Chynglyn, or shingling windows, was done, I conceive, to prevent them from being broken, during repairs to the building. As wooden spires, or spirelets (such as are common in Sussex) are known as "shingle spires," I should conclude that shingling or chingling a window consisted in fastening up before it a framework of splines, as a protection against falling stones, &c. Reed was used for a similar purpose; thus in some church accounts of the 15th century :

1475. Solut' pro arundine ad fenestras opturand ijs. vjd.

1478. 1491.

Jn arundine pro obturacione in Capella beata Mariæ et al' xid. Solut' arundinatori pro obturacione fenestre in Capella beata Maria xvjd.-EXTRANEUS.

GARANTRE, OR, GARNETRE WEIR (VOL. I., pp. 418, 438, I., p. 1.) Mr. Charnock, according to my opinion, was close upon the meaning of the word Gernetre, when he thought it might signify the dwelling by the alder trees. His error consisted in not catching the meaning of " which, we learn from Bullet's Memoires sur le Langue Celtigue, tom. i., p. 385, ought to be translated near. Thus Gernetrewere is the weir by the alders.

tre,"

The form Gernetre is got by omitting to take notice of the line over the second e, shewing that an n is left out, for instead of Gernentre, it was, no doubt, originally written Gernetre. Garntre, or Garantre, I take to be a corruption of the word Gernentre, in the one instance as written, in the other as pronounced. Gernetrewere occurs in the Court Rolls of the manor of Waterbeach cum Denny, under the date 17 Henry VI; Garntre (which in 1539 is spelt Garantre) under the date 27 Hen. VI.

On the bank of the Graunt or Cam, there stood from about the middle of the seventeenth century, until the inclosure of the parish in 1813, a toll-gate, called Garden-tree gate, a manifest corruption (as I conceive) of Garntre, or Garantre, and consequently of Gernetre. Singularly enough, of a line of trees now standing at right angles to the former situation of the toll-gate, that nearest the river is an alder. It can hardly, however, be considered a descendant of the alders which anciently occupied the same spot, as I am told that fifty years ago it was quite bare of trees.—W. K. CLAY, The Vicarage, Waterbeach.

QUERIES.

Identification of Arms.-Barry Bendy, Or. [or Arg] and Sa. To what family do these Arms belong?-W. M. H. C.

Washington Family.-Was there any family of the name of Washington in the Eastern counties, in the seventeenth century? Particulars of any will oblige your correspondent-C. J. R.

Crofts of Brandon.-What is the christian name of the Rev. Mr. Crofts, who was Rector of Brandon about 1780, and who was his wife? I believe a history of the Crofts family has been recently published, but I have not access to it.-C. J. R.

Arms of Felawe.-Can you, or any of your correspondents, oblige me with the arms of Richard Felawe, who, in 1482, left a house for a residence for the master of the Ipswich Grammar School ?—F. M.

THE EAST ANGLIA N.

MARCH, 1864.

Subscribers who

may desire to have the sheets of the "HERALDIC VISITATION OF SUFFOLK," and have received copies of the East Anglian without them; are requested to kindly inform the publisher of the error, at their earliest convenience,

of Douay; was ordained priest in 1609, and sent on the English mission in 1610. Here he quickly fell into the hands of the persecutors, and spent four or five years of his mission in different prisons. His last confinement before his final apprehension was in Wisbeach castle, from whence he made his escape, letting himself down by a rope. From Wisbeach he made the best of his way into Norfolk, where he took shelter in a friend's house, not far from Lynn. But he had been there very few days when search was made for him, and he was apprehended.

