ciation, and presided over by Hon. David J. Brewer of the United States Supreme Court. Among the able and instructive papers given in the report is one covering thirty-five pages, by Hon. John W. Foster, on "The Promotion of the Settlement of International Controversies by Resort to the Hague Tribunal or Reference to Special Commissions." Addresses on Mr. Foster's paper were made by Señor Don Emilio Velasco from Mexico, and by Hon. Jackson H. Ralston of Washington, D. C. Other important addresses were those on the Hague Conferences on Private International Law and the Protection of Private Property at Sea in Time of War. The report is published at St. Louis by the Executive Committee of the Congress, under the care of the secretary, Mr. V. M. Potter. A MONOGRAPH ON INTERNATIONAL PEACE. By Liston McMillan, member of the Bar. Oskaloosa, Iowa. 72 pages. 8vo. An interesting and thoroughly original discussion of various phases of international law, of the question of an international judiciary, of international intervention, etc. The author applies his principles to "The Case in Manchuria," where he finds that both the belligerents were equally at fault. Mr. McMillan, as he says in his preface, has written "this contribution to international peace literature" because it has seemed to him "that a discussion of the leading basic principles of international jurisdiction might aid in the evolution of international truth, and be helpful in the cause of international peace." THE IMPERIAL DRUG TRADE. By Joshua Rowntree. London: Methuen & Company, 36 Essex Street, W. C. 304 pages. Part II. This work is a restatement of the opium question, in the light of recent evidence and new developments in the East. In Part I. Mr. Rowntree gives briefly the history of the beginning of the opium trade forced upon China by Great Britain, and of the two opium wars. gives an analysis of the work of the Royal Commission sent to the East in the winter of 1893-4 to investigate the trade in opium and report to Parliament. It also deals with opium smoking, with the traffic in the drug and its use in Burma, the Straits Settlement, Hong Kong and China. Part III. traces the present position of the Indo-Chinese drug trade, and its effects on China. The author says, in conclusion, that judging only "from official dispatches, the utterances of statesmen and the journals of diplomatists, the imperial drug trade stands hopelessly condemned. It was illegitimate to begin with. It grew in dishonor. It lingers with discredit. It has enriched the one country and impoverished the other. poverty is the least of the ills it has helped to fasten upon China. It has enervated her people, corrupted her officials, undermined the authority of her government, embittered the advent of the English and of a nobler faith, and violated the moral sense of the Chinese." But RELIGION AND POLITICS. By Algernon Sidney Crapsey. New York: Thomas Whittaker, 2 Bible House. 326 pages. The twelve chapters of this book were originally delivered as sermon lectures by the author in his regular course of duty as a pastor. The discussion and criticism which they awakened induced him to publish them in full. They deal with the State, the Attitude of Jesus to the State, Jesus' Method of Government, the Imperialized Church, the Present State of the Churches, etc. They are full of trenchant criticism of the present relation of church religion to politics, some of which is entirely just, but some of which is extravagant, to say the least of it. The chapter on "Jesus' Method of Government" - leaving aside the author's theological pronouncements, which do not seem very appropriate in the chapter- is about as fine an interpretation of the method taught and practiced by Jesus as has ever been written. We hope to give our readers the essential part of it in the next issue of this paper. WAR INCONSISTENT WITH THE RELIGION OF JESUS CHRIST. By David Low Dodge. With an Introduction by Edwin D. Mead. Boston: Ginn & Company. Published for the International Union. Price, postpaid, 65 cts. This book is a reprint of the two pamphlets, "The Mediator's Kingdom not of this World" and "War Inconsistent with the Religion of Jesus Christ," first published by David L. Dodge in 1809 and 1812 respectively. They were the first pamphlets published in America directed expressly against the system of war, and their York Peace Society in August, 1815, the first peace author, as our readers already know, founded the New society in the world. These essays have long been out of print, and Mr. Ginn has done us all a great service in republishing them in his International Library series. The longer essay, the second prepared by Mr. Dodge, is a strong, radical arraignment of the war system, and contains the gist of the whole case against war, both from the Christian and the humanitarian and rational points of view. Mr. Mead's Introduction is a very valuable survey of the early work for peace in New York, and also of the services rendered to the cause by many eminent citizens of New York of the present time. VICE-PRESIDENTS: Rev. Edw. Everett Hale, D.D., 39 Highland St., Roxbury, Mass. Rev. Lyman Abbott, D.D., Brooklyn, N. Y. Jane Addams, Hull House, Chicago, Ill. Rev. Charles