ber sometimes amounts to several thonsands; and in this manner they perform their journey. These assemblages of men and camels are called Caravans, and are furnished with guides, who, in general, are the parties from whom the Camels have been hired.

THE LLAMA.

THE Llaina is a native of the lofty and mountainous regions of Peru, Chili, and other districts of South America. It is about four feet and a half in height, and in length, from the neck to the tail, nearly six feet. It bears a strong resemblance to the camel, and performs many of the services allotted to that animal, in the countries where it is found. The Llama is of greater importance than even the camel, on account of the length and fineness of its wool.

In the Spanish settlements of South America before the introduction of mules, the Llama was employed in the ploughing of land, and in many parts of those countries it is still used for the conveyance of goods. Like the camel, it lies down to be loaded, but it is self-willed; when tired with labour, no severity will make it proeeed, but kindness and caresses will induce it to rise. There is, however, one peculiarity in the Llama, namely, that it will not travel by night.

Llamas are generally employed in carrying the rich ores from the mines of Potosi. In these journeys, they will sometimes travel four or five days together without repose, and they then rest of their own accord twenty or thirty hours. In travelling during the day-time, they browse wherever they find herbage, and generally spend the night in chewing the end. The weight, however, which a Llama can carry is not greater than what

is carried by an European ass. Its gait is neither a trot nor a gallop, but so exceedingly gentle, that the women prefer the Llama to every other animal for riding. They are pastured in the open fields, and never make any attempt to escape. The wool of the Llama is as soft as silk, and as fine as the wool of our sheep. The animal is generally shorn about the end of June.

The Llama chews the cud, like oxen, sheep, deer, &c., but it differs from other animals of the same kind in the number of its teeth. The nostrils of the Llama consist of a mere slit in the skin, which is opened and shut at pleasure; the lips are thick, the upper one divided, and the lower hanging down a little; they are capable of being opened to a great extent, and pos sess a considerable degree of separate motion. The ears are about four inches long, are sharp and pointed, and move with great quick ness. It is of a greyish mouse colour. Its neck is long and covered with wool, and as its head is always held upright, the animal has an air of nobleness and lightness which nature has refused to the camel. The feet are divided into two toes; the horn of each toe is about an inch and a half long, black and smooth, rounded on the outside, but flat underneath.

Although the Llama is not to be compared to the camel in point of size, strength, or perseverance, yet the Americans find a substi tute in it, for which they have good cause to be grateful. It is one of those animals on which the change of climate appears to have no visible effect, prospering and breeding equally in a hot as in a cold climate: for being naturally provided with a warm covering, it does not require to be housed; and being satisfied with vegetables and grass, it requires for its subsistence neither corn nor hay.

ance, particularly in drink, it having been known to live a very long time without water; in fact, of all animals, it appears to require water the least, being supplied by nature with spittle in so large a quantity, that it spits it out at every occasion, and particularly when it is offended; this spittle seems to be the only means which this harmless creature possesses of showing its resentment. When it is overloaded, or fatigued, or impelled by all the torturing arts of its keeper, it falls on its belly, and pours out against him a quantity of this fluid, of which the Indians in general are very much afraid, as they assert that it is of a poisonous nature, either burning the skin, or causing dangerous eruptions.

When the Llamas are amongst their native mountains, they associate in immense herds on the highest and steepest parts. Here they frequently climb rocks, along which no man has the boldness to follow them, and while the remainder are quietly feeding, one of them is always stationed as a sentinel, on the point of a rock. When this animal observes any one approaching, he gives a kind of neigh, and the herd, taking the alarm, run off with amazing speed. They gallop to a considerable distance, then stop, turn round, and gaze at their pursuers till they come near, and immediately set off again. They outrun all the dogs, so that the natives have no other mode of killing them than with guns.

THE HIND AND THE ROE, TIE HART AND THE ANTELOPE,

THE Hind and the Roe, the Hart and the Antelope, have always been held in the highest estimation by the Orientals, for the voluptuous beauty of their eyes, the delicate elegance of their form, and their

The Hart, which is the Stag or male Deer, is one of those innocent and peaceable animals, that seem made to embellish the forest, and animate the solitudes of nature. The easy elegance of his form, the lightness of his motions, those large branches that seem made rather for the ornament of his head than its defence; the size, the strength, and the swiftness of this beautiful creature, all sufficiently rank him among the first of quadrupeds, among the most noted objects of human curiosity.

The size of the Deer's antlers is in proportion to its age, and they are shed every year: in full-grown animals they are very large, and give an expansion and beauty to the head which is remarkably striking. The growth and extension of these appendages to the head, are affected by several external circumstances; and Buffon thinks it pos sible to retard their growth entirely, by greatly retrenching their food. As a proof of this, we may adduce the fact of the difference between a Stag bred in fertile pastures and undisturbed by the hunter, and one often pursued and illnourished. The former has his head expanded, his antlers numerous, and his branches thick; the latter has but few antlers, and the expansion is but little. The beauty and size of their horns, therefore, mark their strength and vigour; such of them as are sickly, or have been wounded, never shooting out that magnificent profusion so much admired in this animal. Thus the horns may, in every respect, be resembled to a vegetable substance, grafted upon the head of an animal. Like a vegetable they grow from

the extremities; like a vegetable, they are for a while covered with a bark which nourishes them; like a vegetable, they have their annual productions and decay.