There was in that neighbourhood a charitable lady, who did great service to the poor in the way of surgery. Mr. Tunstal stood in great want of such assistance, having grievously galled and wounded his hands by the rubbing of the rope, at the time when he made his escape; the sores (for want of proper applications) being grown exceeding painful. Therefore, From the account of his martyrdom, printed me by CC-, Esq., and two other written relations.

at Douay, in 1618, and from a manuscript sent

his catholic host advised him to apply to Lady L'Estrange (this was her name), and put himself under her care. She received him kindly, dressed his wounds, and promised him her best assistance for making a cure. However, the good lady could not forbear talking to her husband, Sir Hammond L'Estrange, a justice of peace, of some particulars relating to her new patient; as, that he was in poor apparel, yet a gentleman-like man in his discourse and behaviour; but withal somewhat reserved in giving an account how he came by those wounds in his hands; that he was a stranger in the country, and lodged at the house of a popish recusant. The justice immediately cried out, this must be the popish priest, lately escaped out of Wisbeach, for whom he had that day received orders to make diligent search. Upon this, the lady is reported to have cast herself on her knees to intercede for the man, begging her husband to take no notice of what she had said; adding, "that she should be an unhappy woman all her life, if the priest should come to any trouble through her speeches." But notwithstanding all she could say or do, the knight persisted in his resolution of securing the man, and accordingly sent out his warrant, and had him seized and brought before him. And though the lady again renewed her instances to have him dismissed, yet she could not be heard; but Mr. Tunstal was forthwith committed to Norwich gaol, where at the next assizes he was brought upon his trial and condemned. By the (Exemplar Litterarum, p. 36, &c.) printed account of his martyrdom, published at Douay the same year, he was condemned upon the testimony of one single witness, and he a man of no conscience or honesty. This fellow made oath that the prisoner had seduced two of the king's subjects from the protestant religion, to the superstitions of the church of Rome, and that he had made some attempts that way upon himself. Mr. Tunstal desired the parties might be allowed to speak what they knew; and being called upon, they both declared that what Symons the witness had sworn was false; the prisoner's discourse to them being no other than a persuasive to holiness of life in general; and that neither of them had been reconciled: this both of them offered to confirm upon oath. Symons being called again farther deposed, that the prisoner had confessed himself to be a priest in his hearing, and also that he had been at Rome, and had spoken to the Pope, who had conferred upon him power to forgive sins and dispense indulgences. This was perjury with a witness, for Mr. Tunstal had never seen Rome or Italy in his life.

However, his solemn denial of these things was not regarded; but the jury were directed by the judge to find the prisoner guilty of the indictment, which was done accordingly.

The jury had no sooner brought in their verdict, but Mr. Tunstal signing himself with the sign of the cross, and falling upon his knees, with eyes and hands lifted up to Heaven, cried out in an audible voice, “Benedicta sit sancta trinitas, atque indivisa unitas; confitebimur ei, quia fecit nobiscum misericordiam suam." "Blessed be the Holy Trinity, and undivided unity, we will confess to him, because he has showed his mercy unto us," and in that posture continued for a while in prayer.

Here the judge "Altam"* demanded if he would take the oath of allegiance and supremacy. Mr. Tunstal replied, "his conscience would not permit him to take those oaths; but if his lordship was pleased to appoint some minister to confer with him, he should be glad of the opportunity of rendering an account of his faith; and that he did earnestly entreat him that a conference might be had about religion, that truth might appear." But the judge cut him short, telling him, he was a crafty disputant, a cunning sophister, and as such not to be heard, or treated with by way of dispute. Instead of that, he bid him hearken to the sentence of death which he was to pronounce upon him, viz., that he should be drawn through the streets to the place of execution, where he should be hanged by the neck, then cut down alive, &c. "Deo gratias," says Mr. Tunstal, and then with a smiling countenance turning to the Judge, "why, my good lord," says he, "this whole dreadful sentence imports but one death, and I do assure your lordship. by the help of God's grace I am not ashamed nor afraid of death, come when it will.”

