156

DOUGHTY-D'OYLY-DRUMMOND.

great power both of judgment and genius. Such is the eulogium pronounced on his Isaiah by the younger Rosenmüller.

DOUGHTY, JOHN, D. D. an English theologian ; Canon of Westminster; was born in 1598; died in 1672.-Analecta Sacra, sive Excursus Philologici breves super diversis S. Scripturae locis. Lond. 1658, 8vo.

This work of the learned Doughty has been often printed on the continent. In 1693, it was published at Amsterdam in the same volume with the Latin edition of Sir Norton Knatchbull's Animadversions. Doughty endeavours to illustrate various parts of the Old and New Testament by the manners and customs of the ancient Gentiles. He was well acquainted with them; but is more successful in elucidating the Old than the New Covenant Scriptures.

D'OYLY, ROBERT, a clergyman of the Church of England.-Four Dissertations: Of God's permitting the Fall of Adam; of the extraordinary Assistances vouchsafed to the first Publishers of the Gospel; of prophetical Revelation; of the Resurrection of the same body. Lond. 1728, 8vo.

This is a book which contains some original and curious disquisitions, but not always in accordance with received opinions. The discussions are conducted in a manner somewhat similar to those of Delany.

DRUMMOND, Tthe Right hoN. SIR WILLIAM, a Scotish baronet.-Oedipus Judaicus. Lond. 1814, 8vo.

This is without doubt one of the strangest books that has appeared in modern times. I know not, indeed, whether I ought to introduce it, as it was printed, but not published; intended, according to the author, not for "the mob, but for the learned theist." Still, as the book has come abroad, it may not be the

less greedily sought after, because it is of difficult access; and as it presents a great display of oriental learning, and professes to interpret the Bible, I shall be excused for noticing it. After a preface, and some other preliminary matter, in which Sir William uses language as low and unhallowed about the God of Israel as any where occurs in the writings of Payne, and which brought down on that individual the vengeance of the government, follow six Dissertations: on the xlixth chapter of Genesis ; on the xivth chapter of Genesis ; on the Tabernacle and Temple; on the Book of Joshua; a sketch of a commentary on the Book of Judges; and on the Paschal Lamb. The learned baronet gravely maintains that the whole Old Testament is allegorical; and that a great, if not the leading object of it, is to teach a correct system of astronomy. Jacob's prophecies respecting the fates of his sons, according to him, are illustrations of the twelve signs of the zodiac. The battle of the kings, in Gen. xiv. are allegorical representations of the contentions about the changes in the calendar. The tabernacle and temple, he maintains, were types of the universe, but never the dwelling-places of God. All its devices and ornaments were of an astronomical nature. The Red Sea, or im-suph, signified, not a receptacle of waters, but the concave vault of heaven. The passover was instituted as a memorial of the transit of the equinoctial sun from the sign of the bull to that of the ram or lamb!

Such are some of the sublime discoveries respecting the design of revelation nade by Sir W. Drummond. He must be an Oedipus indeed, who can find them in the Scriptures. Nobody can imagine that the author believes them himself. The most charitable construction that can be put upon them is, that much learning has made the author mad; or that he has been making a philosophical experiment to discover how many mad people are in the country. An answer was published, by the Rev. George D'Oyly, in Letters to Sir W. Drummond, 1813, 8vo. To these letters Sir W. condescended to reply. He is the author of several learned works, besides the above, among which is An Essay on a Punic Inscription, 4to. which includes a variety of biblical criticism.

158

DRUSIUS-DUNCAN-DU PIN.

DRUSIUS, JOHN, a learned Dutch divine; Professor of Hebrew at Leyden and Franeker; born 1550; died 1616.-Commentarius in voces Hebraicas Novi Testamenti. Franek. 1616, 4to.Animadversionum libri duo. Lugd. Bat. 1585, 4to. Adnotationes in totum Jesu Christi Testamentum. Franek. 1612, 4to.-Commentarii in plerosque libros Veteris Testamenti. Published at different times, and in various forms.-Proverbiorum Sacrorum classes duae. Franek. 1590, 4to.-Parallela Sacra, seu comparatio locorum Vet. Test. cum iis, quae in Novo citantur. Ibid. 1588, 4to. Libri decem Annotationum in totum Jesu Christi Testamentum. Amst. 1632, 4to.

