for righteousness unto all genera- fore the king, Behold also the tions for evermore.

gallows, fifty cubits high, which
Haman had made for Mordecai,
who had spoken good for the

POSTHUMOUS DISGRACE. Deut. xxi, 22, 23. And if a manking, standeth in the house of Haman. Then the king said, So they have committed a sin worthy of death, and he be to be put to Hang him thereon. death, and thou hang him on a hanged Haman on the gallows that he had prepared for Mordetree; His body shall not remain cai. Then was the king's wrath all night upon the tree, but thou shalt in any wise bury him that pacified. day; (for he that is hanged is accursed of God;) that thy land be not defiled, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inherit

ance.

Josh. x, 26, 27. And afterward Joshua smote them, and slew them, and hanged them on five trees: and they were hanging upon the trees until the evening. And it came to pass, at the time of the going down of the sun, that Joshua commanded, and they took them down off the trees, and cast them into the cave wherein

they had been hid, and laid great stones in the cave's mouth, which remain until this very day.

MODES AMONG OTHER
NATIONS.
HANGING.

2 Sam. xxi, 8, 9. But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bare unto Saul, Armont and Mephibosheth, and the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she brought up for Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite: And he delivered them into

Esther ix, 13, 14. Then said Esther, If it please the king, let it be granted to the Jews which are in Shushan to do to-morrow also according unto this day's decree, be and let Haman's ten sons hanged upon the gallows. And the king commanded it so to be done: and the decree was given at Shushan; and they hanged Haman's ten sons.

BURNING ALIVE IN A FURNACE.

ple, nation, and language, which
speak any thing amiss against the
God of Shadrach, Meshach, and
Abed-nego, shall be cut in pieces,
and their houses shall be made
a dunghill; because there is no
other God that can deliver after
Then the king pro-
this sort.
moted Shadrach, Meshach, and
Abed-nego, in the province of
Babylon.

EXPOSURE TO WILD BEASTS.
Dan. vi, 16, 17. Then the king
commanded, and they brought
Daniel, and cast him into the den
of lions. Now the king spake, and
said unto Daniel, Thy God, whom
thou servest continually, he will
deliver thee.
of the den; and the king sealed it
brought, and laid upon the mouth
with his own signet, and with the
signet of his lords, that the pur-
pose might not be changed con-
cerning Daniel.

And a stone was

CUTTING ASUNDER. Dan. ii, 5. The king answered and said to the Chaldeans, The thing is gone from me: if ye will not make known unto me the

dream, with the interpretation thereof, ye shall be cut in pieces, and your houses shall be made a dunghill.

Luke xii, 46 The lord of that servant will come in a day when he looketh not for him, and at an hour when he is not aware, and will cut him in sunder, and will appoint him his portion with the unbelievers.

Heb. xi, 37. They were stoned, sawn asunder, were they were tempted, were slain with the

Dan, iii, 19-26, 29, 30. Then was Nebuchadnezzar full of fury, and the form of his visage was chang ed against Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego: therefore he Gal. iii, 13. Christ hath redeem-spake, and commanded that they ed us from the curse of the law, should heat the furnace one seven being made a curse for us: for it times more than it was wont to be is written, Cursed is every one heated. And he commanded the most mighty men that were in his that hangeth on a tree. army to bind Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, and to cast them into the burning fiery furnace. the king's Therefore, because commandinent was urgent, and the furnace exceeding hot, the flame of the fire slew those men that took up Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego. And these three men, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, fell down bound into the midst of the burning fiery Then Nebuchadnezzar sword. furnace. the king was astonied, and rose up in haste, and spake, and said unto his counsellors, Did not we midst of the fire? They answered cast three men bound into the and said unto the king, True, () king. He answered and said, Lo, I see four men loose, walking in the midst of the fire, and they have no hurt; and the form of the fourth is like the Son of God. Then Nebuchadnezzar came near to the mouth of the burning fiery furnace, and spake, and said, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, ye servants of the most high God, come forth, and come hither. Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, came forth of the midst of the fire. Therefore I make a decree, That every peo855

the hands of the Gibeonites, and they hanged them in the hill before the LORD: and they fell all seven together, and were put to death in the days of harvest, in the first days, in the beginning of barley-harvest.

Esther v, 14. Then said Zeresh his wife and all his friends unto him Let a gallows be made of fifty cubits high, and to-morrow speak thou unto the king that Mordecai may be hanged thereon; then go thou in merrily with the king unto the banquet. And the thing pleased Haman; and he caused the gallows to be made.

