1561; nominated Master of Trinity, August 25, of that year; appointed archdeacon of Huntingdon, 1560; prebendary of Ely, 1564, and in the same year proceeded D.D. He was vice-chancellor of the University in 1564, and again for a part of the year 1566; and still held that office when he died, on the 6th of June, 1567. He was a benefactor to Trinity College; although his rule there seems to have occasioned an appeal to the visitor. Among the MSS. in Corpus Christi College is a letter of his, desiring a dispensation to eat flesh in Lent. He is described by Dr. Baker, List of the Margaret Professors in the preface to Bishop Fisher's funeral sermon on the Countess of Richmond,- -as "a learned, good man, but deeply tinctured," probably with the doctrines of the Romish Church. In Peck's Desiderata Curiosa, book xviii. sect. xvii., mention is made of his reception of Queen Elizabeth at Trinity Gate, when she visited the University of Cambridge, in 1564,-he "stood at the East Gate, and caused an oration in Greek to be made to Her Highness." --Cole's Athenæ, B. 186, MSS. xli. 161, xlv. 225; Preface to Bishop Fisher's Sermon, lxvi.; Dr. Bentley's Letter to Bishop of Ely, 53; Le Neve's Fasti, 394; Willis's Cath. Surv. ii. 108. 258; Fuller's Cambridge, 175.]

'T. BROWNE, prebendary of Westminster, 1565; died, 1584. [Sub-dean of the church; died May 2, 1585; buried in the North Transept of Westminster Abbey.-Antiquities of St. Peter's, Westminster, 290; Widmore, 219 and 227.]

2 T. GODWIN, dean of Canterbury, 1567; Bishop of Bath and Wells, 1584; died 1590, aged 73. [Began his education in the school of his native town of Oakingham, Berks; was sent to Oxford, 1538; B.A. of Magdalen College, 1543; chosen fellow of that college, 1544; M.A. 1547. Being molested in the college for his inclination to the doctrines of the Reformation, he vacated his fellowship, on being presented by that society to the charge of the school at Brackley, Northamptonshire.

During the reign of Queen Mary, he was silenced, and forced to study physic to maintain himself and his family, to which end he took the degree of B.M. 1555. On the accession of Elizabeth, he was ordained and made chaplain to Bishop Bullyngham, by whom he was appointed to preach several times before the queen, who, in

June, 1565, conferred on him the deanery of Christ Church, which he resigned on his promotion to Canterbury. He accumulated the degrees of B. and D.D., 1565. In 1565, he was nominated a prebendary of Lincoln, a benefice which he gave up in 1583; on his promotion to the see of Wells, he gave up the deanery of Canterbury, having, in 1570, repaired the buildings of that preferment. He was at one time in great favour with Queen Elizabeth, and, for eighteen years, had always preached before her in Lent; but he fell into disgrace at the suggestion of Sir Walter Raleigh (who was anxious to obtain long leases of the episcopal lands), on account of a second marriage which he had made.

He is represented as mild, learned, charitable and judicious; and therefore Wood adds, it is "not to be doubted, but when he lost this life, he won heaven." He died at Oakingham, whither he had removed by the advice of his physicians, on the 19th of November, 1590; he was buried there, and had a monument erected to him by his son Francis, afterwards Bishop of Hereford, the famous antiquarian. In addition to his mental attainments, Fuller says that "he was tall and comely in person, qualities which endeared him to Queen Elizabeth, who loved good parts well, but better when in a goodly person." Ath. Ox. ii. 827-9; Fasti, i. 118. 126. 147 and 168; Willis's Cath. Surv. ii. 205. 221; Hasted's Kent, iv. 590; Lyson's Berkshire, 442; Fuller's Worthies, i. 128-9.]