G. Ames, D.D., 12 Chestnut St., Boston, Mass. George T. Angell, 19 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. Edward Atkinson, Brookline, Mass. Joshua L. Baily, 1624 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. Hon. William I. Buchanan, Buffalo, N. Y. Rev. Everett D. Burr, D.D., Newton Centre, Mass. Prof. Geo. N. Boardman, Pittsford, Vt. Hon. Samuel B. Capen, 38 Greenough Ave., Boston, Mass. Rev. Frank G. Clark, Wellesley, Mass. Edward H. Clement, 3 Regent Circle, Brookline, Mass. Rev. Joseph S. Cogswell, Windham, Vt. Rev. D. S. Coles, Wakefield, Mass. Geo. Cromwell, Brooklyn, N.Y. Rev. G. L. Demarest, D.D., Manchester, N. H. Rev. Howard C. Dunham, Winthrop, Mass. Everett O. Fisk, 4 Ashburton Place, Boston, Mass. Hon. John B. Foster, Bangor, Me. Philip C. Garrett, Philadelphia, Pa. Maria Freeman Gray, 3674 22d St., San Francisco, Cal. George W. Hoss, LL. D., Wichita, Kansas. Julia Ward Howe, 241 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Hon. John W. Hoyt, Washington, D. C. Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, New York City, N. Y. George Foster Peabody, 28 Monroe Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. L. H. Pillsbury, Derry, N. H. Hon. J. H. Powell, Henderson, Ky. Pres. M. Carey Thomas, Bryn Mawr, Pa. Kate Gannett Wells, 45 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Mass. Rev. A. E. Winship, 29 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. DIRECTORS: Hon. Robert Treat Paine, ex-officio. Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL. D., ex-officio. Alice Stone Blackwell, 45 Boutwell St., Dorchester, Mass. Raymond L. Bridgman, Auburndale, Mass. Frederick Brooks, 31 Milk St., Boston, Mass. Rev. S. C. Bushnell, Arlington, Mass. Frederic Cunningham, 53 State St., Boston, Mass. Rev. Charles F. Dole, Jamaica Plain, Mass. Miss Anna B. Eckstein, 30 Newbury Street, Boston, Mass. Rev. B. F. Leavitt, Melrose Highlands, Mass. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: Hon. Robert Treat Paine, ex-officio. Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL. D., ex-officio. Hon. Wm. L. Putnam, Portland Me. Sylvester F. Scovel, D. D., Wooster, Ohio. Mrs. May Wright Sewall, Indianapolis, Ind. Edwin Burritt Smith, 164 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Ruth H. Spray, Salida, Col. Mrs. L. M. N. Stevens, Portland, Me. Rev. Edward M. Taylor, D.D., Cambridge, Mass. HONORARY COUNSEL: Cephas Brainerd, New York, N.Y. CONSTITUTION OF THE AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY. ARTICLE I. This Society shall be designated the "AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY." ART. II. This Society, being founded on the principle that war is contrary to the spirit of Christianity and of all true religion and morality, shall have for its object to illustrate the inconsistency of war with this spirit, to show its baleful influence on all the great interests of mankind, and to devise means for insuring universal and permanent peace. ART. III. All persons desirous of promoting peace on earth and goodwill towards men may become members of this society. ART. IV. Every annual member of the Society shall pay a yearly contribution of two dollars; the payment of twentyfive dollars at one time shall constitute any person a Life member. ART. V. The chairman of each corresponding committee, the officers and delegates of every auxiliary contributing to the funds of this Society and every minister of the gospel who preaches once a year on the subject of peace, and takes up a collection in behalf of the cause, shall be entitled to the privileges of regular members. ARг. VI. All contributors shall be entitled within the year to one-half the amount of their contributions in the publications of the Society. ART. VII. The Officers of this Society shall be a President, Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer, an Auditor and a Board of Directors, consisting of not more than twenty members of the Society, including the President, Secretary and Treasurer, who shall be ex-officio members of the Board. All Officers shall hold their offices until their successors are appointed, and the Board of Directors shall have power to fill vacancies in any office of the Society. There shall be an Executive Committee of seven, consisting of the President, Secretary and five Directors to be chosen by the Board, which Committee shall, subject to the Board of Directors, have the entire control of the executive and financial affairs of the Society. Meetings of the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee may be called by the President, the Secretary, or two members of such body. The Society or the Board of Directors may invite persons of well-known legal ability to act as Honorary Counsel. ART. VIII. The Society shall hold an annual meeting at such time and place as the Board of Directors may appoint, to receive their own and the Treasurer's report, to choose officers, and transact such other business as may come before them. ART. IX. The object of this Society shall never be changed; but the Constitution may in other respects be altered, on recommendation of the Executive Committee, or of any ten members of the Society, by a vote of three-fourths of the members present at any regular meeting. A Primer of the Peace Movement. - Prepared by Lucia Ames Mead. A reprint of the American Peace Society's Carddisplay Exhibit at the St. Louis Exposition. A most valuable compendium of statistics, brief arguments, facts, etc. 26 pages, large print. Price 10 cts.; $7.50 per hundred. A Solemn Review of the Custom of War. By Noah Worcester, D. D. A reprint of the pamphlet first published in 1814. 