Esther vii, 9, 10. And Harbonah, one of the chamberlains said be

PUNISHMENT IN JUDEA
UNDER THE ROMANS.
DECAPITATION.
Matth. xiv, 10. And he sent and

beheaded John in prison

Acts xii, 2. And he killed James, the brother of John, with the sword.

...

CRUCIFIXION.

Matth. xxvii, 31, 32. And after that they had mocked him, they took the robe off from him, and put his own raiment on him, and led him away to crucify him. And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him they compelled to bear his cross

I.

JUDGES OF ISRAEL.

Judges ili 9, 11, 15, 31. And when the children of Israel cried unto the LORD, the LORD raised up a deliverer to the children of Israel, who delivered them, even Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother. And the land had rest forty years: and Othniel the son of Kenaz died. But when the children of Israel cried unto the LORD, the LORD raised them up a deliverer, Eliud the son of

and he also delivered Israel.

Judges iv, 4. And Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lapidoth, she judged Israel at that time. Judges vill. 28... And the country was in quietness forty years in the days of Gideon.

MAGISTRATES.

Judges xv, 20. And he [Samson] judged Israel in the days of the Philistines twenty years.

1 Sam. iv, 18. . . . . . And he [Eli] had judged Israel forty years.

1 Sam. vil, 15-17. And Samuel

Israel in all those places. And his
return was to Ramah; for there
Israel; and there he built an altar
was his house: and there he judged

unto the LORD.

1 Sam. viii, 1, 2. And it came to pass, when Samuel was old, that he made his sons judges over Israel. Now the name of his firstborn was Joel, and the name of his second Abiah: they were judges in Beer-sheba.

served other gods, so do they also
unto thee. Now therefore hearken
unto their voice: howbeit yet pro-
test solemnly unto them, and shew
them the manner of the king that
shall reign over them. And Samuel
told all the words of the LORD

unto the people that asked of him
a king. And he said, This will be
the manner of the king that shall
reign over you; . . . . . And he
will take your fields, and your
vineyards, and your oliveyards,
them to h's servants.
even the best of them, and give
And he

Gera, a Benjamite. a man left Judged Israel all the days of his will take the tenth of your seed, handed: and by him the children life. And he went from year to and of your vineyards, and give to of Israel sent a present unto Eglon year in circuit to Bethel, and Gil- his officers, and to his servants. the king of Moab. And after himal, and Mizpeh, and judged And he will take your men-serwas Shamgar the son of Anath, which slew of the Philistines six Vants, and your maid-servants, and hundred men with an ox-goad: work. He will take the tenth of your goodliest young men, and your asses, and put them to his your sheep; and ye shall be his servants. And ye shall cry out in that day because of your king which ye shall have chosen you; and the LORD will not hear you in that day. Nevertheless the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel; and they said, Nay; but we will have a king over us; That we also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles. And Samuel heard all the words of the people, and he rehearsed them in the ears of the LORD. And the LORD said to Samuel, Hearken unto their voice, And and make them a king. Samuel said unto the men of

Judges X. 1-5. And after Abimelech, there arose to defend Israel, Tola the son of Puah, the

son of Dodo, a man of Issachar, and he dwelt in Shamir, in inbunt Ephraim. And he judged Israel twenty and three years, and died, and was buried in Shamir. And after him arose Jair, a Gileadite, and judged Israel twenty and two years. And he had thirty sons that rode on thirty ass-colts, and they had thirty cities, which are called Havoth-jair unto this day, which are in the land of Gilead. And Jair died, and was buried in Camon.

Judges xii, 7-14. And Jephthah judged Israel six years: then died Jephthah the Gileadite, and was buried in one of the cities of Gilead. And after him Ibzan of Bethlehem judged Israel; And he had thirty sons, and thirty daughters, whom he sent abroad, and took in thirty daughters from abroad for his sons: and he judged Israel seven years. Then died Ibzin, and was buried at Beth-lehem. And after him Elon, a Zebulonite, judged Israel: and he judged Israel ten years. And Elon the Zebulonite died, and was buried in Aijalon, in the country of Ze

Acts xill, 20. And after that he gave unto them judges, about the space of four hundred and fifty years, until Samuel the prophet.

II.
KINGS.

GOD REJECTED AS KING

BY THE NATION.

