ined and refuted; and the Psalms which refer to him are explained. Lond. 1766, 2 vol. 8vo.

The history of this important publication deserves to be recorded. On the death of George II. Dr. Chandler published a sermon, in which he compared that prince to King David. This produced a pamphlet, in 1761, entitled, "The History of the Man after God's own heart." In this vile production, David is represented as an example of perfidy, lust, and cruelty; fit only to be ranked with such monsters as Nero and Caligula. The author also pretends to be angry with Chandler for the insult of which he had been guilty to the British monarch, in comparing him with the Israelitish king. This attack led Dr. Chandler to publish, next year, “A Review of the History of the man after God's own heart; in which the falsehoods and misrepresentations of the historian are exposed and corrected." In this Review, the character of David is vindicated from many of the aspersions and calumnies with which it had been loaded. and a proper explanation is given of the evils with which it i justly chargeable. Dr. Chandler, however, did not consider this a sufficient answer: and hence he applied his learning and talents with great diligence to the production of the larger work, the title of which is inserted above, and which was nearly finished at the press when he died. It is the most valuable of all his productions, abounding with solid learning, accurate research, and many important and original views. A great number of the Psalms are explained with much more critical acumen than appears in his work on Joel; and the sixtyeighth, in particular, is illustrated in an admirable manner. It is very far superior to the work of Delany on the same subject, and well deserves the consideration both of the friends and the enemies of revelation.

-A Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Galatians and Ephesians; with Doctrinal and Practical Observations; together with a Critical and Practical Commentary on the two Epistles of St. Paul to the Thessalonians. Lond. 1777, 4to.

This is a posthumous work, but considerably superior as a critical performance to that on Joel. It was published from the author's manuscript by the Rev. Nathaniel White, who thus expresses himself respecting it: "The distinguishing excellence of Dr. Chandler's paraphrase seems to be, that the author adheres most closely and constantly to the spirit of the original, keeps the full idea of the inspired writer, and only that as far as he could apprehend it before him, and never steps aside to pick up any hints, however ornamental, which are not directly conveyed, or strongly implied, by the apostle; so that not merely in the text, but in the paraphrase, we find ourselves reading St. Paul himself, though in a language more accommodated to our own conception, and with an illustration which true learning, deep attention to the subject, and an uncommon critical sagacity, Enabled him to afford."

This eulogium is rather higher than the merits of the work would justify. Dr. Chandler's sentiments were too incorrect on some important subjects, to leave him capable of doing full justice to Paul's Epistles. He was an Arian, the effects of which appear in the unnatural coldness of his style on some of those topics, which warmed and elevated the souls of holy men of old, as well as in his perverted interpretation of various passages. He was the author of many other theological performances. The only thing of his, besides what I have noticed, of an exegetical nature, is annexed to a sermon preached in 1749, before the Society for the Widows and Orphans of Dissenting Ministers. It is a very judicious paraphrase on the eighth and ninth chapters of the 2d Epistle to the Corinthians.

CHAPPELOW, LEONARD, Professor of Arabic in the university of Cambridge; born 1683; died 1768.-A Commentary on the Book of Job, in which is inserted the Hebrew text and English translation; with a Paraphrase from the third verse of the third chapter, where it is supposed the metre begins, to the seventh verse of the forty-second chapter, where it ends. Cambridge, 1752, 2 vol. 4to.

H

Chappelow is a disciple of Schultens, to whose learned work he is indebted for much of his criticism. He thinks the book of Job was originally composed in Arabic by Job himself, and afterwards translated into Hebrew, and digested into its present form by one of that nation. The principal design of it, he conceives to be "a vindication of the supreme power of God over every part of the creation." His paraphrase is exceedingly diffuse; but the sentiments in general pretty much accord with the usual interpretation of the text. While the school of Hutchinson improperly excludes the aid of the cognate dialects in the interpretation of the Hebrew Scriptures, that of Schultens, Chappelow, and Grey, is too partial to Arabic etymologies and illustrations; and no part of Scripture furnishes such scope for the exercise of fancy and critical conjecture as the book of Job. Chappelow edited the learned work of Spencer De Legibus Hebraeorum, Cantab. 1727, 2 vol. fol.; and contributed considerably to the advancement of Oriental literature in England.

CHARNOCK, STEPHEN, a learned Nonconformist, who died in 1680.-The Works of the late learned divine, Stephen Charnock, B.D.; being several Discourses upon various divine Subjects. Lond. 1684, 2 vol. fol. 1815, 9 vol. 8vo.