24 pages. Price 5 cts.; $3 per hundred. Dymond's Essay on War. With an introduction by John Bright. Sent free on receipt of 5 cts. for postage. War from the Christian Point of View.- By Ernest Howard Crosby. Revised edition. $1.50 per hundred, prepaid. Women and War.- By Grace Isabel Colbron. 4 pages. 40 cts. per hundred, postpaid. A French Plea for Limitation of Armaments. By Baron d'Estournelles de Constant. Address delivered in the French Senate. 28 pages. Price 5 cts. $3.00 per hundred. The Mexican International American Conference and Arbitration.-By Hon. William I. Buchanan. Address delivered before the American Peace Society, Boston, April 15, 1902. 23 pages. Price 5 cts., prepaid. The Absurdities of Militarism.- By Ernest Howard Crosby. 12 pages. Price $1.50 per hundred. Third edition. An Essay toward the Present and Future Peace of Europe.By William Penn. First published in 1693. 24 pages, with cover. Price 6 cts., or $3.00 per hundred, prepaid. International Arbitration at the Opening of the Twentieth Century.-By Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL.D. 20 pages. Price 5 cts. each. $2.50 per hundred, postpaid. Text of the Hague Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes.- Price 5 cts. each. Perpetual Peace. By Immanuel Kant. Translated by Benjamin F. Trueblood. 53 pages. Price 20 cents, postpaid. The Arbitrations of the United States. - By Professor John Bassett Moore. 32 pages. 5 cents each. $2.50 per hundred. The War System; Its History, Tendency, and Character, in the Light of Civilization and Religion. - By Rev. Reuen Thomas, D.D. New edition. Price 10 cts., prepaid. Report of the Chicago Peace Congress of 1893.- Price postpaid, cloth 75 cts.; paper, 50 cents. Report of the American Friends' Peace Conference. - Held at Philadelphia in December, 1901. Contains all the papers read. Price 15 cts. postpaid. Seventy-Seventh Annual Report of the Directors of the American Peace Society. Price, postpaid, 5 cents. The Christian Attitude Toward War in the Light of Recent History.-By Alexander Mackennal, D. D. Address delivered at the International Congregational Council, Boston, September 22, 1899. Price $1.50 per hundred, prepaid. Publications of the American Peace Society. Military Drill in Schools. - By Rev. W. Evans Darby, LL.D. Tolstoy's Letter on the Russo-Japanese War.-48 pages and cover. Price, postpaid, 10 cts. A Regular International Advisory Congress.- By Benjamin The Historic Development of the Peace Idea.- By Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL. D. 32 pages. Price 5 cts. each. $2.50 per hundred. 8 pages. Price 2 cts., or $1.25 per hundred, postpaid. William Penn's Holy Experiment in Civil Government. By Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL.D. 24 pages with cover. 5 cts. each, or $2.00 per hundred, carriage paid. History of the Seventy-five Years' Work of the American Peace Society.16 pages. Two copies for 5 cts. A Battle, as it appeared to an Eye-witness. - By Rev. R. B. Howard. Letter Leaflet No. 1. Price, postpaid, 20 cts. per hundred. The Cherry Festival of Naumburg. - Letter Leaflet No. 4. Price 20 cts. per hundred, prepaid. Washington's Anti-militarism. Letter Leaflet No. 8. 4 pages. Price 35 cts. per hundred, prepaid. Coals of Fire.-By Willis R. Hotchkiss, of the Friends' African Industrial Mission. Letter Leaflet No. 7. Price 30 cts. per hundred, prepaid. The Christ of the Andes. -8 pages. Illustrated. per hundred, postpaid. $1.00 The Angel of Leace A FOUR PAGE MONTHLY eace. AND YOUNG PEOPLE. ILLUSTRATED. Devoted to Peace, Temperance, Good Morals, Good Manners. Thoroughly Christian, but undenominational. Bright, fresh and attractive, but free from over exciting, sensational reading. Just the thing for Bible Schools and Mission Work. Price, 15 Cents a Year for Single Copies. Five Copies to one person, 10 Cents Each. Twenty-five or more Copies to one person, 8 Cents per Copy. LAY DOWN YOUR ARMS. By The Baroness von Suttner. Authorized English translation by T. Holmes. New edition, cloth, 65 cts. SUMNER'S ADDRESSES ON WAR. THE TRUE GRANDEUR OF NATIONS, THE WAR SYSTEM OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS, and THE DUEL BETWEEN FRANCE AND GERMANY: The three in one volume. Price, 65 cts., postpaid. THE PEACE CONFERENCE AT THE HAGUE. By Frederick W. Holls, Secretary of the American Commission to the Hague Conference. 