1 Sam. viii 4-11, 14-22. Then all the elders of Israel gathered themselves together, and came to Samuel unto Ramah, And said unto him, Behold, thou art old, and thy sons walk not in thy ways: now make us a king to judge us like all the nations. But the thing displeased Samuel, when they said, Give us a king to judge us. And Samuel prayed unto the LORD. And the LORD said unto Samuel, hearken unto the voice of the people in all that they say unto thee: for they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected me, that I should not reign over them. According to all the works which they have done since the day that I brought them up out of Egypt even unto this day, wherewith they have forsaken me, and 856

Israel, Go ye every man unto his

city

1 Sam. x, 17-19. And Samuel called the people together unto the LORD to Mizpeh; And said unto the children of Israel, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, I brought up Israel out of Egypt, and delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of all kingdoms, and of them that oppressed you: And ye have this day rejected your God, who himself saved you out of all your adversities and your tribulations; and ye have said unto him Nay, but set a king over us. Now therefore present yourselves before the LORD by your tribes, and by your thousands.

1 Sam. xii, 12, 13, 16, 18-20. And when ye saw that Nalush, the

KINGS SOMETIMES CHOSEN
BY GOD.

Deut.xvii, 14, 15. When thou art
come unto the land which the
LORD thy God giveth thee, and
and shalt
shalt possess it,
dwell therein, and shalt say, 1 will
set a king over me, like as all the
nations that are about me; Thou
shalt in any wise set him king
over thee whom the LORD thy
God shall choose: one from among
thy brethren shalt thou set king
over thee: thou mayest not set a
stranger over thee which is not
thy brother.

1 Sam. ix, 15-17. Now the LORD POWER OF THE ARMY AND had told Samuel in his ear a day before Saul came, saying, To-morrow, about this time, I will send thee a man out of the land of Benjamin, and thou shalt anoint him to be captain over my people Israel.

And when Samuel
saw Saul, the LORD said unto him,
Behold the man whom I spake to
thee of! this same shall reign over
my people.

1 Sam. x, 21, 22. When he had
caused the tribe of Benjamin to
come near by their families, the
family of Matri was taken, and
Saul the son of Kish was taken:
and when they sought him, he
Therefore
could not be found.
they enquired of the LORD further,
if the man should yet come thi
And the LORD answered,
ther.
Behold, he hath hid himself among
the stuff.

1 Sam. xvi, 1--3. And the LORD said unto Samuel, How long wilt thou mourn for Saul, seeing I have rejected him from reigning

over Israel? Fill thine horn with

oil, and go, I will send thee to
Jesse the Beth-lehemite: for I
have provided me a king among
his sons. And Samuel said, How
can I go? If Saul hear it, he will
And the LORD said,
kill me.
Take an heifer with thee, and say,
come to sacrifice to the
I am
LORD. And call Jesse to the sac-
rifice, and I will show thee what
thou shalt do: and thou shalt
anoint unto me him whom Iname
unto thee.

1 Kings 1, 15. And he [Adoniah]
said, Thou knowest that the king
dom was mine, and that all Israel

set their faces on me, that I
should reign: howbeit the king-
dom is turned about, and is be-
come my brother's; for it was his
from the LORD.

made Abner, and the men that throne of David my father, and were with him, a feast.

2 Sam. v, 1, 2. Then came all the

who hath made me an house..

1 Kings ix. 4, 5. And if thou wilt tribes of Israel to David unto walk before me as David thy father Hebron, and spake, Saying, Be- walked, in integrity of heart, hold, we are thy bone and thy and in uprightness, to do accord flesh. Also in time past, when ing to all that I have commandSaul was king over us, thou wasted thee, and wilt keep my statures he that leddest out and brought- and my judgments; Then I will est in Israel and the LORD said establish the throne of thy kingto thee, Thou shalt feed my peo- dom upon Israel for ever, as I ple Israel, and thou shalt be a promised to David thy father, captain over Israel. saying, There shall not fail thee a man upon the throne of Israel.

