Report on Béton Aggloméré: Or, Coignet-béton, and the Materials of which it is Made |
Common terms and phrases
20 per cent aggloméré Like common alumina arches artificial stone béton aggloméré blocks 7 days Boulogne Portland cement Boulogne Portland cement..1 brick burning chamber burnt calcination carbonate of lime carbonic acid cement..1 Pit sand Coarse gravel Coignet common lime powder common mortar compacted by shaking concrete Coplay cost Cracked crushing strength DRY INGREDIENTS feet Gillmore's experiments gravel and pebbles gross tons heat helices Hoffmann kiln hydraulic lime lime of Argentieul lime of Seilley....1 limestone loosely measured magnesia malaxator manufacture masonry materials matrix mill mixed mixture monolithic months moulds neat cement Number portion Portland cement..1 Pit pounds produced proportions quick-setting rammed Roman cement Rosendale cement samples sand 1 volume sand and pebbles seven days old shaken Silica slaking slow-setting square inch stiff paste stone containing stone paste strength and hardness strength of Portland tensile strength Theil thickness trituration United States bushel vitrification volume cement volumes sand walls water 6 days
Popular passages
Page 8 - Coignet, of Paris. The essential conditions which must be carefully observed in making this be'ton are as follows : First. Only materials of the first excellence of their kind, whether common or hydraulic lime, or hydraulic cement, can be used for the matrix. Second. The quantity of water must not exceed what is barely sufficient to convert the matrix into a stiff, viscous paste. Third. The matrix must be incorporated with the solid ingredients by a thorough and prolonged mixing or trituration, producing...
Page 44 - Monolithic constructions in beton agglome're may advantageously be carried on whenever it is not too cold to lay first-class brick masonry. In Paris and vicinity operations are not generally suspended during the winter, unless the cold be unusually severe for that climate. Pieces of statuary, and other specimens ornamented with delicate tracery, have been exposed for five consecutive winters to the weather in New York City, without undergoing the slightest perceptible change.
Page 19 - A characteristic property of this stone paste, when properly mixed, is that it- does not assume a jelly-like motion when rammed. Its degree of moisture must be precisely such that the effect of each blow of the rammer shall be distinct, local, and permanent, without disturbing the contiguous material compacted by previous blows. If it be too moist, the mass will shake like wet clay, and if it be too dry, it will break up around the rammer like sand. In either case the materials cannot be compacted...
Page 16 - ... until the result is a plastic, viscous, and sticky paste, of a peculiar character, in both its physical appearance and the manner in which it comports itself under the subsequent treatment with rammers. There would appear to be no mystery in this part of the process, yet the excellence of the be"ton agglomere is greatly dependent on its proper execution.
Page 43 - ... filling them up with sand or heavy earth. Even if the voids remain unfilled, a hollow wall is more stable than a solid one containing the same quantity of material, for the reason that the moments of the forces which confer stability are greater in the former than in the latter. 182. Durability. The densest mortars that can be produced from given materials are the best, and the use of a large amount of water is incompatible with the condition of density. The best pointing mortar, indeed, is a...
Page 46 - In constructing the municipal barracks of Notre Dame, Paris, the arched ceilings of the cellars were made of this be'ton, each arch being a single mass. The spans varied from twenty-two to twenty-five feet, the rise, in in all cases, being one-tenth the span, and the thickness at the crown 8.66...
Page 44 - ... affords sufficient protection to the face surfaces of the work against moderate frost, and, when the temperature ranges generally not much lower than the freezing point during the day, work may be safely carried on, if care be taken to cover over the new material at night. After it has once set, and has had a few hours to harden, neither severe frost, nor alternate freezing and thawing, has any perceptible effect upon it, and, under any and all circumstances, it is much less liable to injury...
Page 11 - No. 30 wire sieve, of 36 wires to the lineal inch, and shall weigh not less than 106 pounds to the struck bushel, when loosely poured into the measure. When made into a stiff paste without sand, it should be capable of sustaining without rupture, a tensile strain of 400 pounds on a sectional area 1 £ inch square, or 2J square inches, (equal to 178 pounds to the sectional square inch,) seven days after being moulded, the sample being immersed six of these days in fresh water. In...
Page 17 - ... water, the paste presents the desired degree of homogeneity and plasticity. When, for any special purpose, it is desired to introduce into the mixture a quantity of Portland cement, in order to increase the hardness or the rapidity of induration, it had better be added during the process of trituration, mixed with the requisite increment of water, so that after proper mixing the whole material will present the appearance of a short paste, or pasty powder, which is quite characteristic of this...
Page 45 - Yanne aqueduct, for supplying water to the city of Paris. This aqueduct, which traverses the forest of Fontainebleau through its entire length, comprises two and a half to three miles of arches, some of them as much as fifty feet in height, and eleven...