History of Greece

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The Corinthians prevail upon Argos to stand forward as head of a

new Peloponnesian alliance

Congress of recusant Peloponnesian allies at Corinth-the Manti-

neians join Argos-state of Arcadia-rivalship of Tegea and Man-

tineia.

Remonstrances of Lacedæmonian envoys at the congress at
Corinth-re-defence of the Corinthians-pretence of religious

scruple

The Boeotians and Megarians refuse to break with Sparta, or to

ally themselves with Argos-the Corinthians hesitate in actually

joining Argos......................

The Eleians become allies of Argos-their reasons for doing so-

relations with Lepreum-the Corinthians now join Argos also... 24

Refusal of Tegea to separate from Sparta.-The Corinthians are

disheartened their application through the Bœotians to Athens 27

The Lacedæmonians emancipate the Arcadian subjects of Manti-

neia-they plant the Brasidean Helots at Lepreum ........
Treatment of the Spartan captives after their liberation from Athens
and return to Sparta-they are disfranchised for a time and in a
qualified manner

The Athenians recapture Skiônê-put to death all the adult males 31

Political relations in Peloponnesus-change of Ephors at Sparta-

the new Ephors are hostile to Athens.......

Congress at Sparta-Athenian, Boeotian, and Corinthian deputies,

present-long debates, but no settlement attained of any one of

the disputed points-intrigues of the anti-Athenian Ephors--

Kleobulus and Xenarês

These Ephors try to bring about underhand an alliance between

Sparta and Argos, through the Baotians-the project fails...... 34

The Lacedæmonians conclude a special alliance with the Boeotians,

thereby violating their alliance with Athens-the Baotians raze

Panaktum to the ground.......

Application from the Argeians to Sparta, to renew the expiring

treaty. Project of renewed treaty agreed upon. Curious sti-

pulation about combat by champions, to keep the question open

about the title to Thyrea

Lacedæmonian envoys go first to Boeotia, next to Athens-they

find Panaktum demolished-they ask for the cession of Pylus

from Athens .....

རྨ་མཚ

The envoys are badly received at Athens-angry feeling against

the Lacedæmonians

Alkibiadês stands forward as a party-leader. His education and

character

... ib.

Great energy and capacity of Alkibiadês in public affairs-his reck-

..................

less expenditure-lawless demeanour-unprincipled character,
inspiring suspicion and alarm-military service.......

Alkibiadês-Sokratês--the Sophists

Conflicting sentiments entertained towards Alkibiadês—his great

energy and capacity. Admiration, fear, hatred, and jealousy,

which he inspires

Alkibiadês tries to renew the ancient, but interrupted connection

..... 56

of his ancestors with Lacedæmon, as proxeni................................
The Spartans reject his advances—he turns against them, alters his
politics, and becomes their enemy at Athens..............

He tries to bring Athens into alliance with Argos.....

He induces the Argeians to send envoys to Athens-the Argeians

eagerly embrace this opening, and drop their negotiations with

Sparta

......

.... 59

Embassy of the Lacedæmonians to Athens, to press the Athenians

not to throw up the alliance. The envoys are favourably re-

ceived...........

Trick by which Alkibiadês cheats and disgraces the envoys, and

baffles the Lacedæmonian project. Indignation of the Athenians

against Sparta

Nikias prevails with the assembly to send himself and others as
envoys to Sparta, in order to clear up the embarrassment

Failure of the embassy of Nikias at Sparta-Athens concludes the

alliance with Argos, Elis, and Mantineia

Conditions of this convention and alliance.......

Complicated relations among the Grecian states as to treaty and

alliance....

Olympic festival of the 90th Olympiad-July 420 B.C., its memo-
rable character

First appearance of Athens at the Olympic festival since the begin-

ning of the war. Immense display of Alkibiadês in the chariot-

race

New policy of Athens, tempted by Alkibiadês
Expedition of Alkibiadês into the interior of Peloponnesus
Attack upon Epidaurus by Argos and Athens

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CHAPTER LVI.

From the Festival of Olympiad 90, down to the Battle of

Mantineia.

The Eleians exclude the Spartan sacred legation from this Olympic
festival, in consequence of alleged violation of the Olympic truce 77

Alarm felt at the festival lest the Spartans should come in arms...

