reason than any other, doubtless, this country has been unable to keep its place at the front in the general movement of the nations to give full effect to the beneficent work of the Hague Conference. After the prominent and very creditable part taken by our representatives at that Conference and the readiness shown by us to submit a disagreement with Mexico to the arbitration of the Hague Tribunal, it might have been anticipated that no country on earth would step ahead of us in the work of securing to that tribunal continued vigor and usefulness. But the fact has been otherwise. Treaties between Great Britain and other European nations, providing for the submission of their disagreements to arbitration at The Hague, are now more than a year old, yet our country has concluded no such treaty. Our State Department has not been idle; eight admirable treaties of similar description have been for some months before the Senate; yet the labor of their preparation has come to nothing. The point at issue between the Executive and the Senate is understood to be a single word. The treaties as originally drawn provided that the questions to be passed upon by the arbitrators should be settled by agreement," but an overwhelming majority of Senators insist that the tribunal's work must be set for it by "treaty." The difference in the two words is that the latter does, while the former does not, require the affirmative action of two-thirds of the Senate to make an arbitration possible. The practical effect of the change of the word is to convert the treaties before the Senate into waste paper; for what else is the treaty under which nothing can be done until another treaty is drawn up to set it in operation? John Doe, let us say, offers to deed me a tract of land, reserving the conditions that I am not to plant it, or pasture it, or build on it, without securing the right from him by a new contract - what is his first deed worth? Obviously, if there must be a later treaty, there need be no preliminary one. The right of the Senate to insist on amendments to treaties on which it has to pass is not contested. That the Senate, in amending, will always see that its own powers and privileges are amply recognized may be taken for granted. Whether the desired recognition of senatorial powers and privileges was something important enough to justify a crippling of eight arbitration treaties, a halt when the country looked for a forward march, was a matter for that body to decide. Nevertheless, in the opinion of the people generally, the matter has been decided unwisely. That the decision, moreover, is said to have been influenced by the interest of certain of our States in keeping the question whether the non-payment of their old obligations is or is not repudiation altogether out of foreign hands, is a circumstance not calculated to give us greater confidence in it. But whether this suggestion be true or untrue, there can be no doubt that the influences that led the Senate to amend the word "agreement" into the word "treaty were influences antagonistic to the principle of international arbitration. In taking this step, that powerful body has gone a long way toward the camp of the opposition dragging the unwilling country in its grasp. It has taken a long step backward. Whether negotiations leading to international arbitration shall be made through the executive or legislative branch of our government is not in itself a matter with which the cause of arbitration is deeply concerned. The cause is concerned, however, with the efficiency of the agency to which it is intrusted, and on which all application of it depends. It is a grave mistake to depend for good work on an unwieldy tool. If what we desired were an arbitration that would not arbitrate, we could not find a more suitable means for attaining it than by committing it to the deliberative branch of our national government, a council which is more than half the time scattered throughout this huge country, and whose treatment of proposed treaties, when it happens to be in session, is illustrated by the fate of the Olney-Pauncefote arbitration treaty and the McKinley-Kasson reciprocity arrangements. By all who remember how tedious was the work of securing even the reciprocity treaty with Cuba, where the case was perfectly clear, and the need of prompt action all but universally recognized, the introduction of the Senate in the first stages of a diplomatic agreement would naturally be rejected as altogether too clumsy a method. It is possible to think that this deliberative assemblage might allow itself to be represented by a permanent standing committee when not in session, but the thought is not encouraging. The French convention of 1792 had its "committee of public safety," which was by no means an unqualified success; and although the British government originates as a committee of the House of Commons, nothing could be more certain than that our Senate would never permit one of its committees to hold toward it the relations that a British administration holds to its creators. While legislative in origin, the British government is executive in essential character, and can therefore form no precedent in this case. Yet, if our Senate really contemplated making instead of obstructing agreements with foreign countries in the interests of peace, some such step as this, the formation of a strong permanent committee to represent it during its sessions and during its recesses would have to be taken. There is no talk of doing such a thing, of course, and this is the most conclusive proof that the function of those ninety statesmen is essentially obstructive, not constructive. The question whether Senate or Chief Executive is better qualified, personally or by the relation in which they relatively stand to the people, to conduct the foreign relations of the country, is one that need not be considered. The work of fixing the preliminaries of an international arbitration settlement calls at the same time for dexterity, delicacy and promptness, and is work which a legislative assemblage is unfitted by its very constitution to undertake. The request would seem at least reasonable, that with work which it is incapable of doing it should not unnecessarily interfere. Some Suitable Inscriptions for the Gateways of Forts and Arsenals, and for Battleflags. SELECTED BY MARY S. ROBINSON. He maketh wars to cease unto the ends of the earth. - Psalm xlvi. 9. He hath scattered the peoples who delight in war. Psalm lxviii. 