was the actus, containing 14,400 square feet, that is, a square of which each side was 120 feet."

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L. 16: pruter pam præter-quam.

LL. 18, sqq.: pon kenstur Bansæ tautam kensazet pis keus Bantins fust kensamur esuf in eituam poizad ligud aisk kenstur kensaum anget uzet aut suæ pis kenstomen nei kebnust dolud mallud in eizeik vinkter esuf comenei lamatir prmeddixud toutad præsentid perum dolum mallum in amirikatud allo famelo in ei sivom paei eizeis fust pae ancensto fust toutiko estud. The first words are tolerably clear: Quum censor (here censitor) Bantiæ civitatem censassit, quis civis Bantinus fuerit. The letter z represents the combination ss, as has been shown above by a comparison of ößpula, obrussa, &c. The form keus for civis is etymologically interesting. It proves that -vis is the termination of the Latin word: consequently ke-us, ci-vis, is composed of the root ke (keî-pai, &c.), and the pronominal affix -vi-s, -u-s (see New Cratylus, § 257), and the word means "a squatter," or generally "an inhabitant;" compare Ontes, insassen, &c. (Buttmann, Lexil. II. 111, note). The word kensamur, if it is one word, is hardly intelligible. Grotefend understands it as the passive participle kensamus for kensamnus or censendus; but although the participial termination mn is often reduced to n, I know no instance in which it is represented by m only. As we must expect here a passive imperative, it seems most reasonable to conclude that kensamur is a corruption for kensatur = censetor. A different explanation, but to the same effect, has been proposed by Curtius (Zeitschr. f. d. Alterthw. 1849, p. 346). It is remarkable that the verb is conjugated in -ao, and not like its Latin equivalent in -eo. The conjugation seems to be censo, -as, -ui, -āum, -itus, like In the next words we have a form uzet, which seems to be a parallel to anget; and this, as is shown above, means adiget. But it would be difficult to explain such a form as uxo. Aufrecht (Zeitschr. f. Vergl. Sprf. I. 189), reads angetuzet as one word, which, however, he does not explain. Now -tuset occurs in the Cippus Abellanus, ll. 16-39, as an affix to verb-forms: pruf-tuset, tribarakat-tuset; and even in Etruscan: hareu-tuse (Cipp. Perus. 24); and I should explain these agglutinate words as parallel to the Latin venum-do, cre-do, considering tu- as

veto.

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identical with do. If so, angetuzet will mean adactum dabit or adigesset. Esu-f seems to correspond exactly to i-bi, just as pu-f (Tab. Pomp. XXIV. 4, 3) answers to u-bi. For poizad Aufrecht (u. s.) suggests pam eixad. If poizad is to stand, it must be a subjunctive corresponding to penset, a form of pendo. The analogy is supported by the French poids for pondus, &c. Ligud aiske lege hac, just as below, 1. 25. es aisken ligis must mean ex hisce legibus. It is hardly possible to understand kenstom. en. except as an abbreviation of the two words censtom enom, the latter being the same pronoun which appears in Latin, in the locative case, as the conjunction enim, Sanscrit éna (New Crat. § 170). Grotefend's supposition that it is a noun in -men, like the Umbrian esunumen, is inadmissible, because in that case the word must have been censamen. Mommsen (p. 269) suggests an affixed particle in, so that Kenstom-en = in censum. This, to say the least, requires to be supported by examples. The verb kebnust = kebnuerit is a very difficult word. Mommsen (p. 269) proposes to connect it with the Gothic quiman "to come," so that kebnust = cbenust. Aufrecht, who justly objects to this etymology (u. s. p. 190), suggests a connexion with the Sanscrit çap jurare. It appears to me that the first syllable is the root of cap-ut, кep-áλn, haupt, &c.; so that keb-nuo would be equivalent to KaTaveúw, "to assent to," or, if this is required, "to affirm" on oath. This interpretation of kebnust is of course conjectural only; and in a matter of so much uncertainty it is better to leave it as it is. Of the next words we cannot make much. Toutad præsentid=populo præsente? Amirikatud = immercato (Kirchhoff, Zeitschr. f. Vergl. Sprf. I. 37). We know from Festus that famel was an Oscan word, and famelo appears by the context to be a feminine derivative from it, signifying familia (cf. egmo, abl. egmad). Allo can only be a demonstrative adjective containing the same root as al-ter, al-ius, ollus, &c. And thus the main predication will be amiricatud allo famelo tontiko estud, i. e. immercato q. d. sine emptione, illa familia publica esto. The intervening words are not easily dealt with, and ineisiuom can only be rendered conjecturally: but the general meaning of 11. 21-23, clearly is: aut si quis censum non juraverit dolo malo et illud convincitur, ibi in publico queratur promagistratu populo præsente propter dolum malum; et sine

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emptione illa familia (perinde atque ejus fuerit qua incensa fuerit) publica esto.

