ed at Paris, in 1753, in 8 vol. 8vo. Houbigant was a very daring critic, bold in conjectural criticism, and free in his remarks on Scripture. The translation is in tolerable Latin, and often improves on the Vulgate; and yet it preserves, in a considerable degree, the style of venerable antiquity which belongs to the Bible. Houbigant is often referred to by Kennicott, Lowth, Newcome, Geddes, and other distinguished critics of modern times. Bishop Watson says, "He anticipated, in some measure, the labours of Kennicott. The Latin version, from its conformity to the idiom of the Hebrew language, is esteemed inelegant ; but it may not, on that account, be less useful." The Pope sent Houbigant two gold medals as a testimony of his approbation of the work. This said a great deal for the liberality of his Holiness, considering the freedom with which the father speaks of the Vulgate.

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HOWE, JOHN, A. M. an eminent Nonconformist minister; born 1630; died in 1705.-Works, with Life, by Calamy. Lond. 1724, 2 vol. fol.-Works, with Life, by the Rev. John Hunt. Lond. 1810 1822, 8 yol. 8vo. Other mucher dever read. There is an extende conceptions He was unquestion Every reader of theology is acquainted with the character and だ merits of Howe's writings. Possessed of the learning of Cudworth, the evangelical piety of Owen, and the fervour of Bax-s ter, with a mind of larger dimensions than what belonged to any of these distinguished individuals, every thing which fell from his pen is worthy of immortality. He delights while he instructs, and impresses while he enlightens. His Living Temple, the Blessedness of the Righteous, Of Delighting in God, the Redeemer's Tears, are among the finest productions of uninspired genius, and must be read with high gratification by every Christian. His style is occasionally rugged and inharmonious, but the sentiment will richly repay the trifling annoyance of its harsh and involved structure. The octavo edition, by Mr. Hunt, is much fuller than the folio one by Calamy, as it contains a number of pieces never before published. It is to be regretted that a more complete life of Howe could not be given.

Huet, Pet. DAN. a learned Frenchman, Bishop of Avranches; was born at Caen in 1630; died 1721. De Interpretatione Libri duo: quorum prior est de optimo Genere Interpretandi; alter de Claris Interpretibus. Parisiis, 1661, 4to.-Demonstratio Evangelica. Ibid. 1690, fol. 3d and best edition.

These are the principal works of one of the most learned and industrious scholars of his day. The first, On the principles of interpretation or translation, is carried on in the form of a dialogue; in which the interlocutors discuss the laws of translation in general, and the particular rules to be observed in translating writings of different classes. In the second book of it, the advantages and disadvantages which have accrued to literature from the practice of translating are considered; a concise account is given of eminent translators, of which those of the Scriptures occupy the first place. There is then notices of the Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac, and Greek translations, and various other important matters. It is an elegant and valuable work, which ought to be studied by every translator of the Scriptures.

His Evangelical Demonstration is a work on the evidences of Christianity, in which he maintains that its truth may be proved by that kind of demonstration which is not less certain than geometrical demonstrations. It is learned, elaborate, and ingenious, but frequently fanciful and injudicious. His title is borrowed from the celebrated work of Eusebius, to which it bears some resemblance.

HUNT, THOMAS, D. D. Laudian Professor of Arabic, Regius Professor of Hebrew, and canon of Christ Church, Oxford; born 1696; died 1774. -Observations on Several Passages in the Book of Proverbs, with two Sermons. Oxford, 1775, 4to.

These observations embrace only twenty-six passages of the book of Proverbs, which discover the oriental learning and sound judgment of Dr. Hunt. Part of this work was printed before his death, and the rest was edited by Dr. Kennicott. The emen

dations of the translation proposed in this volume are generally important, and throw much light on some passages which are attended with considerable difficulty. Dr. Hunt was also the author of two Latin dissertations; one on the utility, elegance, and antiquity of the Arabic; the other on the use of the oriental dialects, especially of the Arabic, in the interpretation of the Hebrew Scriptures. His ideas on this subject are carried sufficiently far.

HURD, RICHARD, Bishop of Worcester; born 1720; died 1808.—An Introduction to the Study of the Prophecies concerning the Christian Church, Lond. 1772, 8vo.

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The discourses, which form this introduction, were delivered at the Warburtonian lecture, and have enjoyed an extensive reputation. Dr. Hurd was a correct, rather than a vigorous writer ; the opposite in these respects, as well as in the milder virtues, to his contemporary and correspondent Warburton. He contends for the double sense of many of the prophecies. On this subject, and on various other principles essential to the right interpretation of the prophetic Scriptures, his work well deserves to be consulted. The whole works of Bishop Hurd were published in London in 1811, 8 vol. 8vo.

