...... 322 PAR-Pars-Pater-Patior-Pax...... Pleo-Plico-Poena-Pono.. Populus-Porto-Prehendo-Premo. Pretium-Probus--Puto. Salio-Scando-Scindo-Scio-Scribo-Seco ....... Signum Similis-Sine-Sisto-Socius. ..... ib. TANGO Tendo-Teneo Testes-Torqueo-Traho-Tribus-Trudo INTRODUCTION. IT has been thought adviseable, 1st, to draw the Reader's attention to the Particles derived from the Saxon, and which enter into the composition of our most familiar words; and, 2dly, to give a synopsis of the Latin Prepositions. FIRST. Of the particles derived from the Saxon there are many which are never employed out of composition, and which have, therefore, been termed inseparable prepositions. The import of these, and of some separable prepositions, when prefixed to other words, is as follows: A, signifies on or in, as afoot, ashore, abed; that is, on foot, on shore, in bed. Sometimes it converts a verb into an adjective, as asleep, awake, athirst. After, denotes posteriority of time, as afternoon, after times. Be, is said to signify about, as besprinkle, bestir; that is, stir about. Be, also, seems to signify for or before, as bespeak; that is, speak for, or speak before *. The real office of be is probably to communicate, or deeply involve in, an action, thing, or quality, as, bedaub, bewilder, bewail, belove, (seldom used but in the participle beloved). Be, in behead, seems a privative. The prepositions a and en appear to have the same import, in verbal composition, as be; portion, apportion; tune, attune; certain, ascertain; camp, encamp; battle, embattle. B En or em, is often confounded with the Latin in, and French en. En is the usual termination of a Saxon verb, as heighten, lengthen, from height, length; it is also used as a prefix, giving to a word the force of a verb, as enable, that is, to make able; encourage, to make courageous, to inspire courage; enrage, to put in a rage; embitter, to make bitter. In one word, enlighten, it is both prefix and termination. For, implies negation or privation, as forbid, forsake ; that is, not bid, not seek. Fore, signifies before, as foresee; that is, see beforehand forefoot, forefather; the opposite is hind, as hindfoot. Gain, is a contraction of against, as gainsay, or contradict. Mis, denotes ill, defect, or error, as mistake; that is, take wrongly. This word is said to be derived from the Saxon mis, or Gothic missa, a fault or defect; bence, probably, the English to miss. Over, denotes eminence or superiority, as overcome, overthrow, overlook: it also signifies excess, as overhasty, or too hasty. Figuratively, overhear, overtake. Out, signifies excess or superiority, as outdo, outrun. Un, before an adjective, denotes negation or privation, as unworthy, not worthy before verbs, it denotes the undoing or destroying of the energy or act, as unsay; that is, retract what you have said. Up, denotes motion upwards, as upstart; rest in a higher place, as uphold; sometimes subversion, as upset. With, signifies against, as withstand; that is, stand against; from or back, as withhold, that is, hold from, or back; withdraw, or draw back. Under, implies inferiority or defect, as underdo, undersell. Figuratively, undergo, understanding, undertake. SECONDLY.-Prepositions from the Latin. A, ab, abs, from or away, as abstain; that is, keep from. Ad, ac, af, al, ap, to or at, as adhere, to stick to; accompany, to be company to; affix, to fix to; allot, to lot to; appertain, to pertain to. Ante, before, as antecedent, going before. Circum, about, as circumspect, looking about. Con, com, co, col, cor, (for cum,) with or together, as condole, lament together; commotion, a motion with (others); co-operate, work together; colleague, one leagued with (another); correlative, relative with (another). Contra, against, as contradict, speak against. De, down or from, as deject, cast down; depart, part from. Di, dis, asunder, as distract, draw asunder. In many words dis seems to denote something stronger than mere negation or privation, as disinter; that is, take ont of the grave; displease, that is, give pain*. E, ec, ef, ex, out of, as eject, cast out; eccentric, from the centre; efface, to put from the face; exclude, shut out. Extra, without, beyond, out of; as extravagant, wandering beyond. In, written also ig, il, im, and ir, has two meanings; 1. * "As un commonly undoes or takes away, so dis denies or divides. Some verbs admit either privative. For, though while one generally takes away a positive action, and the other communicates a negative one, the ideas must nearly coincide; yet, no less certainly may they often be discriminated, un commonly denoting the literal, and dis the figurative privations. Thus to unpeople, unburden, uncover, is literally to remove the people, the burden, the cover; whereas, to dispeople, (or depopulate,) to disburden, to discover, are the figurative opposites of, to people, to burden, to cover. We unclose our lips in order to disclose or disburden our minds.— Unarmed denotes simply without arms; disarmed denotes the privation of arms.' "Grant. In,into, or on, as influx, a flowing in; insight, a seeing into; impress, to press on. 2. Not, as ignoble, not noble; illegal, not legal; immoral, not moral; inactive, not active; irregular, not regular. Inter, among or between, as intervene, come between. In interdict, or forbid, it has a negative effect. Intro, within, as introduce, lead in. Ob, opposition, as cbject, cast against; obstacle, that is, something in opposition. Per, through, throughout, thoroughly, as pervade, pass through; perfect, thoroughly done. Pre, before, as prepare; that is, to make ready before hand. Post, after, as postscript, written after. Pro, forth, forward, as promote, move forward; produce, bring forth. Præter, past or beyond, as preternatural, beyond the course of nature. Re, again or back, as reprint, print again; repay, pay back. Retro, backwards, as retrograde, going backwards. Sub, sup, under, as subscribe, write under; suppress to press under. Super, above or over, as superadd, add over or above. Trans, or tra, signifies over or beyond, as transgress, go over or beyond; it also denotes from one place to another, as transplant, transpose, Ultra, beyond, as ultramarine, beyond the sea. |