GLOSSARY. adj., adjective. Gr., Greek. ABBREVIATIONS. Heb., Hebrew. It., Italian. lit., literally. O. Eng., Old English. O. Fr., Old French. p. p., past participle. sing., singular. V., verb. abet, O. Fr. abetter, to instigate to en- | armistice, Fr. armistice, from Lat. courage by aid and countenance. abrupt, Lat. ab, off, and rumpere, to break hasty, blunt. absurd, Lat. absurdus, from ab, from, and surdus, deaf, lit. proceeding from one that is deaf: hence, opposed to manifest truth. abundance, Lat. abundantia, ab and unda, a wave; lit., an overflow: an overflowing fullness, plenteousness. ado, A.-S. a, to, and do: bustle, trouble. agent, Lat. agere, to act: one acting for another. Albion, an ancient or poetical name of England. The name "Albion" is derived from Lat. albus, white, on account of the appearance of England's chalky cliffs. ambition, Lat. ambitio, from amb, around, and ire, to go, a going around, especially of candidates in Rome to solicit votes, and hence, primarily, desire for office an eager desire for honor, superiority, or power. ambitious. See ambition. annihilation, Lat. ad, to, and nihil, nothing the being reduced to nothing. : arma, arms, and stare, to stand still: suspension of hostilities by agreement; a truce. arrival, Lat. ad, to, and ripa, the shore the act of reaching a place. audible, Lat. audire, to hear that may be heard. audience, Lat. audientia, a hearing, from audire, to hear: the act of hearing; admittance to a hearing. author, Lat. auctor, from augere, to increase, to produce: the composer of a book. aversion, Lat. a, from, and vertere, to turn disinclination. avert, Lat. a, from, and vertere, to turn : to turn aside. barbarian, Lat. barbarus, Gr. barbaros, foreign an uncivilized person. bass, Fr. basse, deep, low: deep or grave in sound. bay, v., Fr. aboyer, to bark: to bark at. beam, A.-S. beam, a beam: a shaft of rays. benevolence, Lat. bene, well, and volere, to wish: good-will, charitable ness. anon, A.-S. an in, and on one, that betwixt, A.-S. betwixt, from be, by, == is, in one minute: soon. and twig, two: between. boon, Lat. bonus, good, lit. that which | clan, Gaelic clann, offspring, descend is asked as a benefit: a gift, a grant. bridegroom, A.-S. brydguma, a man newly married or about to be married. buffoon, Fr. bouffon, from bouffer, to puff out, because the buffoons puffed out their cheeks: a mountebank, clown. buttress, Fr. bouter, to push, to butt: a projecting support to the exterior of a wall. calendar, Lat. calendarium, an account-book: an arrangement of the divisions of time. candid, Lat. candidus, from candere, to be of a glowing white: fair, just, impartial. cavalier, Fr. cavalier, a horseman, from Lat. caballus, a horse: a knight, a gallant gentleman. ants a tribe of families. clarion, mediæval Lat. clario, from Lat. clarus, clear, from its shrill sound: a kind of trumpet whose note is clear and shrill. clerk, Lat. clericus, priest: a parish officer in the Church of England. clown, Lat. colonus, a husbandman. It first came to mean a rustic, and afterwards a buffoon. coffer, Fr. coffre, from Lat. cophinus, Gr. kophinos, a basket, a chest treasury or funds. coherent, Lat. co for con, with, and hærere, to stick cleaving together, and hence, connected by some relation of order. collection, Lat. com, together, and legere, to gather.. century, Lat. centum, a hundred: the commune, Lat. communicare, to com period of a hundred years. chance, n., through Fr. chance, from Lat. cadere, to fall: hence, what befalls, and so fate, fortune. chapel. See chaplain. chaplain, Fr. chapelain, mediæval Lat. capellanus, from capella, a hood, sacred vessel, chapel. It is said that the kings of France, in war, carried into the field St. Martin's hat, which was kept in a tent as a precious relic; whence the place took the name capella, a little hat, and the priest who had the custody of the tent was called capellanus, chaplain. children, A.