By this objection, the Association long afterwards), the over-jealous substituted for my name that of Elder Elder called a council of the preachStone, of Ohio. Thus I was disposed ers, and proposed to them to have of from the same principle which me forthwith condemned before the inhibited the building of a meeting- people by a formal declaration from house in Wellsburg-that is, I was the stand, repudiating my discourse too near Cross Creek meeting-house, as "not Baptist doctrine." One of living only ten miles distant. the Elders, still living and still a Baptist, said: "Elder Pritchard, I am not yet prepared to say whether it be or be not Bible doctrine; but one thing I can say, were we to make such an annunciation, we would sacrifice ourselves, and not Mr. Campbell." Thus originated my Sermon on the Law, republished, a year or two since, in the Millennial Harbinger.* It was forced into existence, and the hue and cry raised against it all over the country obliged me to publish it in But Elder Philips, of Peter's Creek, the oldest and best preacher in the Association, as I thought, called on me next morning, and insisted on me to preach because of a multitude that had come from a distance, who had deputed him to have the decision reversed, and in whose behalf he spoke to me. I was constrained to refuse, as I would not violate the decision of the Association on the appeal of Elder Pritchard. He went away with much reluctance. Mean-print. It was first issued from the while, Elder Stone was suddenly taken sick, and Elder Philips came a second time to urge me to yield to their request. I still refused, unless a special and formal request was tendered to me by Elder Pritchard in person. He assured me it would be tendered me. Accordingly, soon as I appeared on the ground, I was invited and enjoined to preach by the Elder Pritchard himself. Not having a subject at my command, I asked to speak the second discourse. Elder Cox preceded me. At the impulse of the occasion, I was induced to draw a clear line between the Law and the Gospel, the Old Dispensation and the New, Moses and Christ. This was my theme. No sooner had I got on the way, than Elder Pritchard came up into the tent and called out two or three of the preachers to see a lady suddenly taken sick, and thus created much confusion amidst the audience. I could not understand it. Finally, they got composed, and I proceeded. The congregation became much engaged; we all seemed to forget the things around us, and went into the merits of the subject. The result was, during the interval (as I learned press in 1816, and became the theme of much discussion; and by a conspiracy of the Elders already named, it was brought up for trial and condemnation at the next Association at Peter's Creek in 1817. I may, I presume, regard its existence as providential; and although long unwilling to believe it, I must now think that envy, or jealousy, or some fleshly principle, rather than pure zeal for divine truth, instituted the crusade which for seven successive years was carried on against my views as superlatively heterodox and dangerous to the whole community. Till this time we had labored much among the Baptists with good effect, so far, at least, as to propitiate a very general hearing, and to lay a good foundation for, as we conceive, a more evangelical and scriptural dispensation of the gospel amongst men. Till this time, however, we had literally no coadjutors or counsellers without the precincts of our little community, amounting only to some hundred and fifty persons. Sometime in 1814 or 1815, I have not a very certain recollection of the precise date, a certain Mr. Jones, * See Christian Messenger, vol. 2, new series, p. 5. from England, and a Mr. George fluence. Whatever could be said Forrester, from Scotland, appeared without fear of palpable exposure or in Pittsburg the former an English of public indignation, to sustain the Baptist, the latter rather a Haldanian Anti-Slavery Society, and to impair than a Scotch Baptist. They were my reputation either for correct views both much in advance of the Regular or Christian principles, was either Baptists of Redstone Association, and said or insinuated in a cowardly and I had hoped for assistance from them. equivocal manner. To the shame of But neither of them could found a the religious press in Scotland, be it community in Pittsburg. Elder Jones spoken and published in America, migrated westwardly, and Mr. For- not one partizan paper had either the rester went into secular business. courage or magnanimity to tender to Neither of them, however, had pro- me its columns, or even to allow me gressed beyond the limits of James to appear in my own proper characHaldane or Andrew Fuller. If I appeared at all before their readers, it was with all the blemish and deformity of insinuation and abuse which they could heap upon A. C. LETTERS FROM EUROPE. NO. XVIII. ter. me. But they have their reward, and I can honestly say I envy them not. When I obtain information as to the result of the appeal to the Lords in Bank, which will be an ber, I will again introduce the subject: meantime I shall return to London, and pay a short visit to the British Museum. This immense quadrangular building, whose colonnaded front, consist MY DEAR CLARINDA-Having been by the force of circumstances compelled to advert to the scenes of my persecutions in Scotland, and consequent-nounced to me some time in Decemly, for the time being, to break in upon the method I had proposed to myself in giving regular continuous notes of my tour, I will now resume my original plan, and proceed to notice in order those objects of public interest which claimed my attentioning of forty-four columns of the Grein England, Scotland, and Ireland. cian Ionic order, extends full 370 feet, I have only to add, on the subject of and contains within it materials for the notices taken of my treatment in thought and reflection on the wonders Scotland, that the religious press of of Nature and of Art, which might that country exhibited an unusual employ the genius of the greatest want of candour in