enthusiastic of our citizen-soldiers. It is curious to find that such a profound bookworm should be an authority on sculling. Dr. Furnivall built the first two narrow rowing boats in England and introduced. the first sculling four-and-eight races. The Ruskin exhibition has been a great success, so that the debt on the Coniston Museum will be wiped off. Another interesting literary celebration is the bicentenary of James Thomson, the author of the "Seasons" and "Rule Britannia.” The little village of Ednam, in Roxburgeshire, where he was born in September, 1700, is likely to become a shrine to many tourists in Scotland.

The forthcoming dramatic season promises to be full of interest. It has opened with two plays on Nell Gwynn, Miss Marie Tempest, who is well known in New York as a comic opera singer, having started off first with the adaptation of Anthony Hope's story, "Simon Dale." It is a rather curious fact that Miss Tempest's present husband, Mr. Cosmo GordonLennox (who acts under the name of Cosmo Stuart), is the nephew of the Duke of Richmond, the direct descendant of Nell Gwynn's rival with the King, Louise de Keroualle (created Duchess of Portsmouth). Miss Julia Neilson has produced "Sweet Nell of Old Drury," which is of American origin. Still more interesting, however, is the announcement that Mr. Stephen Phillips has written a play, "Herod," for Mr. Tree.

The world knows Mr. Phillips only as a poet, but long before that he was familiar throughout the English provinces as an actor with Mr. F. R. Benson. It is rare that a man of letters has any knowledge of the stage as an actor; hence the hope that the optimists place in Mr. Phillips's work for the theatre. Sir Henry Irving's proposal to produce "Manfred" has roused a great deal of controversy, Mr. Clement Scott in particular damning the

venture in advance. "Manfred" was produced in Covent Garden in 1834, Phelps revived it at Drury Lane in 1863, while Charles Dillon appeared in the part at the Princess's Theatre ten years later. Sir Henry Irving has also a play from the pen of Mr. W. L. Courtney, who gave us "Kit Marlow" seven years ago. It is notable that Ibsen's plays are to be reissued by Mr. Walter Scott in a cheap edition. Mr. Scott, whose real business is that of a big contractor, has done a great deal to introduce foreign literature, and his services in publishing Ibsen at a time. when the Norwegian was almost universally condemned demands a greater recognition than Mr. Scott has received. Mr. William Archer, of course, is editing the new edition. Miss Marie Corelli has copyrighted an adaptation of "The Master Christian" and Miss Cholmondeley has dramatized "Red Pottage." By the way, 'she cannot recollect where she got her title.

The view may very plausibly be taken. that with the increase of popular and unideaed periodical literature and cheap magazines, there will be a strengthening of the better class of review-something on the lines of the stately old quarterlies; for people in search of ideas must eventually be supplied with a suitable literature of their own. I know that some of the most acute observers take a different view, and look forward to the absolute predominance of the unrelated fact. Mr. John Murray, the publisher, undismayed by the fact that his excellent monthly, Murray's Magazine, was not a success, is clearly of opinion that a higher class magazine is wanted, for he is publishing the Monthly Review. It is edited by Mr. Henry Newbolt, who suddenly leaped into fame by his patriotic verses "Admirals All." In October Mr. Clement Scott will start a society weekly, called the Free Lance. Since he left the Daily Telegraph

Mr. Scott's hand has been busy in many directions. New York newspaper readers know his outlook pretty well by this time. Another old Telegraph man, Mr. Sala, did not make a fortune with the penny weekly he started, though it was full of good things; but Mr. Scott may succeed where Sala failed. His prejudices should make

lively reading. Speaking of newspapers, I may say that the House of Lords' decision in the Times case, with reference to Lord Rosebery's speeches, is regarded as a joke, for their lordships hold that the reporter of a speech is really the author. They were, however, not unanimous on the point.

J. M. Bulloch.

IT

T is definitely settled that the library of the late Thomas J. McKee is to be sold by auction during the autumn and winter months. So important an event in the bibliographical world should not pass without some description of the contents and characteristics of this remarkable collection.

