NEW-LONDON city stands on the west side of the river Thames, near its entrance into the Sound. It has two houses for publick worship, one for Episcopalians and one for Congregationalists; 5150 inhabitants. Its harbor is the best in Connecticut. A considerable part of the city was burnt by the infamous Benedict Arnold, in 1781, but has since been rebuilt.

NORWICH city stands at the head of Thames river, fourteen miles north from New-London. It is a commercial city, has a rich and extensive back country, and avails itself of its natural advantages. The inhabitants manufacture paper of all kinds, stockings, clocks and watches, chaises, buttons, stone and earthen ware, wire, oil, chocolate, bells, anchors, and all kinds of forge work. The city contains a court house, two churches for Congregationalists, and one for Episcopalians, and about 2476 inhabitants. The courts of law, for the county of New. London, are held alternately at New London and Norwich.

MIDDLETON city is pleasantly situated on the western bank of Connecticut river, fifteen miles south of Hartford. It is the principal town in Middlesex county; has 4900 inhabitants, a court house, a naval office, one church for Congregationalists, and one for Episcopalians.

Four miles south of Hartford, is Weathersfield, a very pleasant town of between two and three hundred houses, situated on a fine soil, with a brick church for Congregationalists. This town is noted for raising onions.

Windsor, Farmington, Litchfield, Milford, Stratford, Fairfield, Guilford, Stamford, Windham, Suffield, and Enfield, are all considerable and pleasant towns.

NEW-YORK.

Situation and Extent.

THE state of New-York compre

Its

hends ail the territories lying between 40 40 and 45° north latitude, and between 73 and 79 55 W. longitude. greatest length is 340 miles, its greatest breadth 300; aumber of square miles 45,000.

Boundaries. New. York is bounded southeastwardly by the Atlantic ocean; east by Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont; north by Upper Canada; west and southwest by Lake Erie. Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

Divisions and Population. This state is divided into four districts and 43 counties; and the number of inhabitants, according to the census of 1810, is as follows:

Scuthern District.

The state of New York containe 1, in 1800, 586,050 inhabitants, of whom 20,613 were slaves. Besides the descend nts of the English and Dutch, who were the first settlers of the state, there are many Scotch, Irish, German, and Freach emigrants.

Face of the Country. This state is intersected by ridgest of the Allegany mountains, running in a northeast and southwest direction. West of these mountains, the country is level. On the east of the Allegany, it exhibits a prospect broken by hills and rich intervening vallies.

Bays. The principal bay is that of York, which spreads to the southward before the city of New-York.

It is formed by the confluence of East and Hudson rivers, and embosoms several small islands. It communicates with the ocean, by the Narrows, a strait scarcely two miles wide, between Long and Staten islands.

Lakes. Lake Champlain forms part of the dividing line between New-York and Vermont. It is nearly 200 miles long; its mean width about 5 miles. It occupies about 500,000 acres, and contains above 60 islands of different sizes. Its depth is sufficient for the largest vessels. It receives at Ticonderoga, the waters of Lake George, which are said to be 100 feet higher than those of Champlain.

Oneida lake in the western part of the state, is 30 miles long, and five wide, connected with Ontario by Oswego river. Salt lake is six miles long and one broad. Eighty gallons of its waters produce a bushel of salt. Its saltness is occasioned by salt springs, near its banks. These springs, and the borders of the lake, for a mile in width, are the property of the state. Lake Otsego, at the head of Susquehanna river, is nine miles long, and narrow.

Caniaderago lake is about the size of Otsego, and six miles west of it. Oak creek issues from it and falls into the Susquehanna. Seneca lake, in Ontario county, is forty miles long and two wide. Chatoque lake is the source of Conowongo river, not far from lake Erie. Oswegatchie lake lies in Oneida county. One branch of Oswegatchie river passes through this lake.