30. Books and Pamphlets Received. JOHN BROWN THE HERO. Personal Reminiscences. By J. W. Winkley, M. D. With an introduction by Frank B. Sanborn. Boston: James H. West Company. 12mo. Cloth, 126 pages. OUR EDUCATORS FOR WAR OR PEACE WHICH? Address delivered at the Peace Convention, Mystic, Conn., 1895. By Ellen Goodell Smith, M.D. PROPOSED INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC CONFERENCE, TO ADOPT A UNIVERSAL ALPHABET. Containing endorsements of many eminent scholars. Boston University, College of Liberal Arts, 1905. VERS LA LANGUE INTERNATIONALE. By Leon Bollack. Paris: La Revue, 12 Avenue de l'Opera. CONSTITUTIONAL METHODS OF MAKING AND RATIFYING TREATIES IN CERTAIN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Senate Document 158, Fifty-eighth Congress, Third Session. THE NAVAL APPROPRIATION BILL. Extracts from the speech of Hon. James L. Slayden of Texas in the House of Representatives, February 15, 1905. AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES AND PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS. By George T. Angell. Boston: The American Humane Education Society, 19 Milk Street. Price, 6 cents; by mail, 10 cents. INTERSTATE COMMERCE. Brief as to proposed new legislation. Prepared by Samuel Spencer and David Willcox. New York: C. G. Burgoyne, Walker and Centre Streets. ROMAN CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT BIBLES COMPARED. The Helen M. Gould Prize Essays. New York: Bible Teachers' Training School, 541 Lexington Ave. Price, paper cover, 50 cents. LISTE DES ORGANES DU MOUVEMENT PACIFISTE. Corrected to March 1, 1905. Berne, Switzerland: Bureau International de la Paix. REPORT OF THE SECOND NATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE FRENCH PEACE SOCIETIES, held at Nimes, April 7-10, 1904. Nimes, France: Bureau de l'Association de la Paix par le Droit. In French. THE SCIENTIFIC INDICTMENT OF WAR. Sermon by James H. Ecob, D. D. Philadelphia: The Unitarian Bookroom, 102 South 12th Street. AN INAUGURAL ODE. By Alexander Blair Thaw. Nelson, N. H.: The Monadnock Press. Form of Bequest. I hereby give and bequeath to the American Peace Society, Boston, a corporation established under the laws of the State of Massachusetts, the sum of dollars, to be employed by the Directors of said Society for the promotion of the cause of peace. Auxiliaries of the American Peace Society. THE CHICAGO PEACE SOCIETY, 175 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill. H. W. Thomas, D. D., President. Mrs. E. A. W. Hoswell, Secretary. Tennyson. THE MINNESOTA PEACE SOCIETY, Minneapolis, Minn. VICE-PRESIDENTS: Rev. Edw. Everett Hale, D.D., 39 Highland St., Roxbury, Mass. Rev. Lyman Abbott, D.D., Brooklyn, N. Y. Jane Addams, Hull House, Chicago, Ill. George T. Angell, 19 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. Edward Atkinson, Brookline, Mass. Joshua L. Baily, 1624 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. Wm. E. Barton, D.D., Oak Park, Ill. Hon. William I. Buchanan, Buffalo, N. Y. Rev. Everett D. Burr, D.D., Newton Centre, Mass. Hon. Samuel B. Capen, 38 Greenough Ave., Boston, Mass. Edward H. Clement, 3 Regent Circle, Brookline, Mass. Rev. D. S. Coles, Wakefield, Mass. Geo. Cromwell, Brooklyn, N.Y. Rev. G. L. Demarest, D.D., Manchester, N. H. B. O. Flower, Brookline, Mass. Hon. John B. Foster, Bangor, Me. Philip C. Garrett, Philadelphia, Pa. Merrill E. Gates, LL.D., Washington, D. C. Edwin Ginn, 29 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Maria Freeman Gray, 3648 22d Street St., San Francisco, Cal. Bishop E. E. Hoss, D. D., Dallas, Tex. Julia Ward Howe, 241 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Hon. John W. Hoyt, Washington, D. C. Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, New York City, N. Y. Edwin D. Mead, 20 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Hon. Nathan Matthews, Jr., 456 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. L. H. Pillsbury, Derry, N. H. Hon. J. H. Powell, Henderson, Ky. Hon. Wm. L. Putnam, Portland Me. Sylvester F. Scovel, D. D., Wooster, Ohio. Mrs. May Wright Sewall, Indianapolis, Ind. Edwin Burritt Smith, 164 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Ruth H. Spray, Salida, Col. Mrs. L. M. N. Stevens, Portland, Me. Rev. Edward M. Taylor, D.D., Cambridge, Mass. DIRECTORS: Hon. Robert Treat Paine, ex-officio. Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL. D., ex-officio. Rev. Charles G. Ames, D.D., 12 Chestnut St., Boston, Mass Alice Stone Blackwell, 45 Boutwell St., Dorchester, Mass. Rev. Reuen Thomas, D.D., Brookline, Mass. Rev. C. H. Watson, D.D., Arlington, Mass. Kate Gannett Wells, 45 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Mass. CONSTITUTION OF THE AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY. ARTICLE I. This Society shall be designated the "AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY." ART. II. This Society, being founded on the principle that all war is contrary to the spirit of the gospel, shall have for its object to illustrate the inconsistency of war with Christianity, to show its baleful influence on all the great interests of mankind, and to devise means for insuring universal and permanent peace. ART. III. Persons of every Christian denomination desirous of promoting peace on earth and goodwill towards men may become members of this Society. ART. IV. Every annual