Depressed estimation of Sparta throughout Greece-Herakleia

Movements of the Spartans and Argeians

The sacred month Karneius-trick played by the Argeians with

their calendar

..... 89

Congress at Mantineia for peace-the discussions prove abortive. 91

Athenian lordship of the sea-the alliance between Athens and

Sparta continues in name, but is indirectly violated by both ... 95

Invasion of Argos by Agis and the Lacedæmonians, Boeotians, and

Corinthians

Approach of the invaders to Argos by different lines of march 97

Superior forces and advantageous position of the invaders-danger

of Argos-Agis takes upon him to grant an armistice to the

Argeians, and withdraws the army-dissatisfaction of the allies. 99

Severe censure against Agis on his return to Sparta..............

101

Tardy arrival of Alkibiadês, Lachês, &c. with the Athenian contin-

......

106

107

gent at Argos-expedition of Athenians, Eleians, Mantineians,

and Argeians, against the Arcadian town of Orchomenus......... 102

Plans against Tegea-the Eleians return home......

103

Danger of Tegea-Agis and the Lacedæmonians march to its relief 104

Manœuvres of Agis to bring on a battle on fair ground

Forward march and new position of the Argeians....

The Lacedæmonians are surprised: their sudden and ready forma-

tion into battle order

Gradation of command and responsibility peculiar to the Lacedæ-

monian army

109

Lacedæmonian line: privileged post of the Skiritæ on the left ib.

Uncertain numbers of both armies .....

.....

110

112

Preliminary harangues to the soldiers........

Battle of Mantineia

114

Movement ordered by Agis, on the instant before the battle his
order disobeyed. His left wing is defeated

Complete ultimate victory of the Lacedæmonians....

Great effects of the victory in re-establishing the reputation of

...

....

......

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88

Sparta

120

122

Operations of Argeians, Eleians, &c., near Epidaurus

Political change at Argos, arising out of the battle of Mantineia... 123

Oligarchical conspiracy of the Thousand-regiment at Argos, in con-

cert with the Lacedæmonians

Treaty of peace between Sparta and Argos

Treaty of alliance between Sparta and Argos-dissolution of the

alliance of Argos with Athens, Mantineia, and Elis

Submission of Mantineia to Sparta.......

Oligarchical revolution effected at Argos by the Thousand, in con-

cert with the Lacedæmonians

Oligarchy in Sikyôn and the towns in Achaia

Violences of the Thousand at Argos: counter-revolution in that

town restoration of the democracy

134

Proceedings of the restored Argeian Demos: tardiness of Sparta. 136

Alk iadês at Argos: measures for the protection of the democracy 138

Nominal peace, but precarious relations, between Athens and

Sparta

Relations of Athens with Perdikkas of Macedonia

Negligence of Athens about Amphipolis: improvidence of Nikias

and the peace-party adventurous speculations of Alkibiadês... 142

Projected contention of ostracism between Nikias and Alkibiadês.

...

Proposition supported by Hyperbolus..................

Gradual desuetude of the ostracism, as the democracy became as-

sured

Siege of Mêlos by the Athenians..................................
Dialogue set forth by Thucydidês, between the Athenian envoys
and the Executive Council of Mêlos..........
Language represented by Thucydidês as having been held by the
Athenian envoys-with the replies of the Melians ....................

Refusal of the Melians to submit....

Siege and capture of Mêlos

Remarks upon the event................

.......

View taken by Thucydidês of this incident

Place which it occupies in the general historical conception of

Thucydidês

160

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....

140

141

CHAPTER LVII.

Sicilian Affairs after the Extinction of the Gelonian Dynasty.

Expulsion of the Gelonian dynasty from Syracuse, and of other
despots from the other Sicilian towns......................

Large changes of resident inhabitants-effects of this fact.......... 164

Relative power and condition of the Sicilian cities. Political dis-

163

166

167

sensions at Syracuse. Ostracism tried and abandoned............ 165
Power and foreign exploits of Syracuse
Sikels in the interior of Sicily-the Sikel prince Duketius-he
founds the new Sikel town of Palikê....

Exploits of Duketius-he is defeated and becomes the prisoner of

the Syracusans, who spare him and send him to Corinth......... 168

Duketius breaks his parole and returns to Sicily.........

170

Conquests of Syracuse in the interior of Sicily-death of Duketius 171

Prosperity and power of Agrigentum

173

Intellectual movement in Sicily-Empedoklês-Tisias-Korax-

Gorgias