not giving to the philosopher and amateur of the works public an impartial and correct state- of God and of man for at least one ment of my position in the affair, as hundred years. Its front view is well as of my views on the subject of imposingly grand. Its forty-four coslavery. The only candid and vera-lumns, five feet in diameter at the cious notice which I saw in any of the bottom, stand upon a stylobate over ecclesiastic or abolitionist periodicals, five feet high, and tower some fortywas that of the Jersey Christian Re-five feet above, giving with the encord of September 20th, which you have seen in my last letter. tablature of the colonnade, a height of more than sixty-six feet. Its front The Glasgow Christian News, is not yet finished, and one of its though prevailed upon to publish quadrangles is still in progress. some communications from me, either Though not yet one hundred years preceded or succeeded them with such old, this grand edifice contains immisrepresentations, suppressions, or mense collections of ethnographical distortions of the premises and facts, curiosities, mammalia, minerals, oras to neutralize and impair their in-ganic remains, Roman sepulchral antiquities, Greek sculptures, Egyptian antiquities of all sorts, immense libraries of manuscripts and books of all languages, sciences, arts, &c. The library, it is said, now contains six hundred thousand volumes. We may say that this grand national institute began with the will of one individual, Sir Hans Sloane, a physician of much reputation, who, in addition to a large library, had collected many interesting objects of natural history as well as many works of art. These he offered on certain conditions to Parliament, in the time of George II. about the middle of the last century. Parliament accepted the conditions, ordered the purchase of these, and also of the Harlein Library of Manuscripts, and placed with these the Cottonian Library, given to the government for public good during the reign of William III., and in A.D. 1754 bought for these the Montague House in Great Russellstreet. Thus commenced the collections which in their immense aggregate now constitute the British Museum. Early in the present century, extensive importations from Alexandria monuments and antiquities, together with the purchase of the Townley marbles in 1805, suggested the necessity of a larger edifice. But the very magnificent donation of George IV. who presented to the nation the library collected by his father during his sixty years reign, constrained government to erect a grand museum, three sides of which are now completed, and the fourth, or western quadrangle, is now in progress. I can only give you a mere synopsis of its numerous various rich treasures. After ascending by a flight of stone steps at the foot of the Portico, one hundred and twenty-five feet wide, terminating in pedestals to receive magnificent groups of sculpture, we enter a hall 62 feet by 51, and 24 feet high. At the top of a splendid staircase we enter the suite of rooms set apart to Natural History. The Mammalia Saloon contains two series of animals, placed in two galleries. Of these there are not less than 166 cases. 1st class, rapacious beasts, beginning with the cat kind, at the head of which stands the South African lion, descending to the booted cat of the Cape of Good Hope, and the wild cats of Europe and Central America. There are thirtyone cases of rapacious animals, ending with the opossums of America and the eared seals of the African Capes. Next come the hoofed beasts, from the yac ox of Thibet down to the sloth of South America. Of these there are twenty-one cases. The varieties of antelopes, goats, sheep, and deer, to say nothing of other families, develope what varieties soil, climate, and food can effect in one and the same original species of animals. On the walls there are 35 cases of raptorial birds. These are divided into two departments-the diurnal raptorial and the nocturnal raptorial birds. Of the last there are but five cases beginning with the hawkowls, as the Canada owl, and ending with our barn owls. Of perching birds there are five divisions. These are the wide-gaped perching birds, as the goat-suckers, swallows, Javan night-bird; and 2nd, the Tenuirostral-such as the hoopers, sun-birds, humming birds, honey eaters, &c.; the Conirostral, such as crows, jays, thrushes, finches, larks, &c. ; the Scansorial-of these there are many divisions, parrots, cuckoos of all countries, woodpeckers, &c. cases. Of these there are some ten Next to these are the Gallinaceous embracing pigeons of all countries, turtles, doves, pheasants, peacocks, turkeys, partridges, grouse, &c. in all more than twenty cases. Then come the wading and the web-footed birds-beginning with ostriches, dodos, cranes, plovers, storks, ibises, turnstones, courses, &c. Then come the flamingos, passing through geese, swans, ducks, sea-parrots, gulls, pelicans, and tropic birds, more than I can enumerate. mental, as I have sometimes been disposed to allow to him. I see the archetype of much that we admired in the arts and contrivances of men in these works of God. Man has copied much more from Nature than any one believes. I see that many of the implements of industry in numerous human vocations, and many of the Next to these are arranged, in classic style, eggs of numerous families of birds, with some indications of the species to which they belong. In proximity to these are thirty tables of shells, beginning with molluscous uni-figures and decorations of art, have valves of the gasteropodous genus, been borrowed from the fowls of the and proceeding through the strombs air, the fish of the sea, and especially with their pink pearls; the murices, from such of them as carry with them with their angular or gadrooned their dwellings and their furniture. edges; the rock shells, with their Passing along the Eastern Zoologibeautifully ornamented foliaceous, cal Gallery, in five compartments curled, and spinous protuberances; stand some 120 portraits; amongst the cone shells, with the Gloria Ma- | which the most remarkable