Rivers and Canals. Hudson river is one of the largest in the United States. It rises in the mountainous country between lake Ontario and Champlain. Its whole length

is about 250 miles. From Albany to lake George, 65 miles, the river is navigable only for batteaux and has two portages occasioned by falls, of half a mile each. The tide flows a few miles above Albany, 160 miles from New York. It is navigable for sloops of 80 tons to Albany, and for ships to Hudson. The river is stored with a variety of fish. A canal unites Hudson river to South bay, which empties into the south end of lake Champlain.

Saranac river passes through Plattsburg into lake Champlain.

Sable river, not far from Saranac, is scarcely sixty yards wide. On this stream are remarkable falls.

The river Boquet passes through the town of Willsboborough. At this place are the remains of an entrenchment thrown up by General Burgoyne.

Black river rises in the high country, near the sources of Canada creek, which falls into Mohawk river, and takes its course northwest, and then northeast, till it discharges itself into Cataraqui, or Iroquois river.

Onondago river rises in the Oneida lake, and runs westwardly into the lake Ontario, at Oswego.

Mohawk river passes to the northward of Fort Stanwix, and runs southwardly twenty miles, to the fort; then eastwardly one hundred and ten miles into the Hudson. The produce, that is conveyed down this river, is landed in Skenectady, and is thence carried by land, sixteen miles, over a barren shrubby plain, to Albany, where a turnpike is centemplated. Since the completion of the locks and canals, at Little falls, fifty-six miles above Skenectady, the river is passable for boats from Skenectady, nearly or quite to its source. The perpendicular descent of these falls is forty-two feet, in the course of one mile. A canal and locks round these falls was completed in the autumn of 1795. The Cohoez in this river are a great curiosity; they are three miles from its entrance into the Hudson. The river is about one hundred yards wide; the rock, over which it pours, as over a mill dam, extends almost in a line from one side of the river to the other, and is thirty feet perpendicular height. Including the descent above, the fall is 60 or 70 feet. A company is incorpo rated, by the legislature of New-York, for the purpose of

opening a lock navigation from the now navigable part of Hudson river, to be extended to lake Ontario, and the Seneca lake. This work is begun.

Delaware river rises in lake Utstayantho, and takes its course southwest, until it crosses into Pennsylvania, in lat. 42°; thence southwardly, dividing New-York from Pennsylvania, until it strikes the northwest corner of NewJersey, in latitude 41 29; and then passes off to the sea, through Delaware bay, having New Jersey on the east side, and Pennsylvania and Delaware on the west.

Susquehanna river, east branch, has its source in lake Otsego. Batteaux pass to its source.

Tioga river rises in the Allegany mountains, runs eastwardly and empties into the Susquehanna at Tioga point.. It is boatable about fifty miles.

Seneca river rises in the Seneca country, runs eastwardly and, in its passage, receives the waters of Seneca and Cayuga lakes. It empties into the Onondago river, fourteen miles above the falls, at a place called Three Rivers.

Gennessee river rises near the source of the Tioga, and empties into lake Ontario, eighty miles east of Niagara fort.

Such is the intersection of the whole state of New-York. by the branches of the Hudson, the Delaware, the Susquehanna, and other rivers, which have been mentioned, that there are few places which are more than fifteen or twenty miles from some boatable or navigable stream.

Soil and Productions. The soil of the country, west of the mountains, is exceedingly rich, and covered, in its natural state, with maple, beech, birch, cherry, black walnut, locust, hickory, and black mulberry trees. The lands, between Seneca and Cayuga lakes, are uncommonly excellent and covered with lofty trees. East of the Allegany the land is clothed thick with timber, and when cleared, affords fine pasture. The vallies produce wheat, hemp, flax, oats, corn, &c.

Beside the trees already mentioned, there are several kinds of oak, spruce, white, yellow, and pitch pines, butternut, cedar, fir, aspin, white wood, and button wood. The shrub cranberry grows on low ground; its fruit hangs in clusters, like grapes. The sumac is the natural pro