-S. cild, pl. cildru, cildra. The word is a curious instance of a double plural (= child + ra + en). choler, Gr. cholera, from chole, bile: wrath, anger. chorister, Fr choriste, a singer in a choir, from Gr. choros, a choir. Christmas, from Christ, and mediæval Lat. missa, mass: the festival of the Christian Church observed annually on December 25, in memory of the birth of Christ. municate: to converse together familiarly. companion, Fr. compagnon, from mediæval Lat. companium, fellowship, mess (com, together, panis, bread): an associate, a comrade. compeer, O. Fr. from Lat. com, with, and par, equal: an equal, an associate. compensate, Lat. com (con), with, and pendere, pensum, to weigh to balance, to make equal return. compensation. See compensate. congenial, Lat. congenialis, partaking of the same nature: kindred, sympa. thetic. conjure, Lat. con, and jurare, to swear: to entreat earnestly. consent, Lat. con, together, and sentire, to feel sympathy, accord. Used by Milton in this its etymological sense. contract, Lat. contractus, from con and trahere, to draw together: an agreement, a covenant. contradiction, Lat. contra, against, and dicere, to speak: an assertion of the contrary, denial. : to make lit., to build up; derivatively, to instruct. effigy, Lat. effigies, from e (=ex), and effluence, Lat. ex, from, and fluere, to coronet, Lat. corona, a crown: an in- | edify, Lat. ædes, a building, and facere, ferior crown worn by noblemen. corrupt, adj., Lat. con, and rumpere, to break vitiated, depraved. corselet, Fr. corselet, from 0. Fr. cors corps, the body a piece of armor to cover the front of the body. cosmetic, Gr. kosmos, order, adornment that which beautifies. covert, n., O. Fr. covrir, to cover (corert, covered): a place where animals hunted in the chase find cover. credit, Lat. credere, creditum, to believe. Hence its derivative meanings. curfew, Fr. courrir, to cover, and feu, fire the bell-ringing at nightfall practiced in olden times as a signal to cover fires, extinguish lights, and retire to rest. cynosure, Lat. cynosura (Gr. kunosoura, lit. dog's tail), the ancient name for the constellation of the Lesser Bear, or rather the stars composing the tail of it. To this group, as containing the pole-star, the eyes of mariners are directed; and hence the meaning of cynosure, as denoting any object that strongly attracts attention. deliberation, Lat. deliberare, to weigh, from de and libra, a balance: careful consideration. different, Lat. dif (for dis), apart, and ferre, to bear. separate, distinct. dispute, n., Lat. dis, apart, and putare, to think a debate, an argument. distant, Lat. dis, apart, and stare, to stand remote. document, Lat. documentum, from docere, to teach: any thing furnishing proof or evidence. dole, A.-S. dælan, to divide: to deal out in small portions. dubious, Lat. dubius (from duo, two), moving in two directions: doubtful as to the result. dudgeon, Welsh dygen, anger, grudge: discord. elements, Lat. elementum, a first prin- an occurrence. exact, v., Lat. exigere, to drive out, to demand to require authoritatively. exit, lit. he goes out (3d pers. sing. pres. indic. of Lat. v. exire, to go out): the departure of a player from the stage, when he has performed his part. extort, Lat. ex, from, and torquere, to turn about, to twist: to wrest or wring from, by force. fain, adv., A.-S. fagen, glad: gladly. times, fidelity to one's lord; now, loy- fellow, A.-S. felaw, from fylgau, to follow a companion. fetich, Portuguese feitiço, sorcery, charm, from Lat. factitius, made by art: a material thing, living or dead, which is made the object of superstitious worship, as among certain African tribes. fetters, A.-S. fetor, originally a shackle | hight, p.p. of A.-S. hatan, to be called : for the foot. fiend, A.-S. fiend or feond, from fian, to hate, and hence lit. the hating one: a demon. firelock, an old-time musket having a lock which was discharged by striking fire with flint and steel. was named. hobgoblin, hot originally an abbreviation of robin (Robin Goodfellow, a domestic sprite), and goblin, from mediæval Lat. gobelinus, a mischievous knave (Ger. Kobold): a frightful apparition; an imp. fond, A.-S. fonne, to be foolish, to dote: homage, through Fr. homage, from foolish. forlorn, A.-S. forloren, p.p. of forleo san, to lose: deserted, abandoned. frolic, adj., Ger. frolih, frohlich, joyful gay, merry. frolic, ., to be gay or merry. fustian, so called from Fustat, i.e., Cairo, in Egypt, where it was first made: a kind of coarse twilled cotton stuff. garish, A.-S. gearn, prepared, showy: dazzling. glebe, Lat. gleba, clod, ground: soil, ground. Lat. homo, a man. "Homo " under the feudal system had the sense of vassal: lit., the state of being a vassal under a lord, and hence reverential submission. horrid, Lat. horridus, rough, bristly: dreadful, awe-inspiring. humor, Lat. humor, from humere, to be moist; that is, lit., the fluids of the body. As the state of mind was in old times believed to depend on these fluids, the word acquired the force of disposition, temper, mood, with various allied meanings. gossip, A.