Mr. McKee early evinced a great liking for the stage and its history, and soon after the Civil War began to accumulate books relating to actors and actresses as well as the literature of the drama and its immediate branches. Long before the present generation began to collect plays in their original form, Mr. McKee had accumulated a large number and variety. Being an enthusiastic American he early sought for and secured much material relating to the American drama, and it is safe to say that his library is the richest in such material ever offered for sale. Mr. McKee was not satisfied with the accumulation of books alone, but also began the much more difficult task of collecting playbills, autograph letters, and engravings, notably portraits, relating to the stage. It is not definitely decided, but in all probability these also will be sold some time during the season.

As Mr. McKee became better and better able to afford it, he went farther and farther afield. Beginning, as we have said, exclusively with the drama, it was but a step to include English and American poetry, and by degrees to buy here and there a gem, no matter to what department it belonged. Thus the library contains some scarce Americana, a few specimens of early printing, some notable examples of the great presses, and here and there a choice specimen of binding which is always to be found on a book worthy of its expensive cover. Another department that seems to

have attracted Mr. McKee was the collecting of "association" books. Here he seems to have revelled, and although their number is not very great, there are several exceedingly choice bits in this library.

A careful examination of the books themselves shows that Mr. McKee was somewhat influenced by the modern school of collecting, which not only insists on having a first edition, but one in immaculate condition, when possible uncut, and when obtainable with some provenance connected with it. Thus there will be found books from all the great sales of this century, as the Corser, Daniel, Maidment, Heber, Mitford, Syston Park, Ives, Foote, Bierstadt, Griswold, Allan and Frederickson, and many others. It is true, however, that another influence seemed to have actuated him rather later in his career as a collector, viz., perfection. There are many books in this library that would be almost priceless if they were perfect, and many more that would unquestionably fetch record prices if they had not been spoiled by the binder's knife. It behooves, therefore, the intending purchaser to examine carefully, or have his agent do so, each book, that he may not only possess the book itself, but possess it in immaculate condition. No imperfect book that is obtainable at a low figure is cheap, while it is a bibliophile's truism that many a book perfect and uncut is cheap at a very high price.

ous,

The treasures of Mr. McKee's library are numerbut among the most conspicuous are the following In English prose and poetry the library contains good copies of Allot's "England's Parnassus," London, 1600; Butler's Hudibras," three parts, London, 1660, 1664, 1668; a fine collection of Chapman's plays, including "The Shadow of

Night," containing two Poetical Hymns, etc., London 1594"; Chaucer's "Works," n. d. (probably 1542); Crashaw's "Steps to the Temple," London, 1646; Churchyarde's "Chippes," London, 1575; Drayton's "Mortemeriados," London, 1596; Gascoigne's "Poesies," London, 1575; Greene's "Amourous Fiammetta,” London, 1587; Heywood's Spider and the Flie," London, 1556; James VI" Essays of a Prentise in the Divine Art of Poesie," Edinburgh, 1585; Herrick's "Hesperides," London 1648; Lovelace's "Lucasta," London, 1649; Langland's "Vision of Pierce the Ploughman," imprinted by Roberte Crowley, London, 1550; Milton's "Poems," 1645; Puttenham's "Arte of English Poesie Contrived Into Three Bookes," London, 1589; Shakespeare's "Poems," London, 1640; Spenser's "Faerie Queen," London, 1590, 1596; The Shephearde's Calendar," London, 1597; "Colin Clouts Come Home Again,” London, 1595; Burton's "Anatomy of Melancholy," London, 1621; Boccaccio's Decameron," London, 1620; Shelton's Translation of Cervantes' " Don Quixote," London, 1612, 1620; Taylor's "Works," London, 1630; Gray's Elegy Wrote in a Country Churchyard," London, 1751; Boswell's Life of Johnson," 2 vols., 4to, London, 1791; Goldsmith's "Good Natur'd Man," London, 1768; "She Stoops to Conquer,” London, 1773; "The Deserted Village," London, 1770; "The Traveler," London, 1765; Sheridan's "The School for Scandal," London, 1782; "The Critic," London, 1781; "The Rivals," 1788; Keats' "Poems," London, 1817; "Lamia," London, 1820; “Endymion,” London, 1818.

