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4. "Here's the paper signed that frees

you,

Give a freeman's shout with me'God and Union' be our watchword

Evermore in Tennessee!"

5. "And Barton, I wish you'd let the children come when I'm buried. They'll come, if you'll jest let 'em know. Always trust the children." H. W. Beecher.

(See The Baron's Last Banquet, page 209.)

CHAPTER VII.

THE ART OF VOCAL EXPRESSION.

After deducting action and attitude, about all that remains in reading and in speech, is the harmonizing of sound and sense. This harmony is secured through the modulations of the voice.

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Sepulchral sentiments, sentiments of awe, superstition, secrecy, grief, overwhelming fear, inexpressible contempt, etc., require low pitch.

Exercises.

1. We turn the pages that they read, Their written words we linger o'er, But in the sun they cast no shade, No voice is heard, no sign is made, No step is on the conscious floor! 2. And when I am forgotten, as I shall be, and sleep in dull, cold marble, where no more mention of me must be made—say, I taught thee.

- Whittier.

Shakspere.

3. Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher. Vanity of vanities; all is vanity. -Bible.

4. For in that sleep of death, what dreams may come,
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,

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Conversational, unemotional, plain narration, ordinary description, and similar sentiments, demand medium pitch.

Exercises in Middle Key.

1. There is that scattereth, and yet increaseth; and there is that withholdeth more than is meet, but it tendeth to poverty.—Bible.

2. The Sabbath day was ending in a village by the sea,
The uttered benediction touched the people tenderly;
And they rose to face the sunset in the glowing, lighted west,
And then hastened to their dwellings for God's blessed boon
-M. Farringham.

of rest.

3. Whatever the lagging, dragging journey may have been to the rest of the emigrants, it was a wonder and delight to the children-a world of enchantment. Mark Twain.

4. On the first day of March it was, that Tommy Taft had been unquietly sleeping in the forenoon to make up for a disturbed night. -Beecher.

5. Listeners, will you please cast your minds over the following lines and see if you can find anything harmful in them:

Conductor, when you receive a fare,

Punch in the presence of the passenjare.
A blue-trip slip for an eight-cent fare,
A buff-trip slip for a six-cent fare,
A pink-trip slip for a three-cent fare-
Punch in the presence of the passenjare.

-Mark Twain.

(See The Literary Nightmare, page 235.)

Sentiments of joy, spirituality, intense excitement, exaltation, calling, command, fright, rage, etc., should be given in high key.

Exercises in High Key.

1. Hurrah! Hurrah! a single field hath turned the chance of

war.

Hurrah! Hurrah! for Ivry and King Henry of Navarre.

2. Give thanks, for your son has saved our land, And God has saved his life!

- Macaulay.

-Phoebe Cary.

3. Were I Brutus, and Brutus Antony,
There were an Antony would ruffle up
Your spirits, and put a tongue in

Every wound of Cæsar, that should

Move the stones of Rome, to rise and mutiny.

--Shakspere.

4. O! you and I have heard our fathers say,

5.

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There was a Brutus once, that would have brook'd

The eternal devil to keep his state in Rome,

As easily as a king.

-Shakspere.

'Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!” I shriek'd,

upstarting

"Get thee back into the tempest and Night's Plutonian shore! Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath

spoken!

Leave my loneliness unbroken-quit the bust above my

door!

Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!"

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PHYSICAL FORCE-MORAL FORCE.

The two may coincide. Many times they do not. There are those who, while putting forth prodigious physical effort, render themselves only ridiculous or disgusting, because they are wanting in moral power.

Again, there are those who are almost faultless in their artistic methods, but lack a living, breathing, vivifying soul. They can not move or magnetize the hearer.

Earnestness, honesty, fervor, can not prudently dispense with art, learning, law, but were we driven to a choice we would say-give us the first named trinity.

One may be earnest and honest, while at the same time he may be awkward and inefficient. A man may be honest and yet in error.

Hence we would urge that all his warmth, and glow, and impetuosity, be put under the dominion of an intelligent, educated spirit. For convenience, we will make the same illustrations serve both forms of force.

Examples.

Great Moral Force.

Subdued Physical Force.

1. How like a fawning publican he looks!

I hate him, for he is a Christian,

But more for that, in low simplicity,

He lends out money gratis, and brings down

The rate of usance here with us in Venice. Shakspere

Full Physical Force.

{Slight Moral Force

2. Let me play the fool:

With mirth and laughter let old wrinkles come,

And let my liver rather heat with wine

Than my heart cool with mortifying groans. Shakspere.

J Full Physical Force.

Full Moral Force.

3. The blood which you seek is not congealed by the artificial terrors which surround your victim; it circulates warmly and unruffled through the channels which God created for noble purposes, but which you are bent to destroy for purposes so grievous that they cry out to heaven. -Robert Emmett.

Slight Physical Force.
Slight Moral Force.

4. Love is merely a madness, and I tell you, deserves as well a dark house and a whip as madmen do; and the reason why they are not so punished and cured is, that the lunacy is so ordinary that the whippers are in love too. -Shakspere's Rosalind.

Physically, sentiments of majesty, dignity, heroism, dramatic fire, unbridled rage, stern command, shouting, calling aloud, etc., demand full force. The expression of intense passion, good or ill, demands much force.

Moderation, in all its forms, would call for medium moral or physical force.

Sentiments serene, reposeful, connected, trivial, playful, unemotional, would call for little physical force. Oppressiveness, exhaustion, the sepulchral, the superstitious, the awe-inspiring, the secretive, the pathetic, etc., demand a subdued form of force

VOLUME.

The power to convince, or please, or persuade, is not always in proportion to the amount of noise that is made. There may be great volume with indistinct

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