572 pages, octavo. Price, $2.50, postpaid. CHANNING'S DISCOURSES ON WAR. Containing Dr. Channing's Addresses on War, with extracts from discourses and letters on the subject. Price, 65 cts. postpaid. ARBITRATION AND THE HAGUE COURT. By Hon. John THE BLOOD OF THE NATION. By David Starr Jordan. Cloth. Price, 40 cts. TOLSTOY AND HIS MESSAGE. By Ernest Howard Crosby. Cloth. Price, 50 cts. TOLSTOY AS A SCHOOL. MASTER. By Ernest Howard Crosby. Cloth. Price, 50 cts. WAR INCONSISTENT WITH THE RELIGION OF JESUS CHRIST. By David L. Dodge. A reprint of the first two pamphlets published in this Country on the Interests of Peace. Price, 65 cts. WORLD ORGANIZATION. By Raymond L. Bridgman. Price, 65 cts. Official Report OF THE Thirteenth Universal Peace Congress HELD AT tion movement at the present time. Boston, October 3-8, 1904 INTERNATIONAL TRIBU- THE FUTURE OF WAR. By John de Bloch. Preface by W. T. Stead. The sixth volume of Mr. Bloch's great work on "The Future of War," containing all his propositions, summaries of arguments, and conclusions. Price, postpaid, 65 cts. THE FEDERATION OF THE WORLD. By Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL.D. A discussion of the grounds, both theoretic and historic, for believing in the Realization of the Brotherhood of Humanity, and the final organization of the World into an International State. Second Edition. Cloth, 169 pages. Price, 65 cts. A book of 350 pages, paper covers Contains all the papers, addresses, and discussions of the Congress A most valuable document for all peace workers and students of the cause May be procured at the office of the American Peace Society 31 Beacon Street, Boston The only charge is 10 cts., to cover postage and wrapping 49.25 DEC 11 1905 CAMBRIDGE, MAGS Advocate of Peace. VOL. LXVII. BOSTON, DECEMBER, 1905. A Peace League Among the Nations. In his recent address before the faculty and students of the University of St. Andrews, on his reëlection as Lord Rector of the institution, Andrew Carnegie took up and dealt with the subject of Peace in a more thorough and extended way than he has ever done before. We are glad to be able to give our readers in this issue a large portion of this vigorous address, including most of the important parts of it. The first part, which we omit, was devoted to a recapitulation of the sentiments of the early Christian writers on the subject of war and to the citation of the well-known opinions of eminent men who have, as Mr. Carnegie does, condemned war as the greatest curse and crime which has afflicted the human race. It is a very great service which Mr. Carnegie is rendering to the cause of humanity in taking advantage, as he does, of every fitting occasion to set forth his intense abomination of the whole system of what he aptly calls the murder of man by man under the name of war. He treats the question almost as if it were the only important one before the world, and deserved the highest and persistent attention of all men who seek to advance, the cause of human good. In doing this he is essentially right. For from whatever point of view it be looked at the rational, the moral, the humanitarian or the economic-the prob No. 11 lem of the abolition of war and militarism is the greatest and most urgent general problem of the day. Up to the present time, the governments, either through intellectual blindness or moral weakness and vacillation, have resisted all appeals made to them and have persisted in staving the question off, and in going steadily on from bad to worse. But they cannot do this much longer. If the coming Hague Conference does not deal with it, another conference at no distant day will be forced to do so. The peoples of the civilized world are fast coming to feel toward the prevailing militarism much as the masses of the Russian people have long felt toward the old order of things in the Czar's empire, which is now going to pieces. Mr. Carnegie does not stop with theoretic and sentimental inveighing against the monstrous absurdity and wickedness of war. He urges the immediate adoption of practical means for its extinction, as all intelligent peace workers now do. He believes that the instrumentality already so successfully used in numerous cases in allaying quarrels and averting hostilities during the past century, that is, arbitration, will of itself, in time, finally destroy war. But this process impresses him, in the present advanced stage of progress, as unnecessarily slow. He believes that a swifter destruction of the evil is perfectly feasible. The scheme by which he proposes that war shall be abolished at one stroke is that of a League of Peace among the nations. This plan he has frequently proposed of late in speeches and magazine articles, and he returns to it in the St. Andrew's address. He thinks that even three of the great nations the United States, France and Great Britain, for example united in the determination to prevent war might henceforth make it impossible in any quarter of the globe, and is sure that five of the great powers could abolish it at once and forever. The Constitution of the League he does not elaborate in detail; but only gives two features of the way in which it might supposedly act in case any nation should persist in disobeying its wish, which would, in his judgment, probably never occur: first, a boycott of the offending nation, and, second, if worst came to worst, a compulsion by force, each of the allied powers agreeing in advance to furnish or provide for a certain contingent of troops or ships to execute the will of the League. Of the practicability of a league of peace among the nations in some form there is not the least doubt, |