3 T. COOPER, first M.B., afterwards S.T.P., vice-chancellor 1567, 1568, 1569 and 1570; dean of Gloucester, 1569; bishop of Lincoln, 1570; bishop of Winchester, 1584; died, 1594. [T. Couper, or Cooper, was born in Oxford, and bred there, having commenced his education in the school adjoining St. Mary Magdalen College, of which house he was a chorister; took the degree of B.A., and was chosen Probationary Fellow, 1539, and Perpetual Fellow in the year following; M.A. 1543;-made master of the School at Magdalen College;-resigned his fellowship, 1546; studied medicine, and proceeded M.B. 1556; he practised that science during the reign of Queen Mary, but, on the accession of Elizabeth, returned to the study of divinity; and accumulated his degrees in that branch of learning in 1566. He was presented to the deanery of Christ Church, April 28, in the following year; he kept the deanery of Gloucester but a few months. In 1573,

C

he procured his own nomination to a prebendal stall at Lincoln, which he held in commendam with the see until 1581; Mr. Willis records the fact as the first instance in this cathedral of such a singular nomination, and is at a loss to account for its occurrence.

Cooper's vast erudition and industry, and also his piety and integrity, caused him to be much esteemed and respected.

He published " Thesaurus Linguæ Romanæ et Britannica," called Cooper's Dictionary, compiled on the foundation of Sir Thomas Eliot's Dictionary, and several other works, chiefly on practical and controversial divinity. He died April 29, 1594, at Winchester, and was buried in the cathedral there, where there is a flat marble gravestone to his memory; the inscription on which gives him the designation of "Munificentissimus, doctissimus, vigilantissimus præsul."

It may be noticed that it was in his time that Lord Leicester, being chancellor of the University, assumed the power of nominating the commissary, -as the chancellor's deputy was then called,and Dean Cooper was the first commissary whose designation was changed to that of vice-chancellor, a title which he assumed 1569.-Ath. Ox. i. 608-13; Fasti Ox. i. 109. 118. 150 and 172-3; Hist. and Antiq. iii. 321. 351 and 439, Appx. 101-4; Willis's Cath. Surv. i. 729, ii. 66. 155. 440; Milner's Winchester, 378.]

J. WHITGIFT, Margaret Professor of Divinity, 1563; chaplain to Queen Elizabeth, 1567; master of Pembroke Hall, 1567; Regius Professor of divinity, 1568; prebendary of Ely and dean of Lincoln: bishop of Worcester, 1577; and archbishop of Canterbury, 1583; died, 1604. -Biographia Britannica, vii. 4231. [The last, and perhaps the most distinguished, of the three divines, whom Queen Elizabeth raised to the primacy-her White-Gift, as she called him; a pun repeated in the following couplet,

"Sic asuxodwgov te præstas, nomine, reque,

Candorem gestans ore, animo, ingenio."

He was of an ancient and respectable descent: His father, Henry Whitgift, was a merchant at Great Grimsby, in Lincolnshire. John, the eldest of six sons, was born in Yorkshire, 1530; his early education was intrusted to his uncle, Robert Whitgift, who was Abbot of Wellow, in the first-named county; a choice which greatly influenced the course of the future archbishop; for this abbot is said to have been so deeply sensible of the corrupt manners of the clergy and laity of the Romish Church, as to have foretold from them the blow which she received in England. John Whitgift's distaste for Romish ceremonies was early manifested; for, on being committed to the care of an aunt, in St. Paul's Churchyard, during his stay at St. Anthony's School, a seminary then, and for long before, held in great esteem, he positively refused to attend mass at St. Paul's, and was, in consequence, dismissed by his relative. He was sent to Cambridge, and entered first at Queen's College, 1548, but removed afterwards to Pembroke Hall, of which Bishop Ridley was then master; and where Bradford-also a martyr-was his tutor, and