subscriber' of two dollars shall be a member of this Society. ART. V. The payment of twenty dollars at one time shall constitute any person a Life-member. ART. VI. The chairman of each corresponding committee, the officers and delegates of every auxiliary contributing to the funds of this Society and every minister of the gospel who preaches once a year on the subject of peace, and takes up a collection in behalf of the cause, shall be entitled to the privileges of regular members. ART. VII. All contributors shall be entitled within the year to one-half the amount of their contributions in the publications of the Society. ART. VIII. The Officers of this Society shall be a President, Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer, an Auditor and a Board of Directors, consisting of not less than twenty members of the Society, incl iding the President, Secretary and Treasurer, who shall be ex-officio members of the Board. All Officers shall hold their offices until their successors are appointed, and the Board of Directors shall have power to fill vacancies in any office of the Society. There shall be an Executive Committee of seven, consisting of the President, Secretary and five Directors to be chosen by the Board, which Committee shall, subject to the Board of Directors, have the entire control of the executive and financial affairs of the Society. Meetings of the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee may be called by the President, the Secretary, or two members of such body. The Society or the Board of Directors may invite persons of well-known legal ability to act as Honorary Counsel. ART. IX. The Society shall hold an annual meeting at such time and place as the Board of Directors may appoint, to receive their own and the Treasurer's report, to choose officers, and transact such other business as may come before them. ART. X. The object of this Society shall never be changed; but the Constitution may in other respects be altered, on recommendation of the Executive Committee, or of any ten members of the Society, by a vote of three-fourths of the members present at any regular meeting. Publications of the American Peace Society. Tolstoy's Letter on the Russo-Japanese War.-48 pages and cover. Price, postpaid, 10 cts. A Regular International Advisory Congress. By Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL.D. A paper read before the Twentyfirst Conference of the International Law Association, Antwerp, Belgium, September 30, 1903. Price 5 cts. each, War Unnecessary and Unchristian.-By AugustineJones, LL. B. New edition, 20 pages. 5 cts. each, $2.00 per hundred. Nationalism and Internationalism, or Mankind One Body.By George Dana Boardman, D.D., LL.D. New edition. Price 5 cts. each, or $2.00 per hundred, prepaid. The Hague Court in the Pious Fund Arbitration. — Address of Hon. William L. 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William Penn's Holy Experiment in Civil Government. By Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL.D. 24 pages with cover. 5 cts. each, or $2.00 per hundred, carriage paid. History of the Seventy-five Years' Work of the American Peace Society. - 16 pages. Two copies for 5 cts. The Angel of Leace. ILLUSTRATED. A FOUR PAGE MONTHLY PAPER FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE. Devoted to Peace, Temperance, Good Morals, Good Manners. Thoroughly Christian, but undenominational. Bright, fresh and attractive, but free from over exciting, sensational reading. Just the thing for Bible Schools and Mission Work. Price, 15 Cents a Year for Single Copies. Five Copies to one person, 10 Cents Each. Twenty-five or more Copies to one person, 8 Cents per Copy. ADDRESS, The Angel of The Woman's Journal. The Woman's Journal, edited weekly at 3 Park Street, Boston, Mass., by Henry B. Blackwell and Alice Stone Blackwell, gives the news of the movement for equal rights for women all over the world. $1 per year. Trial subscription, 3 months, 25 cents. "It is the best source of information concerning what women are doing, what they have done, and what they should do." -Julia Ward Howe. PEACE PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE BY THE American Peace Society. Prices Include Postage. LAY DOWN YOUR ARMS. By The Baroness von Suttner. Authorized English translation by T. Holmes. New edition, cloth, 65 cts. SUMNER'S ADDRESSES ON WAR. THE TRUE GRANDEUR OF NATIONS, THE WAR SYSTEM OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS, and THE DUEL BETWEEN FRANCE AND GERMANY: The three in one volume. Price, 65 cts., postpaid. THE PEACE CONFERENCE AT THE HAGUE. By Frederick W. Holls, Secretary of the American Commission to the Hague Conference. 572 pages, octavo. Price, $2.50, postpaid. CHANNING'S DISCOURSES ON WAR. Containing Dr. Channing's Addresses on War, with extracts from discourses and letters on the subject. Price, 65 cts. postpaid. ARBITRATION AND THE HAGUE COURT. By Hon. John Official Report OF THE Thirteenth Universal Peace Congress HELD AT Boston, October 3-8, 1904 A book of 350 pages, paper covers. Contains all the papers, addresses, and discussions of the Congress A most valuable document for all peace workers and students of the cause May be procured at the office of the American Peace Society 31 Beacon Street, Boston The only charge is 10 cts., to cover postage and wrapping Anyone sending a sketch and description may quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an invention is probably patentable. Communica tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents sent free. Oldest agency for securing patents. Patents taken through Munn & Co. rece' e special notice, without charge, in the Scientific American. A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest circulation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a year; four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN & CO.361 Broadway, New York Branch Office, 625 F St., Washington, D. C. |