This learned writer was the author of many critical works on the Scriptures; the chief of which are marked above. The character of all these works stands very high among the continental critics. The greater part of them were republished in the Critici Sacri, and are incorporated in the Synopsis of Poole. The treatise on Sacred Proverbs was republished along with Walton's Prolegomena, by Heidegger, in 1673.

Duncan, RoberT, a minister of the Church of Scotland, who died young.-An Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews. Edinb. 1731, 8vo.

This volume was published after the death of the author, who appears to have been a man of very respectable talents. It may be considered, however, rather as an abridgment of Owen on the Hebrews, than as an original work. It is not, indeed, a professed abridgment; but it everywhere shows the use that the author had made of that elaborate and valuable work.

DU PIN, LEWIS ELLIES, a learned French writer, Doctor of the Sorbonne, and Professor of

Divinity at Paris; born 1657; died 1719.-A New History of Ecclesiastical Writers; containing an account of the authors of the several books of the Old and New Testament; of the lives and writings of the primitive Fathers; an abridgement and catalogue of their works; their various editions, and censures determining the genuine and spurious. Together with a judgment upon their style and doctrine. Also, a Compendious History of the Councils; with Chronological Tables of the whole. Translated from the French. Dublin, 1722-1724, 3 vol. fol.

This is the best edition in English of an exceedingly valuable book. It is scarcely possible to estimate the labour which it must have cost. Some title pages promise more than the works to which they are prefixed perform. This is not the case with the Bibliotheque of Du Pin. Its ample title is very faithfully and ably supported. Besides being an excellent, and, on the whole, an impartial church history, it is literally a library of the ecclesiastical and theological writers of antiquity; containing almost every thing of importance concerning the authors; what they really wrote, and what has been falsely ascribed to them; the best editions of their works, and ample details of the subjects which they embrace, with judicious criticism on their manner of treating them. In a Preliminary Dissertation, he gives a brief but correct account of the several writers of the Old Testament, and of the canonical books which compose it; a history of the Hebrew Text, and of the Septuagint, and the other Greek versions of the Old Testament; notices of some authors whose works have a relation to the Old Testament, such as Josephus, Philo, Justus, Aristeas, &c. An account of the writers of the New Testament, and the writings which compose it, concludes these Prolegomena. The work itself is brought down only to the sixteenth century. He published in French an account of the writers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,

who separated from the Church of Rome; but this has not appeared in English. His Bibliotheque was attacked with great acrimony by Father Simon, a writer fully equal to Du Pin in learning and acuteness, but far inferior to him in personal character. The liberality of his opinions was greatly beyond that of the church to which he belonged; the weight of whose vengeance he was in danger of feeling. The English translation of this great work appears to have been a joint undertaking, in which Dr. W. Wotton performed a principal part. He had the last revision, and wrote the prefaces and dedication. Du Pin wrote many other works, some of which were on the Scriptures. The only other production of his that ought to be mentioned here is, A Complete Method of studying Divinity, or a regular Course of Theological Studies digested into a New Method. Translated from the French. Lond. 1720, 8vo. This work is divided into twenty-eight chapters, in which are discussed a great variety of important topics relating to theology. At the end there is a great number of questions on the subjects of the preceding chapters, with a reference to the best authors in which the subjects are more fully treated. It is a respectable and candid work, considered as the production of a Catholic; and the authors to whom he refers are indiscriminately Catholics and Pro

testants.

Durell, DaviD, D. D. Principal of Hertford College; a native of Jersey; born 1728; died 1775.—The Hebrew Text of the Parallel Prophecies of Jacob and Moses, relating to the twelve tribes; with a translation and notes, and the various lections of near forty MSS. &c. To which are added, the Samaritan Arabic version of those passages, and part of another Arabic version, neither of which have been before printed; a Map of the Land of Promise; an Appendix, containing four Dissertations on points connected with the subject of these prophecies. Oxford, 1764, 4to.-Critical Remarks