be a publick Cock-fighting. See Book II. Chap. xx. in Αλεκτρυόνων ἀγών τ Sacrifices are required to be at the Beginning of every Month. See Book II. Chap. xx. in Neului". T Laws concerning them who officiate in holy Rites. HE Bar is to take Care that the Parafites be created out of the People, whofe Duty 'tis, each of them to reserve out of his Allowance an Hetteum of Barley without the least Deceit, for the Mainte nance of the Genuine Citizens Feast, to be kept in the Temple, according to the Custom of the Country. The Acharnenfian Parafites are to lay up an Hecteum of their Dole in Apollo's Refervatory, to which Deity they are to facrifice; the Bartus alfo for the time being, likewife the old Men, and Women who have had but one Husband, are oblig'd to join in the Sacrifices. See Book II. Chap. iii. Out of thofe of fpurious Birth, or their Children, the Parafites fhall elect a Prieft, who fhall officiate in the monthly Sacrifices, and against him who declines to be a Parafite, an Action fhall be enter'd°. Two of the facred Ceryces muft undergo Parafiteship, for the space of one. Year in Apollo's Temple at Delos P. The third Part of the choiceft of the Oxen is to be confer'd on the Victor of a Prize, the two remaining fhall be divided between the Priests and Parafites. This Law was engrav'd in the Anaceum. Let there be given a juft Value of Money, to be disburs'd by the Priefts for the Reparation of the Temple, of the Aptio (or Treasury of the Temple) and the Пaparir, or Place fet apart for the Parafites exe éuting of their Office: ** Plato, lib. III. de Legibus. dichas Lycurgo rhetore. tib. VI. • Vide ibid 1. cap. 7. * Demosthenes, ejufque Scholiaftes in Midiana. 1 Pluž Elianus Var. Hift. lib. II. cap. 28. Athenems Idem ibid. a Ibid. ! Athenans lib. IV. Pollux lib. Out L2 Out of the most vigorous of the old Men, there are to be created hoops, i. e. Perfons to carry Sprigs of Olive in the Panathenea, inHonour of Minerva. See Book II. Chap. xx. in Naraðývat. It is hereby appointed, that the Confort of the Baσd shall be a Citizen of Athens, and never before marry'd. See Book I. Chap. xii. Not the Priests only fhall give an Account of their Demeanour in the Priesthood, but likewife the facred Families". See Book II. Chap. iii. No impure Perfon fhall be elected into the Priesthood. See as before. Laws relating to the Laws. As for the Review of the Laws, (ixxepororía Nópar) I have purposely omit ted it, as being spoken of in the former Part of this Chapter. T The Decree. Ifamenus hath establish'd, with the Confent, and by the Authority of the People, that Athens fhall keep her ancient Form of Govern ment, and make ufe of Solon's Laws, Weights,. and Measures, with Draco's Sanctions, as hitherto; if new ones fhall feem requifite, the Nomotheta created by the Senate for that Purpose, shall engross them on a Tablet, and hang 'em up at the Statues of the Eponymi, that they may be expos'd to the publick View of all Paffers by; the fame Month they are to be given up to the Magiftrates, after they have país'd the Eftimation of the Senate of five hundred, and the delegated. Nomotheta Be it also further enacted, that any private Man may have free Accefs to the Senate, and give in his Sentiments concerning them. After their Promulgation, the Senate of Areopagus is required to take Care that the Magiftrates put thefe Laws in Execution, which for the Conveniency of the Citizens are to be engraved on the Wall, where before they had been expos'd to publick View *. This Law was enacted after Thrafybulus had expell'd the thirty Tyrants. See the former Part of this Chapter. He that propounds a Law contrary to the common Good, shall be indicted. See as before. The Propofer of a Law after the Year's end, fhall be accus'd, if his Law be pernicious, but yet fhall be liable to no Penalty. See as before. No Law, fhall be repeal'd, before Reference be made of it to the Nomothete, which being done, any Athenian may endeavour its Repeal, fuppofing he fubftitutes a new Law in its ftead. Both thefe the Proedri fhall refer to the Votes of the People; the firit Propofal fhall be concerning the old Law, whether it be any longer conducible to the publick Good, then the new one fhall be propos'd; and which of the Xenophen-Sympofio. wjchines in Timarchume Demofthenes in Nieram. " Æfchines in Ctesiphontem. Y Demofthenes in Ti two ? |