to enclose their gardens with walls. There are plenty of citrous, lemons, oranges, dates, grapes, and other fruits. There are also olive trees, roses, and odoriferous plants. In the woods and mountains are lions, wild beeves, ostriches, moukies, chameleons, roebucks, bares, pheasants, partridges, and other sorts of birds and beasts.

The form of government is aristocratie; that is, by a council, whose president is the dey, an officer not unlike the doge of Venice. The members of this divan, or council, are chosen by the dey, and he in his turn is elected by the divan, whieli is composed of soldiers, who have more than once taken off the dey's head.

Tunis has 1,000,000 inhabitants, who carry on a great trade in linen and woollen cloth. In the city of Tunis, alone, are about 3000 eluthiers and weavers. They have also a trade in horses, olives, oils, soup, ostriches' eggs, and feathers.

The established religion is Mahometanism, and the inhabitants consist of Moors, Turks, Arabs, Jews, and Christian slaves.

TUNIS, the capital, is on the point of the gulf of Goletta, about ten miles from the site of the famous city of Carthage. It is four miles in circumference. The Tunisians are the most civilized nation of Barbary, with little of the insolent haughtiness of the Algerines; affairs of government are transacted with despatch; the Americans, English, French, Dutch, and several other states, Laving consuls here, who are treated with civility and respect. The Makometans here have 9 colleges for students, beside a great number of smaller schools. Tunis is a place of great trade.

TRIPOLI.

TRIPOLI is bounded north by the Mediterranean, east by the desert of Barca, south by Fezzan, west by Biledugerid and Tunis. It is a fertile country, except the east part, which is a desert. It is 925 miles along the coast; the breadth is various. It had the title of a kingdom, but is now a republic, governed by a dey elected by the soldiers.

Tripoli, which contains 1,000,000 inhabitants, is distin

guished into Maritime and Inland; the inhabitants of the former chiefly subsist upon commerce and piracy; the lat ter on plunder and robbery. Each division has some cities, towns, and villages, most of which are very poor and thinly inhabited. These people are reduced to the lowest degree of misery and wretchedness, through the cruel exactions of the government, or the frequent depredations of the Arabs.

The government, religion, laws, and customs of this kingdom are the same with those of Algiers and Tunis. The revenues arise chiefly from their corsairs, which seldom exceed seven or eight, and of these only one can properly be styled a ship; the rest are small gallies, poorly manned and equipped.

Their commerce chiefly consists in slaves, either such as are taken by their corsairs, or such as they traffic for with their neighbors; the greatest part of both they send into Turkey, where they can dispose of them to the best advantage.

One eircumstance in the conduct of this regency, de serves notice: they are more scrupulous observers of their treaties with other nations than any of their neighbors; which punctuality, whether it proceeds from real probity, or a consciousness of their own weakness, is nevertheless of no small advantage to navigation and commerce.

TRIPOLI, the capital retains but few traces of its ancient splendor; the houses are low and mean, and the streets narrow, dirty and irregular: there are, however, some monuments still standing, which evince its former magnificence; particularly a triumphal arch, one half of which now lies buried in the sand.

The country around is adorned with a multiplicity of handsome villas, cultivated chiefly by Christian slaves. BARCA, the ancient Lybia, lies between Tripoli and Egypt, and is governed by a sangiae, dependent on the bashaw of Tripoli. The climate is very unequal; along the coasts the land is fertile and well peopled, but the interior is sterile and desert. Through this dreary, and inhospitable region, so fatal to Cambyses and his followers, our gallant countryman, General Eaton, during the late hostilities with Tripoli, led a small, but intrepid band of troops to the attack of Derne. They left Egypt in the

beginning of April, 1805, crossed the desert of Barea, and after encountering excessive hardships and fatigue, arrived before Derne, on the frontiers of Tripoli, which they took by storm on the 27th of the same month; attacked and put to rout the army of the Bashaw, sent 10 oppose their progress; and contributed most effectually to compel that insolent power to enter into an immediate treaty of peace with the United States; by which a great number of Americans, then prisoners at Tripoli, were restered to freedom and their country.

Here was the temple of Jupiter Ammon, so difficult of access on account of the burning sands.

AFRICAN ISLANDS.

AT the mouth of the Red sea lies the island of Zocotra, belonging to the Arabs. It is a populous and plentiful country, and partieularly noted for aloes.

MADAGASCAR is separated from the continent by a channel, called the channel of Mosambique. This island is 800 miles long, 150 broad, divided into 28 provinces, and watered by some considerable rivers. Its population is estimated at 4,000,000, who are Arabs and negroes.

The country produces oxen, sheep, goats, and cotton in abundance. Ebony, gum guttae, cucumbers, peas, beans, barley, rice, and citrons, are plenty. Cardaman plants, banana, and orange trees flourish. Rock erystals, copper, silver, gold, iron, and precious stones are found here. A great variety of ornamental plants, of fruit trees, and valuable timber, grow on this island.