Grindal, a fellow; B.A. 1534; M.A. 1557. Chosen, in 1555, a fellow of Peterhouse, he found a true friend in Dr. Perne, the master, who stopped him from quitting the country in the reign of Queen Mary, and defended him from the fiery clutches of Cardinal Pole when he visited the University. He became president of this college under Dr. Perne; was ordained 1560; B.D. 1563; D.D. 1567;-admitted to the mastership of Trinity, July, 1567;-served the office of vice-chancellor to the University in 1570 and in 1573. In December, 1568, he was made chaplain to Bishop Coxe, rector of Teversham, Cambridgeshire, and prebendary of Ely. He resigned Teversham in 1572; in that year he was chosen prolocutor of the Convocation. He was promoted to the deanery of Lincoln, 1571; and, in the following year, a prebendal stall in the same cathedral was added to that dignity: he resigned all his preferments upon his appointment to Worcester; and was consecrated bishop of that see at Lambeth, April 21, 1577. "And thus," says Strype, "from being a chief honour and stay of learning in the University, he was called out to serve and govern the Church." The bishop remained master of Trinity College until June, when, as a mark of respect to one who had done so much for them, the University, represented by the heads of houses, and a numerous train of scholars, accompanied him from Cambridge, on his journey towards his new diocese. He had the credit of leaving in a very quiet state his college, which, when he took the charge of it, he had found very disorderly. He was likewise made vice-president of the Marches of Wales, and, in that capacity, gave further proofs of his talents for governing. He had before been celebrated for his management of his colleges and of the University; in the latter he was the great restorer of discipline and order, which was then at a very low ebb. In token of his merit the salary of the Lady Margaret Professor was raised during his occupancy of the chair. He moved for, and obtained leave to compile, new statutes for the University in 1570; and about this time his famous and long-protracted controversy with Cartwright began. The latter was removed from the Margaret professorship in 1570, thongh he retained his fellowship, which he vacated, from neglecting to take orders, in 1572.

Archbishop Whitgift was noted for his primitive manners, his singleness of mind, and the patience of his disposition; and although royal favours were showered plentifully on him they did not corrupt the purity of his character. Fuller calls him "one of the worthiest men the English hierarchy ever did enjoy." He was a great encourager of learning, and a benefactor to learned men, not in England only, but also in foreign parts. His mild and moderate behaviour is said to have won many persons from the errors of the Romish faith.

He showed himself a staunch defender of the rights and liberties of the clergy; and has the great merit of having stopped the sale and purchase of places in the University over which he presided.

He was a benefactor to Trinity College, by the gift of many MS. volumes of rare value. To

Pembroke Hall, he bequeathed the MS. of the Complutensian Bible; and at Peterhouse he founded a Bible clerkship, in conjunction with his kinswoman, Mrs. Fulnetby. In 1595, he began the free school and hospital at Croydon, which "he beautifully built, and bountifully endowed."

In 1582, he was called upon to visit the diocese of Lichfield, then in some disorder, and was instrumental in the formation of a divinity lecture in that cathedral.

He was sworn a privy councillor in February 1585.

When his predecessor at Canterbury fell into disgrace at court, the queen offered the see to him, but he refused to accept it, though pressed by Grindal to do so, until after the latter prelate's death. Also, on the death of the Lord Chancellor, Sir Thomas Bromley, in 1587, Whitgift was offered the seals by Queen Elizabeth, and, upon his refusal of them, they were given, at his recommendation, to Sir Christopher Hatton.

The archbishop was the chief mourner at the queen's funeral; he also crowned her successor, and, of course, took a prominent part in the conference between the Conformists and Nonconformists, before King James, at Hampton Court, in January, 1604, where it is said that he spake most gravely. He did not long survive this conference, but died February 29,- of a palsy, brought on by going in his barge to attend a meeting of bishops at Fulham,—and was interred at Croydon, where there is a monument in remembrance of him. Strype gives him this-surely no mean-praise,that he left the Church of England, notwithstanding mighty opposition, in the good estate and condition it was at first, most happily reformed." Camden alleges him to have died of grief for the evil days which he foreboded for the Church.-Cole's MSS. xlv. 225; Le Neve's Fasti, 396 and 397; Mr. Baker's Catalogue of Lady Margaret Professors, lxiii.; Strype's Life of Whitgift; Willis's Cath. Surv. i. 631. 647, ii. 78. 225 and 381; Fuller's Church Hist. iii. 60. 66. 172-92 and 198-201,Worthies, ii. 276, Hist. of Cambridge, 175. 177.]

'J. PIERS, prebendary of Chester, 1567; dean of Chester and master of Baliol College, 1570;

1570. Francis Howlyn.

1572.

Edward Graunte2.

John Prise.

1572. Frobrusher.

1573.

John Graunte.

1574.

Thomas Atkinson.

1575.

