Lebasius, Sab. Serv. ad Virg. Georg. I. 7: "Quamvis Sabini bable that the root-syllable should be written lab-=lub- (see Fest. p. 121, Müller). For the termination we may compare the Sabine name Vesp-asia. Lepesta, Sab. Varro, L. L. V. § 123: "Dicta lepestæ, quæ etiam nunc in diebus sacris Sabinis vasa vinaria in mensa deorum sunt posita; apud antiquos scriptores inveni appellari poculi genus AeTaσтáv, quare vel inde radices in agrum Sabinum et Romanum sunt profecta." Lixula, Sab. Varro, L. L. V. § 107: "Circuli, quod mixta farina et caseo et aqua circuitum æquabiliter fundebant. Hoc quidem qui magis incondite faciebant, vocabant lixulas et semilixulas vocabulo Sabino, itaque frequentati a Sabinis.” Lucetius, Osc. Serv. ad En. IX. 570: "Lingua Osca LuceÆn. tius est Jupiter dictus, a luce quam præstare dicitur hominibus." Lucina, Luna. S. v. Feronia. Fest. p. 136: "Masius lingua Osca mensis Mamers, Osc. et Sab. Fest. p. 131: "Mamers, Mamertis facit, i. e. lingua Osca Mars, Martis, unde et Mamertini in Sicilia dicti, qui Messanæ habitant." Id. p. 158: "Et nomen acceperunt unum, ut dicerentur Mamertini, quod conjectis in sortem duodecim deorum nominibus, Mamers forte exierat; qui lingua Oscorum Mars significatur." Id. p. 131: “Mamercus prænomen Oscum est ab eo, quod hi Martem Mamertem appellant." Varro, L. L. V. § 73: "Mars ab eo, quod maribus in bello præest, aut quod ab Sabinis acceptus, ibi (ubi ?) est Mamers." This word and its analogies are explained in the next chapter, § 2. The whole subject has been lately reviewed by Corssen, über die Formen u. Bedentungen des Namen Mars in den ital. Dialekten (Zeitschr. f. Vergl. Sprf. 1852, pp. 1-35), who proposes to consider Mavors as a contraction of Mar-mar with a formative t, which is also found in Mars (Mar-t-). Meddix, Osc. Liv. XXVI. 6: "Medix tuticus summus apud Campanos magistratus." Comp. XXIV. 19. (The old reading was mediastaticus.) Fest. p. 123: "Meddix apud Oscos nomen magistratus est." Ennius: "Summus ibi capitur Med dix, occiditur alter" (Annal. VIII. 73). In this passage from Ennius, Dacier reads unus for summus. This appears unnecessary: Meddix occurs in the Oscan inscriptions with the epithets degetasius, fortis, and tuticus; summus may be another epithet of the same kind. The word Meddix appears to be connected in origin with the Greek μédwv. The proper name Mettius (Fest. p. 158), or Mettus (Liv. I. 23), seems to have been this word Meddix. At least Livy says that Mettus Fuffetius was made dictator of Alba; and Festus speaks of Sthennius Mettius as princeps of the Samnites. So, also, we have MEAAEIZ OYDENE (Meddix Ufens) in the inscription given by Castelli di Torremuzza, Sicil. vet. Inscr. V. 45, p. 55: see Müller, Etrusk. II. p. 69, note. Knötel proposes (Zeitschr. f.d. Alterthumsw. 1850, p. 420) to consider Med-dix=mediumdicens as a compound analogous to ju-dex=jus-dicens, vindex=vim-dicens, &c. The last word is more truly explained with reference to ven-eo, ven-do, and ven-dico; and as medix is properly spelt with one d (see Schömann's Greifswald Program für 1840), it would be better to consider med- as the root and a=c-s as a mere formative ending: cf. medicus. In somewhat later times the Sabello-Oscans called their dictator by the name embratur, which is evidently a shortened form of the Latin im-perator, or indu-perator. Liv. VIII. 39; IX. 1; X. 29. Oros. V. 15: "Postquam sibi Samnites Papium Mutilum imperatorem præfecerant." Similarly we have coins with the Oscan inscription, G. Paapi G. Mutil Embratur; which refer to the time of the Social War, when the forces of the