-S. god, God, and sib, rela-impediment, Lat. impedimentum, from tion; a relation or sponsor in baptism: an idle tattler. grotesque, Fr. grotesque, It. grottesa, lit. like the figures found in grottos: whimsical; of extravagant or irregular form. guile, allied to A.-S. wile, craft: cunning, artifice. hamlet, A.-S. ham, home, house, and let, the diminutive termination: a small village. hautboy, n., Fr. hautbois (that is, haut, high, and bois, wood): an oboë, or musical instrument of the clarinet type. health, A.-S. häldh, from hál, hale, sound the state of being hale, sound, or whole, in body, mind, or soul. heaven, A.-S. hefan, to heave, and hence lit. that which is heaved or arched over us: used by Pope as a synonym of God. im (= in), and pes, pedis, the foot: ob struction. import, n., Lat. im (for in), and portare, to bear: 1. import, meaning; 2. im portance, consequence. impugn, Lat. impugnare, from im (= in). and pugnare, to fight: to call in ques tion, gainsay. incongruous, Lat. in, not, and con.. gruus (= congruous`, from congruere, to agree not. befitting, unsuitable. incredulous, Lat. in, not, and credere, to believe: unbelieving, skeptical. incumbent, Lat. incumbere, to lie upon lying upon, resting on. inert, Lat. iners, from in, not, and ars, lit. unskilled: sluggish. infinite, Lat. infinitus (from in, with out, and finis, end): without end, unlimited. ingenuous, Lat. ingenuus, inborn, frank: open, sincere. insult, r., Lat. insultare, from in, and | madcap, from mad and cap: a person salire, to leap upon: to affront. insuperable, Lat. insuperabilis, from super, over: not superable, not to be overpassed. inter, Lat. in, in, and terra, the earth: to bury, to inhume. interrupt, Lat. interrumpere, interruptum, to break in upon: to disturb. intuition, Lat. intuitio, insight, from in, and tuere, to look upon: a truth discovered by direct cognition. It is an exact etymological synonym of A.-S. insight. irksome, Scotch irk, to tire or weary: wearisome. of wild behavior. magician, Gr. magikos, priestly, from an Oriental word signifying priest: one skilled in magic. marquis, Fr. marquis, from Ger. mark, a border: a nobleman of a certain rank. mausoleum, Gr. Mausolus, king of Caria, to whom his widow erected a stately monument: a magnificent tomb. meager, A.-S. mäger, Fr. maigre, Lat. macer, lean lean, thin. medallion, Fr. médaillon, from mediæval Lat. medalla, a medal. meet, A.-S. gemet, from metan, to meet, find, come together: fit, proper. ken, n., O. Eng. kennen, to know by melancholy, Gr. melas, black, and sight reach of sight. labyrinth, Lat. labyrinthus, from Gr. laburinthos: any object or arrangement of an intricate or involved form. landscape, A.-S. landscipe, from land, land, and scipe (= suffix ship), shape, form a portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend in a single view, including all the objects it contains. latent, Lat. latens, latentis (pres. p. of latere, to lie hid): hidden secret. legacy, Lat. legare, to appoint by last will: a bequest. lineage, Fr. ligne (=Lat. linea), a line, a race descent in a line from a common ancestor. livid, Lat. lividus, from livere, to be of a bluish color: black and blue, of a lead color, discolored. chole, gall, bile: a gloomy state of mind, a condition which at one time was supposed to result from a superabundance of bile. mercenary, Lat. mercenarius, from merces, wages, reward: acting for reward. mercurial, Lat. mercurialis, having the qualities fabled to belong to Mercury: active, sprightly, changeable. methinks, compound of me (= to me), the indirect object, and thinks, seems, from the A.-S. verb thincan, to seem. The subject of this so-called impersonal verb is the clause following. microscopic, resembling a microscope, and this from Gr. mikros, small, and skopein, to view. moiety, Fr. moitié, Lat. medietas, from medius, middle, half: one of two equal parts. lo, interj., A.-S. lä, from imperative of mosaic, n., Gr. mouseios, belonging to look: behold. locomotion, Lat. locus, place, and motio, motion: the act of moving from place to place. lubbar, equivalent to lubber, from lob: an unwieldy fellow. the Muses: inlaid work. muse, n., connected with Lat. musa, Gr. mousa, from maein, to seek out: lit., in the state of deep thought required by study, or the pursuit of the Muses. |