the chestnut trees like his branches, nor any tree in the garden of God like unto him in beauty. In England the Cedar of Lebanon appears to have become quite naturalized. There it is considered by far the most ornamental of all the Pine tribe,-possessing, when full grown, an air of dignity and grandeur beyond any other tree. To attain the fullest beauty of development, it should always stand alone, so that its far-spreading horizontal branches can have full room to stretch out and expand themselves on every side. Loudon, in his Arboretum, gives a representation of a superb specimen now growing at Sion House, the seat of the Duke of Northumberland, which is 72 feet high, 24 in circumference, and covers an area, with its huge depending branches, of 117 feet. There are many other Cedars in England almost equal to this in grandeur. Sir T. D. Lauder gives an account of one at Whitton, which blew down in 1779: it then measured 70 feet in height, 16 feet in circumference, and covered an area of 100 feet in diameter. To show the rapidity of the growth of this tree, he quotes three Cedars of Lebanon, which were planted at Hopetoun House, Scotland, in the year 1748. The measurement is the circumference of the trunks, and shows the rapid increase after they have attained a large size. A Chestnut measured at the same periods, only increased 2 7 Ezekiel xxxi. From the above table, it will be seen how congenial even the cold climate of Scotland is to the growth of this tree. Indeed in its native soils, the tops of the surrounding hills are almost perpetually covered with snow, and it is, therefore, one of the very hardiest of the evergreens of the old world. There is no reason why it should not succeed admirably in many parts of the United States; and when we consider its great size, fine dark green foliage, and wide spreading limbs which Overarching, frame SHELLEY. as well as the many interesting associations connected with it, we cannot but think it better worth our early attention, and extensive introduction, than almost any other foreign tree. Evergreens are comparatively difficult to import, and as we have made the experiment of importing Cedars of Lebanon from the English nurseries with but indifferent success, we would advise that persons attempting its cultivation should procure the cones containing the seeds from England, when they may be reared directly in our own soil, which will of course be an additional advantage to the future growth of the tree.* The situations found to be most favorable to this Cedar, in the parks and gardens of Europe, are sandy or gravelly soils, either with a moist subsoil underneath, or in the neighborhood of springs, or bodies of water. In such places it is found to advance with a rapidity equal to the Larch, * The finest Cedar of Lebanon in the Union, is growing in the grounds of T. Ash, Esq., of Westchester Co., N. Y., being 50 feet high and of corresponding breadth. It stands near a Purple-leaved Beech, equally large and beautiful. one of the fastest growing timber trees, as we have already noticed. The Deodara, or Indian Cedar (Cedrus Deodara), is a magnificent species of this tree, recently introduced from the high mountains of Nepal and Indo-Tartary. It stands the climate of Scotland, and appears likely to succeed here wherever the Cedar of Lebanon will flourish. In its native country it is described as being a lofty and majestic tree, frequently attaining the height of 150 feet, with a trunk 30 feet in circumference. The leaves are larger than those of the Cedar of Lebanon, of a deeper bluish green, covered with a silvery bloom; the cones, borne in pairs, are of a reddish brown color, and are both longer and broader than those of the latter species. In some parts of Upper India it is considered a sacred tree (Deodara-tree of God), and is only used to burn as incense in days of high ceremony; but in others it is held in the highest esteem as a timber tree, having all the good qualities of the Cedar of Lebanon -its great durability being attested by its sound state in the roofs of temples of that country, which cannot have been built less than 200 years. We have but just introduced the Deodara into the United States, and can therefore say little of its growth or beauty here, though we have little doubt that it will prove one of the noblest evergreen trees for our pleasure grounds. Loudon says, "the specimens in England are yet small; but the feathery lightness of its spreading branches, and the beautiful glaucous hue of its leaves, render it, even when young, one of the most ornamental of the coniferous trees; and all the travellers who have seen it full grown, agree that it unites an extraordinary degree of majesty and grandeur with its beauty. The tree thrives in every part of Great Britain where it has been tried, even as far north as Aberdeen, where, as in many other places, it is found hardier than the Cedar of Lebanon. It is readily propagated by seeds, which preserve their vitality when imported in the cones. It also grows freely by cuttings, which appear to make as handsome free-growing plants as those raised from seed." The soil and culture for this tree are precisely those for the Cedar of Lebanon. THE RED CEDAR TREE. Juniperus. Nat. Ord. Coniferæ. Lin. Syst. Diccia, Monadelphia. The Red Cedar is a very common tree, indigenous to this country, and growing in considerable abundance from Maine to Florida; but thriving with the greatest luxuriance in the sea-board states. When fully grown, the Red Cedar is about 40 feet in height, and little more than a foot in diameter. The leaves are very small, composed of minute scales, and lie pretty close to the branches. Small blue berries, borne thickly upon the branches of the female trees in autumn and winter, contain the seeds. These are covered with a whitish exudation, and are sometimes used, like those of the foreign juniper, in the manufacture of gin. The Red Cedar has less to recommend it to the eye than most of the evergreens which we have already described. The color of the foliage is dull and dingy at many seasons, and the form of the young tree is too compactly conical to please generally. When old, however, we have seen it throw off this formality, and become an interesting, and indeed a picturesque tree. Then its branches shooting out in a horizontal direction, clad with looser and more pendent foliage, give the whole tree quite another character. The twisted stems, too, when they become aged, have a singular, dried-looking, whitish bark, which is quite unique and peculiar. There is a very fine natural avenue of Red Cedars near Fishkill landing, in Duchess Co., composed of two rows of noble trees 35 or 40 feet high, which is a very agreeable walk in winter and early spring. This has given the name of Cedar Grove to the country seat in question, where the Red Cedar grows spontaneously upon a slate subsoil with great luxuriance. There the trees are disseminated widely by the birds, which feed with avidity upon the berries. The Red Cedar is well known to every person as one of our very best timber trees. It takes its name from the reddish hue of the perfect wood. This has a fragrant odor, and is not only light, fine-grained, and close in texture, but extremely durable. It is therefore much employed (though of late it is becoming scarcer) in conjunction with Live oak, which is too heavy alone, in ship-building. It is also valued for its great durability as posts for fencing; and is exported to Europe, to be used in the manufacture of pencils, and other useful purposes. THE ARBOR VITE TREE. Thuja. Nat. Ord. Coniferæ. Lin. Syst. Monœcia, Monadelphia. The Arbor Vitæ (Thuja occidentalis), sometimes also called Flat Cedar, or White Cedar, is distinguished from |