The Hart is a ruminating animal, and divides the hoof; it was therefore permitted for food under the Mosaic law; which was, doubtless, a great advantage to the Israelites, the mountainous tracts of Lebanon, Gilead, and Carmel, abounding with Deer, and thus supplying them with a rich provision of food.

Naturally of a hot and arid constitution, the Hart suffers much from thirst in the Oriental regions. He therefore seeks the fountain or the stream with intense desire, particularly when his natural thirst has been aggravated by the pursuit of the hunter. Panting and braying, with eagerness he precipitates himself into the river, that he may quench at once the burning fever which consumes his vitals, in its cooling waters. No circumstance em display more forcibly the ardent breathings of Divine love in the soul of a true believer; and the holy Psalmist has availed himself of it with admirable propriety and effect, in the description of his rehigious feelings, when exiled from the house of God. As the hart panteth after the water-brooks, so panteth my soul after thee, O God.

The Deer seems to resemble the Goat, in being remarkably surefooted, and delighting in elevated situations. To this it adds extraordinary swiftness, and will bound, with agility, more than fifty feet.

The Hind or female Stag, is a lovely creature, and of an elegant shape: she is more feeble than the Hart, and is destitute of horns.-S. Scripture Natural History.

-THE REIN-DEER. THE ancients were only acquainted with this animal through the accounts which they received from Scythians and Germans. They asserted that its colour changed with the objects it fixed eyes on; that it equalled the ox in size, and had only one horn branched in many directions: but though these tales were partial misrepresentations or altogether fabulous, there is no doubt that the name Tarandus was of German or Scythian origin.

A full-grown male of this species in a wild state is the size of a stag, or even superior, but the female is less than the hind; and the tame races, particularly of Lapland, are not much higher at the shoulder than Fallow-deer. In large males the horns are sometimes above four feet long, in the females they are constantly smaller, and the branching parts narrower. There is, however, no species of deer whose horns vary to such an extent; it is difficult to meet two alike.

Compared with others, the Reindeer is heavy and low, resembling a calf; the neck is short; the head carried straight forward in a line with the back; the legs short and stout, and the hoofs very broad, in large individuals not less than those of an Alderney cow, and the tail short; the hair is of two kinds, one close, the other woolly; under the throat it is long, and in winter, long hairs, more or less whitish, spread over the body. The horns are just visible at its birth, and in fifteen days they are an inch high. In the Russian Rein-deer these horns grow more rapidly, and become larger than in the Swedish. The males drop theirs in November, but the females generally keep them till May; the new ones are eight months growing, not being complete till August. Two fawns are usually produced at a birth, and their life extends to about sixteen years.

Rein-deer swim with great fa- | cility, and are so buoyant as to keep half their backs above water; their broad feet, struck with great force, impel them so fast in the strongest currents, and across the broadest rivers, that a boat well manned can scarcely keep pace with them. When defending themselves, they strike downwards with the horns, but do not gore; they kick with violence, and repel the wolf with success; but their most dangerous enemy is the glutton, who is reported to drop down upon them from the branch of some tree while they are off their guard. The feet of the Rein-deer produce a cracking noise; they are furnished with a membrane which is very moveable, and used chiefly in storms of sleet and snow: this habit, together with their scent, guides them with wonderful precision through the most dangerous passes, and in the darkest stormy nights of an arctic winter.

ON THE COVERING OF ANIMALS.

his habitation. Had he been born with a fleece upon his back, although he might have been comforted by its warmth in high latitudes, it would have oppressed him by its weight and heat, as the species spread towards the equator.

"The clothing of many animals, particularly of that large tribe of quadrupeds that are covered with furs, changes of its own accord with their necessities: and it is well known that the fur is much thickened by the approach of Winter; so that what art does for man, Nature, in many cases, does for those animals that are incapable of art. Wool, in hot countries, degenerates, as it is called, but in truth (most happily for the animal's ease), passes into hair."

Naturalists have observed, that bears, wolves, foxes, and hares, which do not take the water, have the fur much thicker on the back than on the breast; and that in the beaver it is thickest upon the breast, and that the feathers of water-fowl are also thickest upon the breast.Cressingham Rectory.

MALS.

These coverings are, in many cases, armour as well as clothing, and intended for protection as well as warmth. Dr Paley says, "The human animal is the only one that is by nature destitute of covering, and the only one that can clothe itself. This is one of the properties which renders him an animal of all climates and of all seasons. He can adapt the warmth or lightness of his covering to the temperature of

I HAVE always great pleasure in seeing the affection which animals have for their offspring, and which sometimes shows itself in an extraordinary and incongruous manner. A hen who has hatched young ducks, will follow them in her agony into the water, and will sacrifice her life to preserve the lives of her chickens. A fox, or rather a vixen, has been known to carry one of her cubs in her mouth, when she has been pursued by hounds; and whoever has seen a dog break into a covey of young partridges, will have had one of the strongest proofs 1 know, of the force of natural affection.

An instance of parental affection