L. 23: Pr suæ præfukus pod post esak Bansæ fust: i. e. prætor sive præfectus, quando post-hac Bantiæ fuerit. Præfucus is formed from præficio, in the same way as the Umbrian der-secus from dis-seco. LL. 23, sqq.: suæ pis opeizois kom altrud ligud akum herest, auti prumedikatud manimaserum eizazunk egmazum pas es aisken ligis skriftas set ne phim pruhipid mais zikolois x nesimois, &c.: i. e. si quis ob hæc cum altero lege agere voluerit, aut pro magistratu manum conserere propter eas res, quas ex hisce legibus scriptas sciet, ne in hoc præhibeat plus sicilicis decem contiguis (below, Chap. VII. § 6), &c. The Table has ne. phim; I would rather read nep him: nep occurs for neque in the Cippus Abellanus, 11. 46, 47, and is used in an absolute prohibition in Umbrian (Tab. Eug. VI. a, 27); and him appears to be the locative of the pronoun hi (see New Crat. § 139). The rest of the paragraph has been explained before.

There is nothing in the last paragraph which seems to require any observation, except that in 1. 29 tribunes of the plebs seem to be mentioned: tr. pl. ni fuid = nisi fuit tribunus plebei.

§ 5. The Cippus Abellanus.

Next to the Tabula Bantina the most important monument of the Oscan language is a stone tablet called the Cippus Abellanus, which was moved from Avella Vecchia1 to the modern village of that name in 1685, and there employed as a door-step, until in 1745 it was remarked by Remondini, then professor in the Episcopal Seminary at Nola, and by him removed to the Museum in that seminary about 1750. The subject of the inscription is an agreement between the neighbouring Campanian cities, Abella and Nola. It will be sufficient to give the inscription with an approximate and in part conjectural translation, which is in great measure due to Theodore Mommsen.

1 The old Abella, or Avella, was probably Aberla = aperula = Eberstadt ; cf. Atella aderla aterula Schwarzburg (Corssen, Zeitschr. f. Vergl.

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Sprf. 1852, p. 17).

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et. pert. víam . posstít paí . íp . íst . postin. slagím. 35. senateís. suveís. tangi

nod . tríbarakavum . lí kitud. íním. íok. tríba rakkiuf. pam .novlanos. tríbarakattuset. íním 40. oíttiuf.novlanum. estud ekkum. svaí. píd. abellanos tríbarakattuset. íok. trí barakkiuf. íním. oíttiuf. abellanum. estud. aut 45. post. feíhois. pos. físnam. am fret. eíseí. tereí. nep. abellanos. nep. novlanos. pídum tríbarakattíns. aut. the saurom. pod. escí. tereí.íst 50. pon. patensíns. moíníkad. ta[n]

ginod. patensíns. íním píd e[seí]

thesaureí. pukkapid. eh[trad] [o]íttíom. alttram. alttr[ Jerríns. aut. anter slag[im] 55. [a]bellanam. íním. novlanam [p]ollad. vío. uruvo. íst. tedur [e]ísaí . víaí . mefiaí. tereme[n] [n]iu staíet.

iunt, ad viam usque positus est,
qui ibi est positus, agrum
senatus sui jus-

su partiri li-
ceto; et is partiti-

one quam Nolanus (senatus)
partietur et

usui Nolanorum esto.
Item si quid Abellanus (senatus)
partietur, is (ager) par-
titione et usu

Abellanorum esto. At

post antefixa quæ fanum am-
biunt, in ea terra neque Abel-
lanus neque Nolanus quidquam
partiantur. At the-
saurum qui in ea terrâ est
quum aperiunt, communi jus-

su aperiant, et quidquid in eo

thesauro quandocunque extra
usum alterum-alterius
habeant. At inter agrum
Abellanum et Nolanum
quacunque via curva est, ibi
in ea via media termina-
tio stet.

On the forms which occur in this inscription it is not necessary to say much. Slagis, which occurs in the accus. and abl. sing., seems to contain the root of locus (stlocus), lac-una, loch, &c. Prof-tuset, tribarakat-tuset, tribarakat-tins, are agglutinate forms like venum-do, cre-do, &c. The adjunct tu- is probably equivalent to do, signifying "to make, or put." Thus prof-tuset probatum dabit = probabitur (see above, on Tab. Bant. 1. 20). Fíísna comes from fes- or fas-, as in fes-cenninus, fas-cinum. Feihos contains the root of figo. And tedur is a pronominal adverb corresponding in form and meaning to the old use of igitur.

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