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In Shelleys the library is particularly rich, as it is in most all nineteenth-century writers. It contains the following rare items: Shelley's "An Address to the Irish People," 1812; "Adonais," Pisa, 1821 (presentation copy from Leigh Hunt to T. L. Peacock); “Epipsychidion," London, 1821; "Queen Mab," London, 1813 (printed by Shelley

himself); Tennyson's "Poems by Two Brothers," Louth, 1827; " Poems, Chiefly Lyrical," London, 1830; "Poems," 1833; Burns's "Poems," Kilmarnock, 1786; Shakespeare's Works," Edinburgh 1771, 8 vols. (formerly belonging to Burns, with his autograph on the title-page); Dickens's "David Copperfield," London, 1850 (presentation copy with an autograph letter inserted), etc., etc.

In American poetry and the drama the following are among the more important items: John Howard Payne's "Lispings of the Muses," 1813; Poems Tamerlane," Boston, 1827 (the Lichstenstein-Maxwell copy); “Al Araaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems," 1829, and many other items.

The library contains a number of rare Bibles, among them: "The Holy Bible, Philadelphia, printed and sold by R. Aitken, 1782"; The Saur Bible, Germantown, 1743, 4to; "The Book of the Mormon," Palmyra, 1830, and many others.

In Americana, and early American poetry, the following items are to be noted: Bradstreet's "Tenth Muse," London, 1650; Woolcott's "Poetical Meditations," New London, 1725; Irving's "Knickerbocker's New York," 2 vols., New York, 1809 (in the original boards).

There are also first editions of all the greater American writers, as: Whittier, Lowell, Longfellow, Holmes, Emerson, Bryant, Whitman, and many of the lesser lights. Of other Americana may be noted: "Columbus Letter," printed at Rome by Planck, 1493; Wood's "N. E. Prospect," 1634; Roger Williams's "Key Into the Language of America," London, 1643; Morton's "N. E. Memorial," Cambridge, 1669; Morton's "N. English Canaan,” London, 1637; "Hennepin's "New Discovery," London, 1698; Cadwallader Colden's "Five Indian Nations," New York, 1727 (printed by William Bradford); Horsmanden's Negro Plot," New York, 1744; Smith's "New York," 1747, and Captain John Smith's "General History of Virginia," 1624, folio.

Ernest Dressel North.

APROPOS OF THE "PARAMOUNT ISSUE"

OF

F course Professor Giddings's book was written long before the birth of the "paramount issue" at Kansas City. Its title, however, makes so direct an appeal to popular interest in a discussion which is largely filling public thought today that the author cannot escape a suspicion of canny shrewdness in its choice. Had other sociologists a like journalistic appreciation of opportunity it might go far toward redeeming so-called campaign literature from hackneyed repetitions.

The book itself is a collection of previously published addresses and essays, all bearing upon the problems of democracy and empire" in a broad way," but "logically related parts of a whole." The main thesis is that democracy and imperialism (of the right sort) are so far from being antagonistic that in the process of evolution they are often found to be complementary. The author sees two types of civilization that are likely in the end to absorb all other types-the Anglo-Saxon and the Russian. Even the farthest ends of the earth may be appropriated by one. or the other, a suggestion, it will be recalled, that perhaps was first made by De Tocqueville. With so wide a field to traverse, almost any phase of democracy or empire seems germane. Yet one cannot but feel that with a treatment so discursive as that of Professor Giddings much is included that might better have been omitted for preserving a distinct trend to the argument. The chapters on

DEMOCRACY AND EMPIRE, WITH STUDIES OF THEIR PSYCHOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC AND MORAL FOUNDATIONS. By Franklin Henry Giddings, M.A., Ph.D. The Macmillan Co.,$2.50.

the "Ethical Motive," the "Psychology of Society," and the "Mind of the Many," add nothing of effectiveness, at least to the untechnical reader. It may be noted in an aside as somewhat odd that, fully as Professor Giddings discusses the views of Professor Baldwin of Princeton, he seems to ignore M. Tarde, the author of the doctrine of imitation as a fundamental social force and fact, who is ranked so high by Professor Baldwin himself.

