Legislature. The Senate consists of thirty-two members, who are elected for two years, one from each senatorial district. The Assembly consists of one hundred and twenty-eight members, elected annually. The pay of Senators and Representatives is $3 per day, and $1 for every 10 miles' travel. JUDICIARY. 1. Court for the Trial of Impeachments. This court is composed of the President of the Senate (who is president of the court, and when absent the chief judge of the Court of Appeals presides), the Senators, or the major part of them, and the judges of the Court of Appeals, or the greater part of them. It is a court of record, and, when summoned, meets at Albany, and has for its clerk and officers the clerk and officers of the Senate. If the Governor is impeached, the Lieutenant-Governor cannot act as a member of the court. Two thirds of the members present must concur for conviction. The judgment of the court extends only to removals from or disqualifications for office, or both; the party being still liable to indictment. 2. The Court of Appeals. This court has full power to correct and reverse all proceedings and decisions of the Supreme Court, or of the old Supreme Court and Court of Chancery. It is composed of eight judges, of whom four are elected (one every second year) by the people at large, for eight years, and four selected each year from the justices of the Supreme Court having the shortest time to serve. These selections are made alternately from the first, third, fifth, and seventh, and from the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth judicial districts. The judge (of the four chosen at large) whose term first expires presides as chief judge. Six judges constitute a quorum. Every cause must be decided within the year in which it is argued, and, unless reargued, before the close of the term after the argument. Four terms must be held each year, and every two years there must be one term in each judicial district. Each judge has a salary of $2,500 per annum. The court for 1852 is thus constituted: : Selected from the Justices of the Supreme Court to serve until Dec. 31, 1853. Nathan B. Morse, of Brooklyn, Charles Mason, of Hamilton, John Willard, of Saratoga Springs. Moses Taggart, of Buffalo. Henry R. Selden, of Rochester, State Reporter. Salary, $2,000. 3. Supreme and Circuit Courts. The Supreme Court has general jurisdiction in law and equity, and power to review judgments of the County Courts, and of the old Courts of Com mon Pleas. For the election of the justices, the State is divided into eight judicial districts, each of which elects four to serve eight years, with an annual salary of $2,500. In each district one justice goes out of office every two years. The justice in each district whose term first expires, and who is not a judge of the Court of Appeals, is a presiding justice of the court, and the clerks of the several counties serve as clerks. At least four general terms of the Supreme Court are held in each district every year. Every county has each year at least one special term, and two Circuit Courts. Any three or more of the justices (including one presiding justice) hold the general terms; and any one or more hold the special terms, at which are heard all equity cases, and Circuit Courts, which are held exclusively for the trial of issues of fact. Justices of the Supreme and Circuit Courts. Justices. Residence. Term expires. When the real estate, or all the defendants, or all the parties interested, are in the county, the jurisdiction of the County Courts extends to actions of debt, assumpsit, and covenant, when the debt or damages claimed are not above $2,000; to actions for injury to the person or trespass upon property, where the damages are not above $500; and to replevin suits, where the property claimed is not above $1,000. They have equity jurisdiction for the foreclosure of mortgages; for the sale of the real estate of infants; for partition of lands; for admeasurement of dower; for the satisfaction of judgments where above $75 is due on an unsatisfied execution; and for the care and custody of lunatics and habitual drunkards. The Surrogates' Courts have the ordinary jurisdiction of courts of probate. 5. Criminal Courts. These are the Courts of Oyer and Terminer and the Court of Sessions. The Courts of Oyer and Terminer, in each county, except in the city and county of New York, are composed of a justice of the Supreme Court, who presides, the county judge, and the two justices of the peace chosen members of the Court of Sessions. The presiding justice and any two of the others form a quorum. In the city and county of New York, they are composed of a justice of the Supreme Court, who presides, and any two of the following officers: judges of the Court of Common Pleas of the city and county; the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of said city. These courts are all held at the same time and place at which the Circuit Courts are held. Courts of Sessions are composed of the county judge and the two justices of the peace designated as members of the Court of Sessions, and are held at the same time and place as the County Courts. Alex. W. Bradford, Surrogate. Salary, $3,000. Term expires Dec. 31, 1855. Marine Court.