Will. Camden3.

dean of Salisbury, 1571; bishop of Rochester and lord high almoner, 1576; bishop of Salisbury, 1577; and archbishop of York, 1588; died, 1594, aged 71. [Of the family of Piers, of Studhampton, near Dorchester;-a native of South Hinxsey, Berks; and educated, like his two predecessors, in Magdalen College, having received his first rudiments of learning at the school attached to it; admitted B.A. 1545; M.A. 1549; having been chosen probationer fellow of his college in the preceding year. He had, before this, been elected a senior student of Christ Church, but obtained leave to give it up at the end of a year;—was appointed divinity reader to his house. Rector of Quainton, Bucks, from 1558, until his removal to Chester, 1567; B.D. 1558; D.D. 1565; was master of Baliol from May, 1570, until May, 1571; and held his deanery of Christ Church until his elevation to a bishopric in 1576; with it, too, he held in commendam the deanery of Chester and the rectories of Langdon, in the diocese of London, and of Philingham, in that of Lincoln; he was appointed to the former in 1567, and resigned it in 1573; he gave up his stall at Chester on being nominated to the deanery, and that deanery on his appointment to the deanery of Salisbury, but held the latter office in commendam until trans

lated to that bishopric. He died at Bishopsthorpe, Sept. 28, 1594, and was buried in York Cathedral, where there is a monument to him. He left behind him (says Wood) "the character of a great and modest theologist:" he was also remarkable for the singlenesss and disinterestedness with which he dealt with the revenues of his sees, of which he granted no leases, and also for his learning, erudition, and beneficence. His picture is in Christ Church Hall.-Ath. Ox. ii. 835-6; Fasti Ox. i. 121. 129. 155 and 169; Hist. and Antiq. iii. 84 and 439, and Appx. 297; Willis, i. 50; Le Neve's Fasti, 260. 264; Lipscombe's Bucks, i. 421; Ormerod's Chester, i. 220 and 222.]

2 E. GRANT, prebendary of Westminster, 1577; the most noted Latinist and Grecian of his time; died, 1601. [E. Graunte, or Grant, may be claimed as an old Westminster, for Anthony à Wood tells us that he "was educated in grammar learning in the college school at Westminster,"

and afterwards studied logic and philosophy at Christ Church, or Broadgates Hall; in 1571, he was admitted to the degree of B.A.; and, in 1572, to that of M.A., being styled of Exeter College; admitted B.D. of Cambridge, 1573; and incorporated in that degree at Oxford in 1579; he took a D.D. degree at Cambridge in 1589. He was appointed rector of South Bemflete, Essex, December, 1584, and continued in it for one year, when he was presented to the rectories of Brintree and Foulsham, Norfolk; he was also nominated rector of East Barnet, Herts, 1591, and of Topplesfield, Middlesex, 1598, both which livings he held till his death. He resigned the head-mastership of the school in February, 1592; and died August 4, 1601, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

He published "Græcæ Linguæ Spicilegium" in 1575; it was afterwards abridged by Camden (see below) in 1597. He was also the author of several poems prefixed to various books; among them, of one to Camden's Britannia, and of the funeral oration on the death of Roger Ascham, whose letters and poems he collected and published, with some new matter of his

own.

Mr. Hallam,-to prove that "even before the middle of the queen's reign the rudiments of the Greek language were imparted to boys at Westminster School,"-quotes Grant's Spicilegium, and an edition of Constantius' Lexicon, which Grant superintended, "enriching it with four or five thousand new words, which he most likely took from Stephen's Thesaurus," and adds the authority of Harrison's preface to Holinshed, about 1586, for the fact that the boys of the three great collegiate schools were "well entered in the knowledge of the Latin and Greek tongues and rules of versifying."-Ath. Ox. i. 711-13; Fasti Ox. i. 187. 189. 214; Widmore's Westminster Abbey, 223 and 227; Newcourt's Rep. i. 806. 928, ii. 48 and 607; Lyson's Environs, iv. 17; Hallam's Literature, ii. 56. 59.]

