of members, with such contributions as may accompany membership, may discharge the present debt, and obtain a completion of their modest edifice, and make it worthy of those whom it commemorates. There are many who feel, that the most honorable sentiment, as well as the most useful one, of the human heart is, to cultivate gratitude, for the illustrious, and munificent dead. The same acts which evince this sentiment, is an example to successors. It is by such memorials that the generations which rise, and pass away, are made to feel, that they may, and do live, in fact, both before, and after their own days. The following is a brief statement of the causes of the Forefathers' emigration.

When the ecclesiastical 'calm of despotism' was disturbed by 'the Reformation,' dissensions followed, on the continent, and in England, of exceeding bitterness; and every party either borrowed, or suffered by, the arm of civil authority. Many of the contentions were the more fierce and relentless because, they were upon the meaning of words, which had no meaning, within human comprehension. Henry the Eighth wrote a book on the side of the Pope, for which the Pope gave him the title (long retained by English monarchs) of 'Defender of the Faith; Henry then fell out with the Roman Pontiff because he would not consent to the divorce of Catharine, that Henry might marry Ann Boleyn, whom he afterwards married and beheaded. He was not a Reformer. Though he established the English church in opposition to that of Rome; he was, in fact, the Pope of England.— He provided in his will for a fund to be used, through all future time, to pray him out of purgatory. Towards the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries England was divided into the three principal parties, (which may be said to include all others) distinguished by the names of papists, church of England men, and non-conformists, or puritans. Henry the Eighth established the English church. His son, Edward the Sixth, mitigated the severity of Henry's exactions. Mary (Henry's daughter) reestablished the Roman church. Elizabeth (her sister) reestablished the English church, which was continued by James the First, who used to say, that while he appointed Judges and Bishops, he would have what law and gospel he pleased. The Puritans were visited with extreme cruelties under all these changes. Elizabeth was even a more bitter enemy to them than Mary. She established a court of commissioners, before whom the Puritans were tried by interrogation, on oath. If they answered they were condemned on their own confession; if they refused to answer they were imprisoned.

In 1602 a congregation of Puritans had been formed on fue corfines of the counties of York, Nottingham and Linosin, who chose for their ministers Richard Clifton, and John Robinson Robinson was educated at Cambridge. He was of a learned, poused, and modest spirit; pious and studious of the truth, largely accomp usted will grifis and qualifications suitable to be a shepherd over tus flock of Cunst

The members of this flock were so much harassed by the petalties of ecclesiastical law, by confinement to their own houses: by BILprisonment, and by being driven from their occupatione that theT resolved on emigration. They departed for Holand. A patete account of their persecutions and sufferings it tuer attempts to escap is well remembered in Mr Webster's Centennial Discourse at Piywout, (1820.) An historical account is found in bezoap's life of Bones In 1608 they were established at Amsterdam; and afterwarte tuey removed to Leyden, where they remained in peace, ti red while, apprehending that their aber would it true, DE with, and lost in the Dutch population, and for other reason they de termined to remove to America The coonry was at tua s known by the name of Virgine, aus Norti. Virgica: is the aber, a part of Mr Robinson's flock, with some wat julet them or tutur mag at Southampton, departed. The wooost giver a tea their departure, is shorty tus :-"I've Sperdud, og

of members, with such contributions as may accompany membership, may discharge the present debt, and obtain a completion of their modest edifice, and make it worthy of those whom it commemorates. There are many who feel, that the most honorable sentiment, as well as the most useful one, of the human heart is, to cultivate gratitude, for the illustrious, and munificent dead. The same acts which evince this sentiment, is an example to successors. It is by such memorials that the generations which rise, and pass away, are made to feel, that they may, and do live, in fact, both before, and after their own days. The following is a brief statement of the causes of the Forefathers' emigration.

When the ecclesiastical 'calm of despotism' was disturbed by 'the Reformation,' dissensions followed, on the continent, and in England, of exceeding bitterness; and every party either borrowed, or suffered by, the arm of civil authority. Many of the contentions were the more fierce and relentless because, they were upon the meaning of words, which had no meaning, within human comprehension. Henry the Eighth wrote a book on the side of the Pope, for which the Pope gave him the title (long retained by English monarchs) of 'Defender of the Faith; Henry then fell out with the Roman Pontiff because he would not consent to the divorce of Catharine, that Henry might marry Ann Boleyn, whom he afterwards married and beheaded. He was not a Reformer. Though he established the English church in opposition to that of Rome; he was, in fact, the Pope of England.He provided in his will for a fund to be used, through all future time, to pray him out of purgatory. Towards the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries England was divided into the three principal parties, (which may be said to include all others) distinguished by the names of papists, church of England men, and non-conformists, or puritans. Henry the Eighth established the English church. His son, Edward the Sixth, mitigated the severity of Henry's exactions. Mary (Henry's daughter) reestablished the Roman church. Elizabeth (her sister) reestablished the English church, which was continued by James the First, who used to say, that while he appointed Judges and Bishops, he would have what law and gospel he pleased. The Puritans were visited with extreme cruelties under all these changes. Elizabeth was even a more bitter enemy to them than Mary. She established a court of commissioners, before whom the Puritans were tried by interrogation, on oath. If they answered they were condemned on their own confession; if they refused to answer they were imprisoned.

In 1602 a congregation of Puritans had been formed on the confines of the counties of York, Nottingham and Lincoln, who chose for their ministers Richard Clifton, and John Robinson. Robinson was educated at Cambridge. 'He was of a learned, polished, and modest spirit; pious and studious of the truth, largely accomplished with gifts and qualifications suitable to be a shepherd over this flock of Christ.'

The members of this flock were so much harassed by the penalties of ecclesiastical law, by confinement to their own houses; by imprisonment, and by being driven from their occupations, that they resolved on emigration. They departed for Holland. A pathetic account of their persecutions and sufferings in their attempts to escape, is well remembered in Mr Webster's Centennial Discourse at Plymouth, (1820.) An historical account is found in Belknap's life of Robinson. In 1608 they were established at Amsterdam; and afterwards they removed to Leyden, where they remained, in peace, till 1620. Meanwhile, apprehending that their numbers would, in time, be mingled with, and lost in the Dutch population, and for other reasons, they determined to remove to America. This country was, at that time, known by the name of Virginia, and North Virginia; to the latter, a part of Mr Robinson's flock, with some who joined them on their way, at Southampton, departed. The account given in the 'Memorial,' of their departure, is shortly this;-The Speedwell, of 60 tons, was purchased in Holland. In this vessel they came to Southampton, where the Mayflower, of 'nine score tons' was, which had been hired for the voyage. Their departure from Holland is thus described. (Memorial, page 28.)

'Being prepared to depart, they had a solemn day of humiliation, the pastor teaching, a part of the day, very profitably, and suitably to the present occasion. The rest of the time was spent in pouring out of prayer, mixed with abundance of tears.'-'When they came to the place, (Delft Haven) they found the ship, and all things ready; and such of their friends as could not come with them, followed after them; and sundry came from Amsterdam, to take their leave of them. One night was spent with little sleep, with the most, but with friendly entertainment, and christian discourse. The next day they went on board, and their friends with them, where truly doleful was the sight of the sad, and mournful parting, to hear what sobs, and sighs, and prayers, did sound amongst them; what tears did gush from every eye, what pithy speeches pierced each others' heart, that sundry of the Dutch strangers that stood on the key as spectators, could not refrain from tears. Yet comfortable, and sweet it was, to see such