† Edward E. Cowles, Judge. Salary, $2,000. Term expires 2d Tuesday in May, 1853. James Lynch, Recorder. Francis R. Tillou, 66 City Judge. Education. The amount of capital and annual revenue of the several funds appropriat. ed to the purposes of education, for the year ending September 30, 1851, was as follows: Common Schools. Of the funds devoted to education, what was exclusively the Common School Fund in 1850 may be stated as follows: Productive capital of the School Fund, $2,290,673.33 Amount from United States Deposit Fund which will produce $165,000, the sum annually appropriated therefrom, for the support of Common Schools, at six per cent. interest, 2,750,000.00 Sum reserved by the constitution to be added annually to the capital of the 25,000.00 Making a total of $5,065,673.33 * Judges Mason, Duer, and Campbell attend only to suits transferred from the Supreme Court, which court is empowered to transfer pending suits, by order, to the Superior Court. † Albert A. Thompson, Alfred A. Phillips, and Florence McCarthy are elected judges of this court from May, 1853. The annual interest on this sum, at six per cent., is $303,340.39. The balance of the income of the United States Deposit Fund is appropriated to the support of Colleges, Academies, the Normal School, Indian Schools, Teachers' Institutes, &c. The income of the Literature Fund must, by the constitution, be applied to the support of Academies. The whole amount of public money received from all sources by the Commissioners of cities, and town Superintendents, during the year ending July 1, 1851, was $1,052,923.70. Apportioned for teachers' wages, $854,422.33; for libraries, $95,698.50. Leaving a balance apportioned for contingent expenses of $ 102,802.87. The amount paid for teachers' wages, besides public money, was $522,786.07. Aggregate expenditures for school purposes during the year, $1,884,826.16. Statistics of the Common Schools for the Year ending July 1, 1851. Whole number of districts, the school-houses of which are situated within the town, 11,479. Number of whole districts in the State, 8,507. Number of parts of districts, 5,651. Returns were received from 8,318 whole and 5,524 parts of districts. Average length of schools in all the districts, 7.17 months. Volumes in district libraries, 1,507,077. 800,430 children were taught during the year. 753,047 were returned between 5 and 16 years of age. 196,561 pupils attended school less than 2 months; 212,578 attended 2 months and less than 4; 170,005, 4 and less than 6; 110,981, 6 and less than 8; 59,962, 8 and less than 10; 43,306, 10 and less than 12; and 7,037 attended school for 12 months. There are 5,305 colored children between 5 and 16 in the 105 colored schools. $829.14 of public money were appropriated to these schools, and, besides public money, $1,923.25 were paid for teachers' wages. Number of incorporated, select, and private schools in the districts, 2,277. Number of pupils therein, 45,840. There are, besides, schools for the instruction of Indian children in the several reservations. About 250 attend the Normal School annually, from all sections of the State. Jan. 1, 1851, there were 226 pupils in the school, 77 males and 149 females. The whole number of graduates is 494, 276 males and 218 females. In this school the past year nine Indian youth, 6 males and 3 females, were taught, to prepare them for teachers among their own people. There has been a diminished interest in regard to teachers' insti tutes. FINANCES. Debt of the State. -The general fund and railroad debt, at the close of the fiscal year ending September 30, 1851, was $6,389,693.32, and the canal debt at the same period was $15,301,109.16; making an aggregate of $21,690,802.48, - -on which accrues, annually, nearly $1,230,000 interest. There is also a contingent debt, consisting of State stock and comptroller's bonds, of $933,036.13, upon which the State does not pay interest. This will make the total indebtedness of the State $22,623,838.61. The property of the State, in addition to the educational funds mentioned above, consists of the works of internal improvement, which, at their cost valuation (i. e. the amount expended upon them to date), are worth $35,115,237.75. But the whole amount of tolls derived from them during the year was $3,254,051.71,-which gave, after deducting expenses, the net income of $ 