Hurdis, James, Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, and Professor of Poetry; born 1763; died 1801.-Select Critical Remarks upon the English version of the First Ten Chapters of Genesis. Lond. 1793, 8vo.-A Short Critical Disquisition upon the True Meaning of the word n, found in Genesis i. 21. Ibid. 1790, 8vo.

Mr. Hurdis contends that the above word, wherever it occurs, signifies the crocodile, and makes some ingenious remarks on the various passages in which it is to be found. His observations on the beginning of Genesis are very judicious. He was also the author of Twelve Dissertations on the Nature and Occasion of Psalm and Prophecy, 1800, 8vo.

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HUTCHESON-HUTCHINSON.

HUTCHESON, GEORGE, one of the ministers of Edinburgh. A brief Exposition on the Twelve Small Prophets. Lond. 1655, 12mo. 1657, fol. An Exposition of the Gospel of Jesus Christ according to John. Ibid. 1657, fol.-An Exposition upon Job, being the Sum of Three Hundred and Sixteen Lectures. Ibid. 1669, fol.-Forty-five Sermons upon the cxxxth Psalm. Edinb. 1691,

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Hutcheson was one of the association of Scotish ministers for publishing short expositions on the Scriptures; and produced the first two articles mentioned above as his part of the plan. Dr. Edmund Calamy, who writes a preface to both these works, calls Hutcheson, by way of compliment, another David Dickson. He is not quite so brief as some others of the class, as the works on the minor Prophets, and John, make a considerable folio volume. They are very excellent pieces of composition, as doctrinal and practical works, in which department all the writers of this class excelled.

HUTCHINSON, JOHN, a learned and singular writer; born 1674 ; died 1737.—Philosophical and Theological Works. Lond. 1748, 12 vol. 8vo.

The works of Hutchinson are entitled to notice, as their author was the founder of a school of philosophy and theology to which some of the most celebrated men of the last century belonged. However absurd many of its speculations seem to be, there must be a plausibility in the leading principles of a system which engaged the attention and support of such men as President Forbes, Bishop Horne, Mr. Parkhurst, and Bishop Horsley. The leading idea of Hutchinson is, that the Hebrew Scriptures contain the elements of all rational philosophy, as well as of genuine religion. That philosophy he opposes to the Newtonian; and hence he wrote his Moses Principia, or a commentary on the Mosaic account of the creation and the deluge. His Moses sine Principio contains an account of the fall, and of other subjects con

nected with it. His work on the confusion of tongues is very ingenious; in which he attempts to prove that it was not a diversity of language, but of religion, which took place at Babel. His Trinity of the Gentiles gives a view of ancient mythology and idolatry, considered chiefly as a corruption of the true religion. In the Covenant of the Cherubim, he gives a view of the perfection of the Hebrew Scriptures, and of the Covenant of the Divine Three for the redemption of man. Hutchinson is an obscure, and at the same time, a most dogmatical and abusive writer. It is often exceedingly difficult to ascertain his meaning, and still more difficult to acquiesce in it when ascertained. That he and his scholars have contributed considerably to the interpretation of the Bible, it would be wrong to deny. They have done a good deal, at the same time, to injure and clog the science of criticism. Their favourite position, that the Scriptures teach philosophy as well as theology—their regarding Hebrew etymologies as the guide to knowledge—their views of covenant engagements among the persons of the Trinitytheir general belief in the purity of the Hebrew text, and opposition to the aids of the ancient versions and oriental dialects, are indefensible; and discover a greater love of hypothesis than is consistent in those who desire only to know, that they may follow, the truth. I do not mean these remarks to apply to all the persons who adopted some of Hutchinson's principles. To the writers mentioned in this article they will apply but to a very limited extent.

The uniform edition of Mr. Hutchinson's works, in 12 vol. 8vo. was edited by Julius Bate and Robert Spearman, Esq. both most ardent admirers and devoted disciples of Hutchinson. There was also published, in a 12mo. vol. 1755, An Abstract from the Works of John Hutchinson, Esq.; being a Summary of his Discoveries in Philosophy and Divinity. I know not by whom this abstract was furnished, if not by the editors of his works. It supplies a very condensed view of the multifarious subjects discussed by Hutchinson, and may be used either as a substitute for his works, or as a key to them. The Edinburgh Reviewers speak of Hutchinson as "possessed of some ability, the founder of a sort of school, and who seems to have inspired