confederacy were divided into two armies, each under its own imperator, the Marsi being under the orders of Q. Popadius Silo, the Samnites having for their leader this Gaius Papius Mutilus, the son of Gaius. Of tuticus, see below. Minerva, Sab. s. v. Feronia. Multa, Osc. et Sab. Fest. p. 142: "Multam Osce dici putant pœnam quidam. M. Varro ait pœnam esse, sed pecuniariam, de qua subtiliter in Lib. I. quæstionum Epist. I. refert." Cf. p. 144. s. v. Maximam multam. Varro, apud Gell. XI. 1: "Vocabulum autem ipsum multa idem M. Varro uno et vicesimo rerum humanarum non Latinum sed Sabinum esse dicit, idque ad suam memoriam mansisse ait in lingua Samnitium, qui sunt a Sabinis orti." Nar, Sab. Virg. Æn. VII. 517 : "Sulfurea Nar albus aqua.” Ubi Serv.: "Sabini lingua sua nar dicunt sulfur.” Ner, nerio, Sab. Suet. Vit. Tiber. I.: "Inter cognomina autem et Neronis adsumpsit, quo significatur lingua Sabina fortis ac strenuus." Gell. XIII. 22: “Nerio a veteribus sic declinatur, quasi Anio; nam proinde ut Anienem, sic Nerienem dixerunt, tertia syllaba producta; id autem, sive Nerio sive Nerienes est, Sabinum verbum est, eoque significatur virtus et fortitudo. Itaque ex Claudiis, quos a Sabinis oriundos accepimus, qui erat egregia atque præstanti fortitudine Nero appellatus est. Sed id Sabini accepisse a Græcis videntur, qui vincula et firmamenta membrorum veûpa dicunt, unde nos quoque nervos appellamus." Lydus, de Mens. IV. 42. Id. de Magistr. I. 23. Compare the Sanscr. nri; and see above, p. 106, s. v. Cus-nar: cf. p. 97. Novensides, Ops. Sab. S. V. Feronia. Panis Ceres, Sab. s. v. Lebasius. Panos, Messap. Athen. III. p. 111 c.: πavos аρтos Meσσáπιοι. This is a confirmation of punus for panis in the Umbrian inscription (p. 101). or Petora, petorritum, Osc. Fest. p. 206: "Petoritum et Gallicum vehiculum est, et nomen ejus dictum esse existimant a numero IIII. rotarum; alii Osce, quod hi quoque petora quattuor vocent; alii Græce, sed aioλik@s dictum." Comp. Quinctil. Inst. Orat. I. 5, § 57. The Eolic Greek wrote Téσovpes, πéoσαρα, οι πίσυρα, οι πέτορες, πέτορα. In Gaelic we have peder. The Doric Gr. was Téropes. In general we have in Gr. where we have qv in Latin, and in these cases we have p in Oscan: e. g. Osc. pis, Lat. quis, Gr. Tis; and the Oscans wrote Tarpinius, Ampus, for the Lat. Tarquinius, Ancus. But qu was so agreeable to the Roman articulation, that we find qu in Latin words where we have not but in Greek. Comp. πῆ, πέντε (πέμπε), ἵππος, ἕπομαι, λείπω, λίπα (λιπαρός), ἔπτιλος, ἐνέπει, πατάσσω, πέπτω, ἧπαρ, with qua, quinque, equus, sequor, linquo, liqueo, oquulus, in-quit (quoth Angl., quéthan Anglo-Sax., gwedyd Welsh'), quatio, quoquo, 1 See below, Chap. XI. § 7. We have the present tense of quoth in the English word be-queath; cf. be-speak, jecur. For petor-ritum (petor, "four," rad, Sanscrit ratha, "a wheel") see Heindorf on Hor. Sat. I. 6, 104. Picus, Sab. Strabo, V. § 2: πikov yap Týv opviv Toûtov óvoμάζουσι καὶ νομίζουσιν Ἄρεως ἱερόν. Pipatio, Osc. Fest. p. 212: " Pipatio clamor plorantis lingua Oscorum.' Pitpit, Osc. Fest. p. 212: "Pitpit Osce quidquid." Above, s. v. Petora. Porcus, Sab. Varro, L. L. V. § 97: "Porcus quod Sabinis dictum Aprimo Porco-por, inde porcus; nisi si a Græcis, quod Athenis in libris sacrorum scripta κάπρῳ καὶ πόρκῳ.” Quirinus, Salus, Sab. S. V. Feronia. Sancus, Sab. Varro, L. L. V. § 66: "Elius Dium Fidium dicebat Diovis filium, ut Græci Atos Kópov Castorem, et putabat hunc esse Sancum ab Sabina lingua, et Herculem a Græca.” Lyd. de Mens. 58: τὸ σάγκος ὄνομα οὐρανὸν σημαίνει τη Σαβίνων γλώσση. Saturnus, Sab. s. v. Feronia. Scensa, Sab. Fest. p. 