1 Kings xii, 1. And Rehoboam went to Shechem: for all Israel were come to Shechem to make him king.

Acts xiil. 21. And afterward

1 Chron. xi, 10. These also are the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who strengthened Notwithstanding in thy days I 1 Kings xi. 12, 13. 32, 34-36. themselves with him in his king-will not do it for David thy father's dom, and with all Israel to make sake: but I will rend it out of the him king, according to the word hand of thy son. Howbeit I will of the LORD concerning Israel. not rend away all the kingdom; but will give one tribe to thy son, for David my servant's sake, and for Jerusalein's sake, which I have chosen. (But he shall have one tribe, for my servant David's sake, and for Jerusalem's sake, the city which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel:) Howbeit I will not take the whole kingdom out of his hand: but I will make him prince all the days of his life for David my servant's David the son of Jesse reigned kept my commandments and my 1 Chron. xxix, 26-28. Thus sake, whom I chose, because he over all Israel. And the time statutes; But I will take the kingthat he reigned over Israel was dom out of his son's hand, and forty years; seven years reigned will give it unto thee, even the he in Hebron, and thirty and ten tribes. And unto his son will three years reigned he in Jerusa-I give one tribe, that David my lem. And he died in a good old age, full of days, riches, and

they desired a king: and God gave unto them Saul the son of Cis, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, by the space of forty years.

DAVID.

honour; and Solomon his son reigned in his stead.

Acts xiii, 22. And when he had removed him, he raised up unto them David to be their king; to whom also he gave testimony, and said, I have found David the son of Jesse, a man after mine own heart, which shall fulfil all my will.

COVENANT MADE WITH DAVID.

2 Sam. v, 12. And David perceived that the LORD had estab

lished him king over Israel, and that he had exalted his kingdom for his people Israel's sake.

servant may have a light alway
before me in Jerusalem, the city
which I have chosen me to put
my name there.

1 Kings xv 4. Nevertheless, for
David's sake did the LORD his God
give him a lamp in Jerusalem, to
set up his son after him, and to
establish Jerusalem.

would not destroy Julah for
2 Kings viii, 19. Yet the LORD
David his servant's sake, as he
promised him to give him alway
a light, and to his children.

will establish his kingdom for
1 Chron, xxviii, 7. Moreover, I
ever, if he be constant to do my
ments as at this day.
commandments, and my judg

2 Sam. vi, 12. 13. And it was 2 Chron. vii, 17. And as for thee. if thou wilt walk before me, as told king David, saying, The David thy father walked, and do LORD hath blessed the house of according to all that I have comObed-edom, and all that pertain-manded thee, and shalt observe eth unto him, because of the ark of God. my statutes and my judgments. So David went and brought up the ark of God from 2 Chron. xxi, 7. Howbeit the the house of Obed-edom into the LORD would not destroy the house city of David with gladness. And of David, because of the covenant it was so, that, when they that that he had made with David, and bare the ark of the LORD had as he promised to give a light to gone six paces, he sacrificed oxen him, and to his sons for ever. and fatlings.

wings ii 24. Now therefore, as the LORD liveth, which hath established me, and set me on the

Ps. xviii, 43-45, 50. Thou hast delivered me from the strivings of the people; and thou hast made me the head of the heathen: a

Ps. lxxviii, 70-72. He chose David also his servant, and took him from the sheep-folds: From following the ewes great with Jacob his people, and Israel his young he brought him to feed inheritance. So he fed them according to the integrity of his heart; and guided them by the skilfulness of his hands.

I have made a covenant with my Ps. lxxxix, 3, 4, 19-22, 29, 38, 39. chosen, I have sworn unto David tablish for ever, and build up thy my servant, Thy seed will I esthrone to all generations. Selah. Then thou spakest ia vision to thy Holy One, and saidst, I have laid help upon one that is mighty; I

have exalted one chosen out of the

people. I have found David my hand shall be established; mine servant; with my holy oil have I anointed him: With whom my The enemy shall not exact upon arm also shall strengthen him. him; nor the son of wickedness make to endure for ever, and his afflict him. His seed also will I throne as the days of heaven. But thou hast cast off and abhorred, thou hast been wroth with thine anointed. Thou hast made void the covenant of thy servant; thou hast profaned his crown by cat ing it to the ground.

Ps. cxxxii, 11, 12, 17, 18. The LORD hath sworn in truth unto Of the fruit of thy body will I set David, he will not turn from it; upon thy throne. If thy children will keep my covenant and my testimony that I shall teach them, thy throne for evermore. There their children shall also sit upon will I make the horn of David to bud: I have ordained a lamp for mine anointed. His enemies will

I clothe with shame; but upon himself shall his crown flourish,

ISH-BOSHETH.