3 W. CAMDEN, prebendary of Salisbury, 1589; head-master of Westminster School, 1593; Clarencieux king-at-arms, 1597; founder of the history professorship, Oxford, 1622; author of the Britannia and Life of Queen Elizabeth; a most learned writer, a diligent antiquary, and impartial historian; died 1623, aged 73.-Biographia Britanica, iii. 153. [Two parishes in the city of London claim the honour of being the birth-place of the Learned William Cambden, or Camden; for he was born May 2, 1551, in the Old Bailey, which is partly in the parish of St. Sepulchre's, and partly in that of St. Martin's, Ludgate. His father was Sampson Camden, a native of Lichfield, but a citizen and painter-stainer of London. He received the rudiments of his great learning in the new-founded school of Christ's Hospital, whence he was removed to St. Paul's School. In 1566, he was placed in Magdalen College as a servitor, and perfected himself in grammar learning in the school, under the tuition of Dr. Thos. Cooper (see page 9). Having failed to obtain a demy's place, he betook himself for two years and a half to Broadgates Hall, under Dr. Thornton,

canon of Christ Church, who invited him to Christ Church, and entertained him there during the remainder of his residence in the University.

Camden had been brought up in the reformed religion, and was very faithful to that creed; his steady adherence to it at this time lost him his election at All Souls, where he was opposed by all the Romish fellows. In 1571, he withdrew from Oxford, to which he returned for a short time in 1573. Dean Goodman (see page 7) gave him much assistance in his studies, as did also the dean's nephew, Godfrey, the father of him who was elected to Cambridge in 1599, and it was by Dr. Godfrey Goodman's recommendation that he received, in 1575, the appointment of Second Master, which was changed to that of Head Master in March, 1592-3. In 1610, he was appointed Historian to the newly formed college at Chelsea.

He published, in 1597, "Institutio Græcæ Grammaticæ compendiaria in Usum Scholæ Regiæ Westmonasteriensis." This grammar has been through more than a hundred editions. In 1600, and 1606, appeared "Reges, Reginæ, Nobiles, et alii, in Ecclesià Collegiatâ B. Petri Westmonasterii sepulti usque ad 1600." But the first edition of his most celebrated work-his Britannia-appeared before any of his other writings; he devoted all the energies of his cultivated mind, and all the strength of his bodily frame, to the production of it; for, notwithstanding several severe illnesses and bodily infirmities, he made many long journeys in pursuit of his antiquarian and historical researches. The first edition was printed in octavo, 1586; another, in 1587; and a third, in 1590. Two quarto editions were published, one in 1594, the other in 1600, and a folio edition in 1607. It was besides reprinted in several towns on the continent. Translations into English were published by Philemon Holland and Bishop Gibson: referring to the latter is the following passage in Evelyn's Diary, Feb. 13, 1695. "The new edition of Camden's Britannia was now published with greate additions: those to Surrey were mine, so that I had one presented to me." It was also translated into French. The first half of his Annals of Queen Elizabeth, to the year 1588, appeared in 1615, and the remainder followed in 1627. Camden's last sickness overtook him before he had completed the Annals of James the First's reign, although he had written a skeleton history up to August 18, 1623. This work was left in MS. in the author's own hand, and, upon Bishop Hacket's death, was deposited in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge.

He died at Chiselhurst, Kent, where he had lived during the latter years of his life, November 9, 1623. His remains were, however, brought to Westminster, where they were laid in state for some days, and interred in the Abbey on the 19th. His monument is in the south transept.

The University of Oxford, to mark their sense of his munificent liberality towards their Society, caused an oration to be delivered in his honour, which was made by Z. Townley. (See Election, 1615.) This oration was published, with the addition of numerous poems in celebration of Camden's memory, under the title of "Camdeni Insignia," 1624. Anthony à Wood has this

character of him: that he was a "very good-natured man, was very mild and charitable, and that nothing was wanting in him for the compleating a good Christian. He was an exact critic and philologist, an excellent Grecian, Latinist, and historian, and, above all, a profound antiquary, as his elaborate works do testify. All which accomplishments being compacted in a little body, made him not only admired at home by the chiefest of the nobility, and the most learned of the nation, but also beyond the seas," &c. He corresponded

with the most learned men of his time abroad. In a letter to Archbishop Usher he himself gives a beautifully simple account of his manner of life almost from his youth up. In the concluding paragraph is the following high-minded passage:"I know not who may justly say I was ambitious, who contented myself in Westminster School when I writ my Britannia, and eleven years afterward, who refused a mastership of requests offered, and then had the place of a kingat-arms, without any suit, cast upon me. I did never set sail after present preferments, or desired to soar higher by others. I never made suit to any man, no not to His Majesty, but for a matter of course incident to my place, neither (God be praised) I needed, having gathered a contented sufficiency by my long labours in the school.