339: "Scensas [Sabini dicebant, quas] nunc cenas, quæ autem nunc prandia, cenas habebant, et pro ceni[s vespernas antiqui]." Comp. Paul. Diac. in p. 338. Sol, Sab. s. v. Feronia; see also Varro, L. L. V. §§ 27, 68; but Festus says (p. 20): "Aureliam familiam, ex Sabinis oriundam, a Sole dictum putant, quod ei publice a populo Romano datus sit locus, in quo sacra faceret Soli, qui ex hoc Auseli dicebantur, ut Valesii, Papisii, pro eo quod est Valerii, Papirii.” -And on an Etruscan mirror Usil appears as the name of a figure armed with a bow, which probably represents Apollo, (Bullett. 1840, p. 11); and this would seem to confirm Müller's suggestion (see Berlin. Jahrbücher, August 1841, p. 222, note) that the whole word Ausil was the name of the Sun-god, both in the Sabine and in the Etruscan language. The word Aurelius, however, brings us much nearer to Aurora, and while we have the word Usil on Etruscan monuments in connexion with the figure of Aurora (Gerhard, Arch. Zeitung, 1847, Anh. no. 1. p. 9), we find from the obvious reading in a gloss of Hesychius that the Etruscan word really meant "the morning" rather than "the sun:" auкýλws 1. avonλ[ws], éws ὑπὸ Τυῤῥηνῶν. And as the Sabines said ausum from aurum, we may probably refer both words to the Sanscrit root ush= urere, and explain the name of the metal from the red glare of light, which is common to it and to the sun-rise: whence Varro says (L. L. V. § 83): "aurora dicitur ante solis ortum, ab eo quod ab igni solis tum aureo aer aurescat." The slight confusion between the sun and his early light is easily accounted for, and excused: and on the whole it seems better to suppose that sol, from the Sanscrit root swar = cœlum (Pott, Etym. Forsch. I. p. 131), and ausel, from ush = urere, were independent, but partly commutable Sabine and Etruscan words. Sollo, Osc. Fest. p. 298: "Sollo Osce dicitur id quod nos totum vocamus. Lucilius: vasa quoque omnino redimit, non sollo dupundi, i. e. non tota. Idem Livius. Sollicuria, in omni re curiosa. Et solliferreum genus teli, totum ferreum. Sollers etiam in omni re prudens [comp. Sanscr. sarvârtha]; et sollemne, quod omnibus annis præstari debet." Strebula, Umbr. Fest. p. 313: "Strebula Umbrico nomine Plautus appellat coxendices quas G[ræci uńpia dicunt, quæ] in altaria in[poni solebant, ut Plau]tus ait in Fri[volaria]." Varro, L. L. VII. § 67: “Stribula, ut Opilius scribit, circum coxendices sunt bovis; id Græcum est ab ejus loci versura." Arnob. adv. Gent. VII. 24: "Non enim placet carnem strebulam nominari quæ taurorum e coxendicibus demitur." Strena, Sab. Elpidian. ap. Lyd. de Mens. IV. 4: ò de 'Exπδιανὸς ἐν τῷ περὶ ἑορτῶν στρήναν τὴν ὑγίειαν τῇ Σαβίνων pwvn λéyeolai now. Comp. Symmach. Ep. X. 35; Festus, p. 313; and the Germ. strenge, Engl. strong, Lat. strenuus, Gr. σrpnvns, στpñvos, &c. For another sense of strena, see Fest. p. 313. Summanus, Sab. s. v. Feronia. Supparus, Osc. Varro, L. L. V. § 131: "Indutui alterum quod subtus, a quo subucula; alterum quod supra, a quo supparus, nisi id, quod item dicunt Osci." Teba, Sab. Varro, R. R. III. 1, 16: "Nam lingua prisca et in Græcia Eoleis Boeotii sine afflatu vocant collis tebas; et in Sabinis, quo e Græcia venerunt Pelasgi, etiamnunc ita dicunt; cujus vestigium in agro Sabino via Salaria non longe a Reate milliarius clivus appellatur Theba." The word therefore, according to Varro, was Pelasgian as well as Sabine. Terenum, Sab. Macrob. Sat. II. 14: "A tereno, quod est Sabinorum lingua molle, unde Terentios quoque dictos putat Varro ad Libonem primo." Comp. the Gr. Tépnv. |