Urdu/Hindi: An Artificial Divide: African Heritage, Mesopotamian Roots, Indian Culture & Britiah ColonialismIn a blow against the British Empire, Khan suggests that London deliberately set India's Hindu and Muslim populations against each other in the 1800s by artificially splitting their one language in two, then burying the evidence in obscure scholarly works outside the public view. "Divide and rule" - the British were experts at that. All language is political - and so is the boundary between one language and another. The author analyzes the origins of Urdu, one of the earliest known languages, and propounds the iconoclastic views that, (1) Hindi came from pre-Aryan Dravidian and Austric-Munda (rooted in the Middle East/Mesopotamia), not from Aryan Sanskrit, and (2) Hindi's script came from the Aramaic system, similar to Greek. Urdu/Hindi: An Artificial Divide integrates the "out of Africa" linguistic evolution theory with the fossil linguistics of the Middle East, and discards the theory that Sanskrit descended from a hypothetical proto-Indo European language and by degeneration created dialects, Urdu/Hindi and others. It shows that several tribes from the Middle East created the hybrid by cumulative evolution. The oldest groups, Austric and Dravidian, starting in 8000 BC, provided the grammar/syntax plus about 60% of vocabulary, Sanskrit added 10% after 1500 BC and Arabic/Persian 20-30% after AD 800. The book reveals Mesopotamia as the linguistic melting pot of Sumerian, Babylonian, Elamite, Hittite-Hurrian-Mitanni, with a common script and vocabularies shared mutually and passed on to Indo-European, Sanskrit, Dravidian, Arabic and then to Hindi/Urdu; in fact the author locates oldest evidence of Sanskrit in Syria. The book exposes the myths of Sanskrit or Hebrew as "revealed" languagesand examines the fiction of linguistic races, i.e. Aryan, Semitic. The book supports the "one world concept" and reveals the potential of Urdu/Hindi to unite all genetic elements, races and regions of the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent. Khan bolsters his hypothesis with copious technical linguistic examples and quotes masters of Urdu/Hindi prose and poetry of the last three centuries, showcasing the passionate expressiveness of the language. * Abdul Jamil Khan, MD, served as chairman of a teaching hospital and as a professor of pediatrics he taught infant speech development in New York. From there, his research has extended into linguistics and history. His impetus stems from his early education, as he learned six languages by 10th grade and had to face political claims regarding "Divine Arabic" and "Divine Sanskrit," and experienced the tragedies of the British division of India and its language. |
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Contents
3 | |
9 | |
11 | |
13 | |
33 | |
59 | |
Chapter IV AustricMundaDravidian and Oldest HindiUrdu | 83 |
Chapter V SanskritPrakrit and OldUrduHindi | 109 |
British Bengal | 225 |
Chapter XI Partition of Language Land and Hearts | 253 |
Chapter XII Urdu through the 20th Century | 275 |
Chapter XIII Hindis Evolution through the 20th Century | 295 |
A Show Biz Power | 315 |
Chapter XV UrduHindi of America and the World | 333 |
Common Origin | 347 |
Chapter XVII Mesopotamian Realism and ReClassification | 363 |
New Substrates from the Middle East | 133 |
Chapter VII Language of Saints and Sultans | 153 |
Chapter VIII Secular Moghuls and Secular Language | 171 |
Official Language of British India | 197 |
Bibliography | 389 |
Index | 397 |
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Common terms and phrases
19th century agglutinating Akhtar Aligarh Allahabad ancient and/or Arabic Arabic-Persian Aramaic Aryan Asia Austric Austric-Munda Bengali Bombay British Celtic Chandra chapter consonants created culture Delhi dialects Dravidian earlier East Elamite English evolution example famous film flexion focused follows Ghalib ghazal grammar Greek guage Gujrat hain Hasan Hindi Hindus and Muslims Hittite hybrid India inflected Iqbal Islamic Jalibi Khan Khari boli king Lahore language later Latin linguistic literature Lucknow meaning Merritt Ruhlen Mesopotamia modern Moghul Munda mushairas Muslim Nagari nahein North oldest Pakistan Persian Persian-Arabic phase phonemes poetry poets political Prof prose Punjab Quran religion religious reveals root S. K. Chatterji Sanskrit scholars script secular Semitic Shah Sindhi Sir Syed South speech subcontinent Sumerian syntax Table themes translation Urdu Urdu language Urdu’s Urdu/Hindi Vedic verbs vocabulary vowels West Asian words writers
Popular passages
Page 365 - ... possibly have been produced by accident; so strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists: there is a similar reason, though not quite so forcible, for supposing that both the Gothick and the Celtick, though blended with a very different idiom, had the same origin with the Sanscrit; and the old Persian might be added to the same family, if this were the place for discussing any question...
Page 258 - I shall work for an India in which the poorest shall feel that it is their country in whose making they have an effective voice; an India in which there shall be no high class and low class of people; an India in which all communities shall live in perfect harmony.
Page 258 - You are free: you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other place of worship in this state of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion or caste or creed; that has nothing to do with the business of the state.
Page 365 - The first discourse, which is the third of the series in which they were delivered, begins with the HINDUS. The civil history of the inhabitants of India, beyond the middle of the nineteenth century from the present time, is enveloped in a cloud of fables. Facts, strengthened by analogy, may lead us to suppose the existence of a primeval language in Upper India, which may be called Hindi, and that the Sanscrit was introduced into it, by conquerors from other kingdoms in some very remote age.
Page 17 - Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists...
Page 136 - Further, the language is divided into a neglected vernacular one, only in use among the common people, and a classical one, only in use among the upper and educated classes, which is much cultivated, and subject to the rules of grammatical inflection and etymology, and to all the niceties of grammar and rhetoric.
Page 136 - ... neglected vernacular one, only in use among the common people, and a classical one, only in use among the upper and educated classes, which is much cultivated, and subject to the rules of grammatical inflection and etymology, and to all the niceties of grammar and rhetoric. Besides, some of the sounds (consonants) of which the language is composed are neither identical with the sounds of Arabic and Persian, nor resemble them in any way. Our tongue and uvula could scarcely manage to correctly...
Page 365 - Devanagari may not be so ancient as the monumental characters in the caverns of Jarasandha, that the square Chaldaic letters, in which most Hebrew books are copied, were originally the same, or derived from the same prototype, both with the Indian and Arabian characters: that the Phenician, from which the Greek and Roman alphabets were formed by various changes and inversions, had a similar origin...
Page 126 - And merriment ;• let a man borrow money From all his friends and feast on melted butter. How can this body when reduced to dust Revisit earth ? and if a ghost can pass To other worlds, why does not strong affection For those he leaves behind attract him back...
Page 18 - I can only declare my belief that the language of Noah is irretrievably lost. After diligent search I can not find a single word used in common by the Arabian, Indian, and Tartar families, before the intermixture of dialects occasioned by the Mohammedan conquests.