is that of ris, from the Philippines. Then Mary Davies, an inhabitant of Great come the spindle, the turnip, the Sanghall, Cheshire, aged 74. "At helmet species, &c. down to the land the age of 28 an excrescence grew shells, the fresh water shells, and the upon her head like a wen, which worm shells. After these the bivalves, continued 30 years, and then grew not yet fully assorted and arranged, into two horns, one of which the proextending from the lamp shells down file represents." to the Ammonites and Nautili, complete the department of conchology. To the conchologist the scientific classification of shells, and to the ornithologist the proper arangement of birds, exhibited here, cannot fail to be both useful and interesting. They have been so far perfected by amateurs and masters in these sciences, that, to students, a few hours here are worth as many weeks without these aids in forming comprehensive views of these very grand and beautiful departments of Nature. Few persons in the private walk of life, and but few even of those who have access to ordinary cabinets and collections in ornithology and conchology, can form any adequate idea of the number, variety, and riches of these kingdoms of Nature in furnishing materials of thought, admiration, and piety to those properly educated in the word and works of God. In surveying these demonstrations of ingenious designs and fine taste, I am less disposed to award so much originality to man in either science or art, useful or orna On entering the Northern Zoological Rooms, in the wall cases are exhibited the skulls of the larger mammalia, illustrative of species and genera; and in table cases the tubes of annulose animals; but in the second room we are at once introduced into the company of reptiles, radiated animals, sea eggs, sea stars, lizards, snakes, serpents both poisonous and harmless, tortoises, turtles, terrapins, crocodiles, Batrachian animals, toads, frogs, efts, and encrinites. In the third room we find the handed mammalia-apes, monkeys, baboons, thumbless monkeys, spider monkeys, night apes. Then the glirine mammalia, rising from the rat and the beaver to the flying squirrel, the porcupine, the souslicks, to the golden rats of Africa. Next to these stand the table cases, crowded with corals, star corals, maderpores, the red coral of the Mediterranean, gorgonai, cellepores, and horney sea weeds, &c. &c. In the fourth room, besides cabinets of crustacea, are twenty-six cases of fish, to which I paid but little attention, crowded and overwhelmed as my mind was with the innumerable variety of animated nature around me. Twelve tables of insects also contended for their rights. Rooms on the north side of the north wing are appropriated to mineralogical collections. Sixty cases display native iron, meteoric stones, copper, silver, sulphurets, oxides, aluminates, quartz, silicates, carbonates, sulphates, chlorides, fluorides, &c. statues innumerable of kings, queens, scribes, priests, military commanders ; very many statues of Pasht, the goddess, a celebrated divinity in Egypt; sarcophagi-these are numerous; coffins; sepulchral tablets-of these there are about 200 in all, one-third of all the antiquities in the Museum. Sepulchral altars are also numerous. Sepulchral urns, sepulchral shrines, and sepulchral columns, every where attest the Egyptian respect and devotion to the dead. Altars are also numerous small altars for libations. These, with sepulchral tablets, are often dedicated to the gods of Egypt, amongst whom we frequently see as Of the Galleries of Antiquities I can say little. In the Lycian Room are tombs, bas-reliefs, statues, sarcophagi. In the Greek Central Sa-sociated Osiris, Isis, and Horus. loon are Greek and Roman sculptures, urns, heads, busts, statues, &c. In the Elgin Saloon, in the Gallery of Antiquities, are no less than 388 specimens of Greek sculpture. But the Egyptian Saloon passes all description, containing no less than 600 specimens of Egyptian antiquities. Many of the articles deposited here were collected by the French in Egypt, and when Alexandria capitulated, November, 1801, they fell into the possession of the English. They were, in 1820, by order of George III. sent to the British Museum. Egyptian antiquities growing every year more and more interesting, I paid more attention to this rare and large collection than to anything in the Museum. Being curious to note the following particulars-1st, the subject; 2nd, the material of which it was composed, or upon which it was placed; 3rd, the age of it; and 4th, the design or object proposed, I made the following notes and observations:-The subjects were the heads of animals worshipped, and sometimes the whole animal, such as a lion couchant, a ram's head, a gryphon or hawk-headed sphinx, emblem of the divinity Muntra; heads and statues of Rameses II. or III.; colossal statues of Amenophes, or Memnon, a monarch of the 18th dynasty; Rameses is often seen adoring Osiris, Isis, and Horus. While altars and tablets are dedicated to Anubis, Socharis, Rashpu, Ra, &c. much the greater part are dedicated to Osiris. We sometimes find Christian sepulchral altars with Greek inscriptions. We also find fish, animals of various kinds-serpents, frequently their heads and parts of their bodies standing in sculptured majesty; ravenous birds and animals, sphinxes, parts of crocodiles. The materials of which they are composed are calcareous stone; red, black, and grey granite; white stone, white marble; basalt, dark and green; sandstone; arragonite; brownish breccia; nummulite, limestone, lyenite. But of these the calcareous stone is by far most common-next to it the different kinds of granite, and next the basalt. There are but very few on other materials. They are generally from the 12th to the 30th dynasty of kings; but the greater part are from the 18th to the 26th dynasty. Their object seems to be devotional-sacred to their gods, and to the memory of their distinguished kings, dignitaries, and ancestors. But yet we have another class of Egyptian antiquities-we have the Egyptian Room, with its ten cases of |