ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOCIAL

INCLUDING

ALL SOCIAL-REFORM MOVEMENTS AND ACTIVITIE NOMIC, INDUSTRIAL, AND SOCIOLOGICAL FACTS

OF ALL COUNTRIES AND ALL SOCIAL S

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOCIAL REFORM

INCLUDING

ALL SOCIAL-REFORM MOVEMENTS AND ACTIVITIES, AND THE ECO-
NOMIC, INDUSTRIAL, AND SOCIOLOGICAL FACTS AND STATISTICS,
OF ALL COUNTRIES AND ALL SOCIAL SUBJECTS

EDITED BY

WILLIAM D. P. BLISS, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

AND

RUDOLPH M. BINDER, PH.D., ASSISTANT EDITOR

WITH THE COOPERATION OF MANY SPECIALISTS

INCLUDING AMONG OTHERS

Jane Addams, Percy Alden, M.P., Dr. S. J. Barrows, E. W. Bemis, Ph.D., Hon. W. J. Bryan, Rt. Hon.
John Burns, Prof. J. R. Commons, Ernest Crosby, Edward T. Divine, Ph.D., Dr. S. W. Dike,
Wm. Lloyd Garrison, W. J. Ghent, Cardinal Gibbons, Prof. F. H. Giddings, Samuel
Gompers, Earl Grey, Pres. A. T. Hadley, Stewart D. Headlam, Prof. C. R. Hender-

son, Morris Hillquitt, F. L. Hoffman, Robert Hunter, Pres. D. S. Jordan, Benjamin
Kidd, Prof. S. M. Lindsey, Edwin Markham, John Mitchell, Frank Parsons, Edward

R. Pease, Rt. Hon. Horace Plunkett, Upton Sinclair, Hon. Oscar S. Straus,

Dr. Josiah Strong, Dr. Graham Taylor, Frank H. Vizetelly, J. De Witt
Warner, Dr. Booker T. Washington, Sidney Webb, Dr. Clinton

R. Woodruff, Hon. Carroll D. Wright, Prof. C. Zueblin

NEW EDITION

FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY

NEW YORK AND LONDON

1908