In coming to questions of immediate interest, some of the most valuable chapters of the book must be passed over. Among them may be included "The Costs of Progress," "Industrial Democracy," and "Some Results of the Freedom of Women"-this last taking a hopeful view of the working woman's new attitude toward marriage in its bearing upon Malthusian possibilities, the attitude of postponement and not of renunciation. Professor Giddings's main proposition, that democracy is no longer inconsistent with empire, is based upon the passing away of the old idea of empire, that of securing an absolute homogeneity by coercion. Its substitute is the possibility of securing a relative homogeneity-a working form of social union-whose basis is "ethical like-mindedness," or "a common willing. ness to share a common destiny." This conception commits to the central power the maintenance of the integrity of the empire, whether against outside assault or internal quarrels, supplemented by the maintenance of a certain minimum standard for the protection of life and property in local administration. Such a conception admits the greatest possible diversity throughout the empire in religion, custom and manner of life. Keeping in view this basis of social agreement, we are prepared to understand Professor Gidding's inter

pretation of the doctrine of the "consent of the governed." Coercive measures, he holds, find ethical justification when it is "fairly probable" that "a free and rational consent will be given by those who have come to understand all that has been done," as the boy comes at maturity to understand and approve the discipline of a wise father. The practical limitation of this doctrine in application to a given case, human motives being as mixed as they are, is of course obvious. The same may be said of Professor Giddings's defence of imperialism, which he regards not as the manifestation of a mere war spirit, but rather as one form of that spirit of expansion which characterizes progressive races. He lays great emphasis on the resulting benefits to the country practicing imperialism, in reflex attraction toward broader and more serious policies and politics.

In the same spirit of sane optimism Professor Giddings discusses allied problems of a like vital interest, such as "The Survival of Civil Liberty" and "The Ideals of Nations," this last being in style and treatment one of the most suggestive and satisfying chapters in the book. Professor Giddings is always the first, if sometimes he fails of the last. It is a pity that the book was not entirely re-written. It would thus have gained greatly in unity and evenness of force, qualities impossible to a collection of addresses and essays however cleverly put together.

Arthur Reed Kimball.

settlement of the great West and has told the story of New York from its foundation. He has also written biographies of distinguished Americans, notably of Thomas H. Benton and Gouverneur Morris. Those topics came naturally to him from his public activities down to that time-his interest in the West growing out of his sojourn there as a ranchman, his interest in New York, Benton and Morris proceeding from his citizenship in New York and his career in public life.

Governor Roosevelt's career more recently has been military. The war in which he fought resulted in the expansion of the territorial domain of his country. Cromwell's life, in these circumstances, may be said to have become another subject of natural interest to him, just as the life of Charlemagne is known to have engaged his attention during the past summer, beginning just after his nomination as vice-president.

Cromwell's work, apart from its relation to free institutions, was distinctly the work of an expansionist. Under the Stuarts, England had fallen to the lowest state as a power in Europe. From the heights to which Henry VIII raised her, and on which the reign of Henry's youngest daughter shed new lustre, England had fallen to a condition paralelled only in times anterior to the Tudors: even in Plantagenet times it had been distinctly higher. It was Cromwell's work (and Englishmen were blind to this fact for almost two hundred years) to restore England to her rightful place as a potent force in the great councils of the world. He overcome the Dutch; he helped France to overcame Spain, and the result was a restoration of England to a great place among the nations, which was again to be lost under the newer Stuarts and was not to be regained until Marlborough entered the field with his sword.

It is agreeable to note with what zest