to be a Theological Seminary. For a number of years it declined, and ceased its operations. It is now revived under the care of the venerable and Rev. Dr. LIVINGSTON. There are academies at Trenton, Hackinsac, Orangedale, Elizabethtown, Burlington, and Newark.

Beside these, there are grammar schools at Freehold, › Springfield, Morristown, Bordentown, and Amboy.

Cities and Towns. TRENTON is one of the largest towns in New Jersey, and the capital of the state.

It is situated on the east side of the river Delaware, opposite the falls, nearly in the centre of the state, from north to south, in latitude 40° 15' and about 15′ east of the meridian of Phil. · adelphia.

BURLINGTON city extends three miles along the Dela-ware, and one mile back at right angles, into the county: of Burlington, and is twenty miles above the city of Philadelphia, by water and seventeen by land.

PERTH AMBOY city stands on a neck of land, included between Raritan river and Arthur Kull sound. Its situation is high and healthy. It lies open to Sandy Hook, and has one of the best harbors on the continent.

BRUNSWICK city is situated on the southwest side of Raritan river, over which a fine bridge has been built, 12 miles above Amboy. Its situation is low and pleasant, being on the bank of a river, and under a high hill, which rises back of the town. It is the seat of Queen's College. PRINCETON is a pleasant village, of about 80 houses, 52 miles from New-York, and 42 from Philadelphia. It is the seat of Nassau Hall College. The college edifice is of stone, large and bandsome. On the right and left of the college, are edifices, one for a dining hall, the other for the library.

ELIZABETHTOWN borough is fifteen miles from New-York. Its situation is pleasant, and its soil equal in fertil ity to any in the state.

NEWARK is nine miles from New-York. It is a handsome, flourishing town, and had in 1810, 7993 inhabi-

tants.

Curiosities. In Monmouth county, on the side of a branch of Navesink river, is a remarkable cave, in which are three rooms. The cave is about 30 feet long, and 15 feet broad. Each of the rooms is arched; the centre of

the arch is about five feet from the bottom of the cave; the sides not more than two and a half. The mouth of the cave is small; the bottom is a loose sand; and the arch is formed in a soft rock, through the pores of which, the moisture is slowly exudated, and falls in drops, on the sand below.

DELAWARE.

Situation and Extent. THIS state derived its name from Lord De la War who was among the first settlers of Virginia. It includes the territory formerly denominated the Three Lower Counties, annexed to Pennsylvania, lying between lon. 74° 56′, and 75° 40′ W and between 38° 30′ and 39° 50′ north latitude. It is the smallest state in the Union, except Rhode Island, being but 96 miles long, and on an average 24 broad.

Boundaries Delaware is bounded east by Delaware river and bay, and the Atlantic ocean; south and west by Maryland; north by Pennsylvania.

Divisions and Population. This state is divided into three counties and twenty five townships.

Counties. No of Population.

Chief towns.

Face of the Country. The state of Delaware, the upper parts of the county of Newcastle excepted, is generally extremely low and level. Large quantities of stagnant water at particular seasons of the year, overspreading a great proportion of the land, and rendering it injurious to the health of the inhabitants.

Rivers and Creeks. The eastern side of the state is indented with a large number of creeks or small rivers, which generally have a short course, soft banks, numerous shoals, and are skirted with very extensive marshes, and empty into the river and bay of Delaware. In the southern and western parts of the state, spring the head waters of Poco

moke, Wicomico, Nanticoke, Choptank, Chester, Sassafras, and Bohemia rivers, all falling into Chesapeak bay, and some of them are navigable 20 or 30 miles into the country, for vessels of 50 or 60 tons.

Soil and Preductions. Delaware is chiefly an agricultural state. It includes a very fertile tract of country; and scarcely any part of the Union can be selected better adapted to the different purposes of agriculture, or in which a greater variety of the most useful productions can be so conveniently and plentifully reared.

Wheat is the staple commodity of this state. It grows here in such perfection, as not only to be particularly sought by the manufacturers of fleur throughout the Union, but also to be distinguished and preterred, for its su perior qualities, in foreign markets. This wheat possesses an uncommon softness and whiteness, very favorable to the manufacture of superfine flour, and in other respects, far exceeds the hard and flinty grain raised, generally, on the high lands. Besides wheat, this state produces plentiful crops of Indian corn, barley, rye, oais, fax, buckwheat, and potatoes It abounds in natural and artificial meadows, containing a large variety of grasses. and silk, if attended to, flourish very well.