2,650,206.49. This is six per cent. interest upon $ 44,170,108, which may be taken as the worth of the works of the State. The average net annual income for the last five years is $2,518,044.87, which is equal to a capital of $ 41,967,414.50, at six per cent. interest. The amount of debt incurred for their construction, and yet unpaid, is, as stated above, $ 15,301,109.16. The taxable property of New York, in 1848, was $727,494,583.26, being $571,690,807, the assessed value of 27,912,076 acres of real estate, and $153,183,486 of personal estate. The State and county taxes were $4,892,051.51; the town taxes, $1,420,735.82. Total taxation, $6,312,787.33,- making the rate of State, county, and town taxes, 8.6 mills on a $1.00 valuation. The highest rate was 25.7 mills on $1.00, in Hamilton County; the lowest 3.1 mills, in Ontario and Putnam Counties. General Fund, on which are charged the ordinary Expenses of Government. Revenue for the year ending September 30, 1851, Expenditures for the same period, $925,836.10 910,082.23 $ 15,753.87 54,521.28 $38,767.41 Sales of land, Arrears of county taxes, 1,875.00 Reformation of juvenile delinquents, 8,000.00 479.47 County taxes, redemptions, County Treasurers, 200,000.00 State printing, 320,165.87 Deaf and dumb, 5,080.61 Blind, Redemption of land sold for taxes, 102,430.99 Agricultural societies, . Interest on arrears of county taxes, 27,719.35 Onondaga Salt Springs, 93,694.35 24,894.55 121,443.24 25,800.00 12,361.19 7,358.00 30,000.00 68,010.13 5,949.98 3,665.87 22,500.00 Military to aid Sheriffs, . 500.00 State Library, Banking Department, 21,517.57 Postage, Miscellaneous receipts, . 11,324.42 Hospital, New York, House of Refuge for Western N. Y., 18,000.00 Principal Items of Expenditure. Executive, $57,985.11 Orphan Asylums in State, Judiciary, 99,076.81 New York Arsenals, Legislature, 20,000.00 5,500.00 2,002.32 898.74 54,660.74 Commissary's department, Bank Fund. This fund was made up by annual contributions from the incorporated safetyfund banks, of one half of one per cent. on their respective capitals, and was by law appropriated to the payment of the debts of such banks, liable to contribute the same, as should become insolvent. The fund has been exhausted, and there are $721,330.11 of six per cent. stock now outstanding, to meet the wants of the fund, which stock, except $59,450.54 now in the treasury, or invested, is to be provided for out of the future contributions by the banks to the fund. The whole circulation redeemed for insolvent banks is $1,503,740.64; debts paid, $1,028,684.43; making a total of $2,586,425.07 that has been charged upon the bank fund. The aggregate amount of contributions from the incorporated banks due the State up to Jan. 1, 1866, when all their charters expire, is $994,225.60. The notes of every insolvent safety-fund bank which has failed have been redeemed. There are now 71 of these incorporated banks in operation, and one branch, whose aggregate capital, Dec. 30, 1851, amounts to $27,168,260. Circulation to which they are entitled, $ 21,764,370. Actual circulation, $ 19,862,602. Free Banks. -The Free Bank Fund consists of bonds and mortgages, and stocks deposited with the Comptroller, and moneys received on the same and held by him, for the redemption of the circulating notes issued by banks and individual bankers, under the General Banking Law. The whole number of associations is 95, of individual bankers, 77; in all, 172, whose aggregate circulation, Dec. 1, 1851, was $ 15,671,004, and whose whole amount of securities deposited was $16,822,714.85. Thirty-seven banking associations and individual bankers deposited securities and commenced business during the year 1851. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, New York. - Number of pupils Dec. 31, 1850, 227; 128 males, 99 females. Of these 160 were supported by New York; 16 by the city of New York; 13 by New Jersey; 24 by their friends; 1 by the Commissioners of Emigration; and 12 by the Institution. The time of admission is the first Wednesday in September; terms, $130 per annum for each pupil, clothing and travelling expenses excepted, to be paid semiannually in advance, and satisfactory security for punctual payment of bills and clothing, which, if desired, is furnished by the Institution at an additional charge of $30 a year. The receipts of the Institution from all sources for the year were $39,216.39. Expenditures, $39,482.98. Due the treasurer, $266.59. Institution for the Blind, New York. - For the year 1849 there were 135 pupils, of whom 32 had passed through the usual course at the Institution, and supported themselves there by various employments connected with it. 90 are supported by New York; 5 by New Jersey ; 5 by friends; 2 by the Commissioners of Emigration; and 1 by the Institution. Receipts |