PORTO SANTO, is a small island, about 20 miles in compass, in lat. 32 55 N. and 125 leagues W. of cape Blanco; discovered and possessed by the Portuguese. It has one good harbor, safe from all winds but the S. W. Here the India ships usually stop to refit, both going and returning. The island is inhabited by Portuguese, is very rich, and produces wheat and maize, cattle, wild boars,

and rabbits. Dragon's blood, honey, wax, and fish, are exported.

MADEIRA. The form of Madeira is a triangle 150 miles in circuit, lying in lat. 32 30 N. and lon. 16 50 W. 120 leagues W. of cape Cantiu. It is divided into two provinces. The Portuguese discovered it in 1431. The population is said to amount to 70,000. The forces are 150 infantry, and 2000 militia. Funchal, the capital, is in a valley, on the S. coast. The harbor is defended by several batteries, and a castle. The town is divided into 6 parishes, and contains 6 convents, as many churches, and about 15,000 inhabitants, consisting of Portuguese, French, English, Irish, mulattoes, and blacks. The principal merchants are English and Irish catholics, though the island belongs to Portugal. The climate is agreeable, and the soil very fertile. The chief exports are Madeira wine, 20,000 hogsheads, and sweet meats. Every species of tropical fruit grows to perfection.

The CANARIES belonging to the Spaniards, are famous for Canary wine. The ancients called them the Fortanate Isles. They are 10 or 12 in number; the chief are Great Canary, Teneriffe, Gomera, and Ferro. Teneriffe is much encumbered with mountains. The peak is an ascent in the form of a sugarloaf, 15 miles in circumference, and 13,265 feet high. It is a volcano.

The climate is temperate and mild. erally fertile. The articles of culture cane, cotton, wheat, barley, and rice. well supplied with cattle.

The soil is genare the vine, sugarAll the islands are

CAPE VERD ISLANDS. These are a cluster of islands, 130 leagues W. of Cape Verd, between lat. 16 and 18 N. The principal ones are St. Anthony, St. Vincent, St. Nicholas Bonavista, and St. Jago. They have long belonged to the Portuguese. The inhabitants of all are said to amount to 100,000. By long residence, and by intermixture, they have become nearly of the negro complexion and features. The manufactures of leather and salt form the principal riches. The soil is indifferent. Tropical fruits abound.

GOREE. This is a little island, two miles in circuit, close to the coast, S. of Cape Verd. The Dutch planted

it in 1617. The French drove them out in 1677, and were lately driven out by the English.

FERNANDO PO is about 30 leagues in circuit, in lat. 3 20 N. aud lon. 10 45 E. near the coast of Benin. It belongs to Spain, is high, has a fertile soil, and produces manioe, sugar, rice, fruits, and tobacco.

PRINCE'S ISLAND lies directly south of the former, in lat. ̧ 1 31 N. 20 leagues in circuit. The town on the N. coast has a good harbor, and contains 200 houses. The soil is good, and the produce like that of Fernando Po. It belongs to Spain.

ST. THOMAS is about 20 leagues in circuit, and lies a little W. of S. from Prince's Island, directly under the equator, and about 50 leagues N. W. by W. from cape Lopez. It was discovered and settled by the Portuguese, in 1460, and made a sort of Botany Bay for the heroes of the Lisbon Old Bailey. These are now amalgamated with the negroes.

ANNABON is a high mountainous, and fertile island, about 6 leagues in circuit, in latitude 1° 45′ south, 80 leagues from eape Lopez. It was settled by the Portaguese, and is said now to belong to Spain.

ST. MATTHEW. The Portuguese discovered it in 1516, and soon after settled it. It lies in lat. 1 45 S.

ASCENSION. Lat. 7 56 30 S. lon. 14 22 31 W. is 10 miles long and 5 or 6 broad. It is barren and desolate, but abounds with turtle.

ST. HELENA is a beautiful island, 20 miles in circumference, belonging to the English East India Company. It has some high mountains, particularly one called Diana's Peak, which is covered with wood to the very top. The number of inhabitants does not exceed 2000, including near 500 soldiers and 600 slaves, who are supplied with all sorts of manufactures, by the company's ships in return for refreshments. It lies between the continents of Africa and South-America, about 1200 miles west of the former, and 1800 east of the latter, lon. 5 49 west, lat 15 55 south. This Island is noticeable, and will be famous hereafter as the place of confinement of BONAPARTE, whose career, as Emperor of France, and conqueror of a great part of Europe, will long be remembered for its atrocities and the miseries which he occasioned.

BOURBON is 60 miles long, and 40 broad, 370 miles E