The next day, about nine o'clock, the sheriff with his officers came to demand the prisoner. Mr. Tunstal, with a cheerful countenance saluted them, courteously telling them he was ready to obey their orders. Accordingly being brought to the hurdle, he fell upon his knees, and after some short devotions, rising up he signed himself and the hurdle with the sign of the cross, and so delivered himself to the officers to be pinioned and tied upon it as they thought proper. He was drawn for a long milet through the street and ways so full of dust, that he had like to have been suffocated with it. When they arrived at the gallows he was taken off the hurdle, and kneeling down at the foot of the ladder, he employed about a quarter of an hour in fervent prayer. When he got up, Sir Hammond L'Estrange alighting off his horse, came and spoke to him in a courteous manner, with his head uncovered, to this effect. "Well, Mr. Tunstal, I find then you are determined to die, and I hope you are prepared for it." "Indeed, Sir Hammond," says the holy man, "die I must, neither do I repine at it: on the contrary, I have great reason to rejoice that I am to die in so good a cause, and therefore I cannot but be thankful in a particular manner to Sir Hammond L'Estrange, for being chiefly instrumental in bringing me to this place. I do heartily forgive you, Sir, and I beseech God that my guiltless blood may not lie heavy upon you and yours." Sir Hammond thanked him, and so departed. Then the sheriff ordered him to go up the ladder, which he did with great courage, blessing himself, kissing both the gallows and the rope, and having spent another quarter of an hour in private devotion he turned to the people, and began to speak upon the text, Spectaculum facti sumus mundo, &c., i Cor., iv., 9., but was commanded to desist, the ministers apprehending the impression that his words might make upon the standers by. Then he offered to inform the people at least of the true cause of his condemnation, that it was upon account of taking orders abroad, and exercising his priestly functions in England, and not for

Sir James Altham, one of the Barons of the +He suffered at Magdalen Gallows.-C. H. Exchequer.-EDIT.

any treasonable practices against the king, or government; declaring withal, that what Symons had sworn of his being at Rome was false, and that he had been condemned upon the testimony of one single witness, which he conceived was not according to law. But here, again, he was interrupted by Sir Thomas Jenkinson, and ordered to forbear making reflections upon the proceedings of the court.

Then he once more recollected himself in prayer, often repeating aloud those penitential words, "O God, be merciful to me a sinner!" and often calling upon the holy name of Jesus, which he had in a manner continually in his mouth, and imploring the intercession of the blessed Virgin and the saints. Then he prayed aloud for the king, queen, and royal family, and for the people of England in general, beseeching God, in his great mercy to open their eyes, and bring them to the knowledge of the true faith; which prayer he repeated three different times, with much fervour and devotion. He also put up a short but fervent prayer to God for the conversion and repentance of his accuser Robert Symons, beseeching God to touch his heart with His powerful grace, that he might truly repent of his perjury, and do penance for his sin; declaring withal, "that if he had ten thousand times as many lives as there were persons present in that crowd, he would most willingly lay them all down for his religion."

Being asked whether he was a Jesuit, or a secular priest, he answered he was a secular priest, but had made a vow on entering into the holy order of St. Bennet, if it could be done; and, therefore, he desired of the sheriff, that his head might be set up on St. Bennet's gate.

The sheriff and the ministers asked him if he believed there was any merit in good works, and whether he expected to be saved by his good works. He answered, "that good works were certainly meritorious, and great means of salvation, through the passion of Christ, without which no one could be saved; but as for himself, he acknowledged himself a most unprofitable servant, or rather most wicked, and good for nothing; and therefore had his whole recourse to the death and blood of his Redeemer, and desired to hide himself entirely in his wounds." Then he called for a glass of water to refresh his mouth, by reason of the great heat and the dust; and asking what o'clock it was, and being told it was about eleven, then, says he, "it is near dinner time: sweet Jesus! admit me, though most unworthy, to be a guest this day at thy heavenly table."

Near the gallows, but behind the back of the martyr, there was a great fire prepared to burn his bowels, and by it the block on which he was to be quartered. Mr Tunstal turned his face towards these objects, which would have shocked another person, and kept his eyes for some time fixed on them, and making the sign of the cross on the fire, remained a while in contemplation. Then the hangman fitted the rope to his neck, which the martyr devoutly kissed, and blessed with the sign of the cross, saying, "Glory be to Thee O Lord." He also desired the executioner to give him notice when he was to be turned off, that he might die with the holy name of Jesus in his mouth. They told him that he might give the sign himself, if he pleased; but this, he said, he would not do, because he would by no means hasten his own death.