His picture hangs in the History School, and in the Bodleian Library, at Oxford.—Ath. Ox. ii. 339-50; Fasti Ox. i. 185. 193; Hist. and Antiq. II. 314; Pt. ii. 878. 979; Newcourt's Rep. i. 587; Evelyn's Memoirs, iii. 340; Granger's Biog. Hist. iii. 141.]

'T. MATHEW, public orator, 1569; canon of Christ Church, and archdeacon of Bath, 1570; prebendary of Salisbury, and president of St. John's College, 1572; vice-chancellor, 1579; chaunter of Salisbury, and dean of Durham, 1583; bishop of Durham, 1594; and archbishop of York, 1606; died, 1628, aged 82. [Of Herefordshire extraction, but born in Bristol, and sent to Wells for the rudiments of his education; entered the University of Oxford in 1559, at the early age of 13. Strype informs us that he was bred at St. John's College, but, being made a student of Christ Church, he took the degree of M.A. at that college, 1566, about which time he was ordained by Bishop Jewell; and Wood says that he was "much respected for his great learning, eloquence, sweet conversation, friendly disposition, and sharpness of his wit." It is related of him that, when Queen Elizabeth was at Oxford, in 1566, he so pleased her by the oration he delivered after her dinner at Christ Church, that she nominated him her scholar, and afterwards, on account of his admirable manner

of preaching, that princess constituted him her chaplain. He became a prebendary of Wells, and accumulated the degrees in Divinity, 1574; resigned the chauntership of Sarum in February, 1584; was rector of Bishop's Wearmouth, Durham, from May 28, 1590, until he became Bishop of Durham.

He was a learned man, and had a great reputation for scholarship, and his nomination to a bishopric is said to have given general satisfaction, especially to the clergy. Strype calls him "a great light of the Church of England, a great preacher, and a pious and holy man.' Yet Queen Elizabeth "stuck a good while in confirming Cecil's designation of him to the deanery of Durham, "because of his youth and marriage." He once, too, refused the bishopric of that see, when he found Sir Walter Raleigh bent upon obtaining a portion of its lands. Fuller describes him as a man of wit, and yet of gravity, and as possessing a handsome person.

He defended the rights of his see against the encroachments of the crown with great firmness, and was successful in several lawsuits against the queen, though he seems to have been more compliant towards her successor. In 1603, he met King James, on his way to England, at Berwick, preached to him in that town, and escorted him to Durham, where he slept. Bishop Mathew was also present at the Hampton Court Conference in that year.

He was interred in York Cathedral, and a conspicuous memorial erected over his tomb. He published a Latin sermon against Campian, the Jesuit, and a letter to James I. He left other works ready for the press, but they do not appear to have been ever published. A record of the sermons which he preached shows that he preached 721 as Dean of Durham; as Bishop, 550; as Archbishop, 721.-Ath. Ox. ii. 869-77; Fasti, i. 172. 194. 196; Hist. and Antiq. ii. 163, Part ii. 904: iii. 55. 439. 545; Willis's Cath. Surv. i. 52-4. 248. 254; ii. 440. 449; Strype's Annals, II. i. 514, 515; III. i. 684; Fuller's Church Hist. iii. 358 9; Surtees' Hist. of Durham, I. vii., lxxx., 231.]

2 J. STILL, prebendary of Westminster, 1573; archdeacon of Sudbury, 1576; bishop of Bath and Wells, 1592; died, 1607. [The son of William Still, of Grantham, Lincolnshire. M.A.; fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge; chosen Lady Margaret professor and preacher, 1570; rector of Hadleigh, Suffolk, 1571; vicar of East Markham, Yorkshire, 1573; vice-chancellor, 1575 and 1592; master of St. John's College, July 21, 1574; removed to the mastership of Trinity, May 30, 1577; in which capacity Fuller says he