Hemp, cotton,

Minerals. Among the branches of the Nanticoke river, are large quantities of bog iron ore, of an excellent quali ty, and peculiarly adapted to the purposes of casting.

Trade and Manufactures. We have already mentioned wheat as the staple commodity of this state. This is manufactured into flour, and exported in large quantities. The exports are principally from the port of Wilmington. The manufacture of flour is carried to a higher degree of perfection in this state than in any other in the Union. There are well constructed mills on Red Clay and White Clay creeks, and other streams in different parts of the state, and a celebrated collection of mills at Brandy wine, all of superior dimensions and excellent construction. These mills are three miles from the mouth of the creek on which they stand, half a mile from Wilmington, and twenty-seven from Philadelphia, on the post road from the eastern to the southern states. They are called Brandywine mills, from the stream on which they are erected. The quantity of wheat manufactured in these mills annu

ally is estimated at 100,000 bushels. They give employment to about 200 persons.

Besides the wheat and flour trade, this state exports lumber, Indian corn, barley, oats, flax-seed, salted provis ions, paper, slit iron, snuff, &c.

Public Improvements. A bridge and causeway, extending about a quarter of a mile from Lewes to the beach, over a wide creek and marsh, has lately been built at the

expense of individuals. Canals are making in several parts of the state. The lighthouse near Lewes, is a fine stone structure, 8 stories high.

Literature. There is no college in this state. At Wil. mington and Newark academies are established. the legislature have provided a fund for the support of schools throughout the state.

Chief Towns. DOVER, in the county of Kent, is the seat of government. It stands on Jones's creek, a few miles. from Delaware river, containing about 100 houses, principally of brick. The town has a lively appearance, and drives on a considerable trade with Philadelphia. Wheat is the principal article of export. The landing is five or six miles from the town of Dover.

NEWCASTLE is thirty-five miles below Philadelphia on the west bank of the Delaware river. It was first settled by the Swedes, about 1627. It was formerly the seat of government, and contains about 60 houses, which wear the aspect of decay.

WILMINGTON, a mile and a half west of Delaware riv-.. er, on Christiana creek, 28 miles southward from Phila-delphia, is the largest and most pleasant town in the state, containing upwards of 400 houses, handsomely built upon a gentle ascent of an eminence, and show to great advantage in sailing up the Delaware. It contains about 2400 inhabitants.

MILFORD is at the source of a small river, fifteen miles from Delaware bay, and 150 southward of Philadelphia.

DUCK CREEK CROSS ROADS is twelve miles north west from Dover, and has 80 or 90 houses, which stand on one street. It carries on a considerable trade with Philadelphia, and is one of the largest wheat markets in the state.

LEWISTOWN is situated a few miles above the lighthouse on Cape Henlopen, containing about 150 houses

3

built chiefly on one street, which is three miles long, extending along the creek, which separates the town from the pitch of the cape.

GEORGETOWN, fifteen miles west of Lewistown, is the seat of justice for Sussex county.

CHRISTIANABRIDGE, is situated on a navigable creek of its name; it was settled by the Swedes, in 1640, and thus called after their queen.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Situation and Extent. THIS state received its name from William Penn, to whom it was granted by Charles II. in 1681. It is situated between 39° 43′ and 42° north latitude, and between 20' east, and 5o west longitude; 228 miles long, and 156 broad. The northwest corner of the state, containing 202,000 acres, was purchased of Congress by the legislature of the state. Except this purchase, the state lies in the form of a parallelogram. It contains 44,900 square miles.

Boundaries. Pennsylvania is bounded east by Delaware river which separates it from New Jersey; north by NewYork, and Lake Erie; northwest by a part of Lake Erie; west by the state of Ohio, and a part of Virginia; south by Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware.

Divisions and Population. Pennsylvania is divided into the following 43 counties viz.

Counties.

No. Inh. 6,143 12,168'

No. Inh.

Counties.

32.371

14,734