2 Sam. ii, 8-10. But Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul's host, took Ish-bosheth the son of Saul, and brought himover to Mahanaiin; And he made him king over Gilead, and over the Ashurites, and over Jezreel, and over Ephraim, and over Benjamin, and over all Israel.

1sh-bosheth, Saul's son, was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and reigned two years: but the house of Judah followed David.

fifth year of Joram the son of Ahab
king of Israel, Jehoshaphat being
then king of Judah, Jehoram the
son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah
began to reign. Thirty and two
years old was he when he began
to reign; and he reigned eight
years in Jerusalem.

AHAZIAH.

2 Chron. xxii, 1, 2. And the in-
habitants of Jerusalem made
Ahaziah his [Jehoram's] youngest
son king in his stead for the band
of men that came with the Arabi-
ans to the camp had slain all the
eldest. So Ahaziah the son of
Jehoram king of Judah reigned.
Forty and two years old was
Ahaziah when he began to reign;
one year in
and he reigned
name
Jerusalem: his mother's
also was Athaliah, the daughter of
Omri.

ATHALIAN.

2 Chr. xxii,10-12. But when Athaliah, the mother of Ahaziah, saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the seed-royal of the house of Judah. But Jehoshabeath, the daughter of the king, took Joash the son of Ahaziah, and stole him from among the king's sons that were slain, and put him and his nurse in a bedchamber. So Jehoshabeath, the daughter of king Jelioram, the wife of Jehoiada the priest, (for she was the sister of Abaziah,) hid him from Athaliah, so that she slew him not. And he was with them hid in the house of God six years: and Athaliah reigned over

the land.

JOASH OR JehoАsh.

2 Kings xii, 1,21. In the seventh year of Jehu, Jehoash began to reign; and forty years reigned he in Jerusalem: and his mother's name was Zibiah of Beer-sheba.

Jozachar the son of Shimeath, and Jehozabad the son of Shomer, his servants, smote him, and he died; and they buried him with his fathers in the city of David: and Amaziah his son reigned in his stead.

AMAZIANI.

king instead of his father Amaziah.

UZZIAH OR AZARIAH,

2 Chron. xxvi, 1-3. Then all the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in the room of his father Amaziah. He built Eloth, and restored it to Judah, atter that the king slept with his fathers. Sixteen years old was Uzziah when he began to reign; and he reigned fifty and two years in Jerusalem: his mother's name also was Jecoliah of Jerusalem.

2 Kings xv, 2. Sixteen years old was he when he began to reign; and he reigned two and fifty years in Jerusalem: and his mother's name was Jecholiah of Jerusa lem.

JOTHAM.

2 Kings xv, 7, 32, 33. So Azariah slept with his fathers; and they buried him with his fathers in the city of David: and Jotham his son reigned in his stead. In the second year of Pekah the son of Remaliah king of Israel, began Jotham the son of Uzziah king of Judah to reign. Five and twenty years old was he when he began to reign; and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem: and his mowas Jerusha, the ther's name daughter of Zadok.

2 Chron. xxvii, 9. And Jotham slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city of David: and Ahaz his son reigned in his stead.

AHAZ.

2 Kings xvi, 1. In the seventeenth year of Pekah the son of Remaliah, Ahaz the son of Jotham king of Judah began to reign.

2 Chron. xxviii, 1. Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign; and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem: but he did not that which was right in the sight of the LORD, like David his father.

HEZEKIAH.

2 Chron. xxviii, 27. And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city, even in Jerusalem; but they brought him not into the sepulchres of the kings of Israel: and Hezekiah his son reigned in his stead.

2 Kings xiv, 1, 2, 17, 21. In the second year of Joash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel, reigned Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah. He was twenty and five 2 Kings xviii, 1, 2. Now it came years old when he began to reign, and reigned twenty and nine years to pass in the third year of lioshea in Jerusalem: and his mother's son of Elah king of Israel, that name was Jehoaddan of Jerusa- Hezekiah the son of Ahaz king of lem. And Amaziah the son of Judah began to reign. Twenty Joash king of Judah lived after and five years old was he when the death of Jehoash, son of Je- he began to reign; and he reigned hoahaz king of Israel, fifteen twenty and nine years in Jerusayears. And all the people of Ju-lem: his mother's name also was dah took Azariah, which was six- Abi, the daughter of Zachariah. 2 Chron. xxxii, 33. And Hezeteen years old, and made him 359