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of the Romans yet remaining, one of which is dedicated to the " Rivis." Near the miserable wooden bridges which must be crossed in returning from Portella de Homem, the view of the mountain scenery is unique. At St. João de Campo, is a venda kept by a roughly-speaking, but withal an honest, mountaineer. From St. João, the remains of the place they call Chalcedonia may be visited by any antiquarian, who will find his wits sadly puzzled to discover by whom, and when, it was built; if by the Moors, the only race which ever peopled such airy places, its name is remarkable. Thence the very rugged track can be followed which leads to the caldas. This journey, even if Chalcedonia

be omitted from it, will occupy a long day.

2. Another trip from the Gerez is to the Nossa Senhora d'Abbadia, situated in a remarkably retired spot, on the mountain at the back of the celebrated convent of Bouro; to this place thousands of persons annually resort on the day of our Lady of Abbadia, for whose accommodation, as at Braga, immense buildings have been erected, in the rooms of which all comers may find the accommodation of four walls, during the time of their sojourn, which will vary from two to fifteen days, according to the means and leisure of the different devotees. These

buildings and the road leading to them, with its numerous chapels, are kept in good preservation out of the funds dedicated to the saint of this farfamed place.

3. A third trip from the caldas can be made to Salamonde, and to the two bridges beyond it, one of which, on the road to Montalegre, is very striking; this trip can easily be taken in a day, the distance from the caldas to Salamonde being not more than four leagues. A fearful interest attaches to this bridge, from the slaughter of the French when pursued by Wellington after the taking of Oporto. Every step of the ascent from the Cavado to the road leading to Salamonde, and of the subsequent distance, is overflowing with beauty and magnificence, the Gerez and the valley of the Cavado below being in such striking contrast; the one bold and grand, the other teeming with abundance, and that abundance adorned by trees of every description, from the golden orange to the widespreading oak.

4. A fourth day might be occupied in ascending the mountain and reaching the Burrageiro, but it is an arduous undertaking; nor is the view, whatever Link may say to the contrary, equal to that of the Estrella Mountain, and it is far inferior in extent to

that of the Outeiro-Maior: he, however, who has leisure and good lungs, and a sure-footed beast, may in a day easily go to it and return to the village. Fine specimens of the loadstone (Pedraíman) are sometimes found near the Burrageiro. In this mountain game is plentiful; the wild boar, the wild cat, the roebuck, and the wild goat of a peculiar and large size, are occasionally met with, and killed by the mountaineers; and the wolves would soon destroy the cattle, were they not hunted down so soon as notice (after their arrival) is given for each adult, under a given penalty, to assemble to pursue and exterminate them. Every one with leisure should spend ten days in exploring the many valleys of this enchanting district, which in every respect is superior to Cintra.

5. From the caldas to the Outeiro-Maior, by way of St. João de Campo, Broof Germilde, Britello, Soazo, and Adrão, staying the first night at Britello or Soazo, and ascending the Outeiro early on the following morning: the wildness, difficulty, and beauty of this ride can scarcely be exaggerated, and there is scarcely anything but a hovel to rest in by the way.

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The road to Vianna is perhaps the least attractive of any from Oporto, yet the view from Sta. Lusia, the hill near the town itself, is fine.

The road to Caminha, by the sea-side, is pleasant, and from that town to Valença boats can be procured to sail up the fine, though not deep, river of the Minho, whose scenery increases in variety and splendour the higher its banks are tracked. The fortified town of Valença is said to have been originally "founded by the soldiers of the Roman general Viriatus." It is built on a commanding

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