The works of Charnock were published after his death by Mr. Veal and Mr. Adams. They embrace elaborate discourses on the Existence and Attributes of God; on Divine Providence; on Regeneration; on the Doctrine of Reconciliation; on the Death and the Exaltation of Christ; and various other important subjects. None of the writings of Charnock are properly exegetical, and yet they contain a considerable portion of scriptural interpretation, mixed with the most important doctrinal and practical views. His style is generally chaste and easy, remarkably free of that verbosity and clumsiness which so generally belonged to the writers of his class and period. I think Doddridge scarcely does justice to Charnock, by representing his style as incorrect, and his thoughts obscure and badly arranged. Mr. Toplady, on the contrary, eulogizes his work on the attributes in the strongest manner: "Perspicuity and depth; metaphysical

CHEMNITIUS-CHOHELETH.

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sublimity and evangelical simplicity; immense learning, but irrefragable reasoning, conspire to render that performance one of the most inestimable productions, that ever did honour to the sanctified judgment and genius of a human being." The octavo edition of his works was edited by the Rev. Edward Parsons of Leeds.

CHEMNITIUS, MARTIN, a Lutheran divine of this Elaborate wi Brunswick, who died in 1586.-Harmonia Qua- not only a harn tuor Evangelicorum, &c. Francofurti, 1593, 4tovary Opt. edit. Hamburgi, 1704, 3 vol. fol.

This is a most elaborate Harmony, in the composition of which several persons were engaged. Chemnitz began it, Polycarp Lyser continued it from the 52d chapter, and John Gerhard carried it on from the 141st to the end. It has often appeared under the respective names of these writers. The complete work appeared first at Geneva in 1628, fol. It contains, besides the Harmony, an extensive and learned commentary on the Evangelists, which is held in high reputation on the Continent.

CHOHELETH, or the Royal Preacher, a Poem. Lond. 1768, 4to.

This is a poetical translation of the whole book of Ecclesiastes, by an anonymous writer. There are first, some observations on the design of Solomon in writing this book, on the regularity of its plan, and the elegance of its composition. The version then follows, with occasional critical notes on some of the difficult passages. He has studied the meaning and scope of the inspired writer very closely, and the poetical diction possesses considerable spirit and elegance. I quote a few lines from the conclusion of Solomon's description of old age.

To its native dust

This earthly frame returns: the heavenly spark,
That glow'd within, kindled by breath divine,
Instant returns to God. What phrenzy, then,
To let this world, which fleeteth like a shade,
Engage our cares, and no provision make
For that which ever lasts.

but learned com an the 4 forg

H. Hrone

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CLAGETT-CLARIUS—CLARK, S. A.M.

CLAGETT, WILLIAM, a clergyman of the Church of England; born 1646; died 1688.-A Paraphrase and Notes upon the first eight chapters of the Gospel of St. John. Lond. 1693, 8vo.

This Paraphrase appeared at the end of a volume of sermons of Mr. Clagett, published by his brother, Nicholas Clagett. A few divines of the church of England had formed a plan for paraphrasing the whole Bible, which was never completed. Bishop Kidder chose the Pentateuch, and published it. Mr. Clagett selected the Gospel by John; but only finished the first eight chapters. He published his paraphrase on the sixth chapter himself, in 1686; one object of it being to show, that the Eucharist is not discoursed on in that chapter. Mr. Clagett wrote on various theological subjects. Among other things, he attacked Dr. Owen's work on the Spirit. His writings are not of great value, and are now little known.

CLARIUS, ISIDORE, a Benedictine Monk; was born near Brescia, in Italy, in 1495, and died in 1555.—Vulgata editio Veteris et Novi Testamenti, adjectis ex eruditis Scriptoribus scholiis, etc. Venetiis, 1542, 1557, 1564, fol.

In this work, Clarius corrects the Latin Vulgate in some thousand places, and yet admits that he had not corrected all that he might have done. His notes on the Old Testament are chiefly taken from the Annotations of Munster. He is one of the most learned, solid, and useful of the Catholic interpreters; and for his freedoms with the Vulgate, had the first edition of his work put into the Index Expurgatorius. His notes are printed in the Critici Sacri, and by Poole in the Synopsis.

CLARK, SAMUEL, A.M. a learned Nonconformist minister, who died in 1701.-The Old and New Testaments, with Annotations and parallel Scriptures. Lond. 1690, fol.

This work is recommended by Owen, Bates, Baxter, and Howe. Except the parallel Scriptures, however, it does not ap