VICE-PRESIDENTS:

Rev. Edw. Everett Hale, D.I)., 39 Highland St., Roxbury, Mass. Rev. Lyman Abbott, D.D., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Jane Addams, Hull House, Chicago, Ill.

Rev. Charles G. Ames, D.D., 12 Chestnut St., Boston, Mass. George T. Angell, 19 Milk Street, Boston, Mass.

Edward Atkinson, Brookline, Mass.

Joshua L. Baily, 1624 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Mrs. Hannah J. Bailey, Winthrop Centre, Me.
Rev. Wm. E. Barton, D.D., Oak Park, Ill.

Hon. William I. Buchanan, Buffalo, N. Y.

Rev. Everett D. Burr, D.D., Newton Centre, Mass.

Hezekiah Butterworth, 28 Worcester St., Boston, Mass.
Prof. Geo. N. Boardman, Pittsford, Vt.

Hon. Samuel B. Capen, 38 Greenough Ave., Boston, Mass.
Hon. Jonathan Chace, Providence, R. I.

Rev. Frank G. Clark, Wellesley, Mass.

Edward H. Clement, 3 Regent Circle, Brookline, Mass.

Rev. Joseph S. Cogswell, Walpole, N. H.

Rev. D. S. Coles, Wakefield, Mass.

Geo. Cromwell, Brooklyn, N.Y.

Rev. G. L. Demarest, D.D., Manchester, N. H.

Rev. Howard C. Dunham, Winthrop, Mass.

Everett O. Fisk, 4 Ashburton Place, Boston, Mass.

B. O. Flower, Brookline, Mass.

Hon. John B. Foster, Bangor, Me.

Philip C. Garrett, Philadelphia, Pa.
Merrill E. Gates, LL.D., Washington, D. C.
Edwin Ginn, 29 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.

Maria Freeman Gray, 3648 22d St., San Francisco, Cal.
Rev. Scott F. Hershey, LL.D., Wooster, Ohio.
Bishop E. E. Hoss, D. D., Dallas, Tex.

George W. Hoss, LL. D., Wichita, Kansas.

Julia Ward Howe, 241 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.

Hon. John W. Hoyt, Washington, D. C.

Rev. W. G. Hubbard, Cedar Rapids, Ia.

Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, New York City, N. Y.
Augustine Jones, Newton Highlands, Mass.
Hon. Sumner I. Kimball, Washington, D. C.
Bishop William Lawrence, Cambridge, Mass.

Mrs. Charles Russell Lowell, 120 East 30th St., New York, N. Y.
Edwin D. Mead, 20 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.

Rev. Philip S. Moxom, D.D., Springfield, Mass.

George Foster Peabody, 28 Monroe Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.

L. H. Pillsbury, Derry, N. H.

Hon. J. H. Powell, Henderson, Ky.

Hon. Wm. L. Putnam, Portland Me.

Sylvester F. Scovel, D. D., Wooster, Ohio.

Mrs. May Wright Sewall, Indianapolis, Ind.

Edwin Burritt Smith, 164 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Ruth H. Spray, Salida, Col.

Mrs. L. M. N. Stevens, Portland, Me.

Rev. Edward M. Taylor, D.D., Cambridge, Mass.
Pres. M. Carey Thomas, Bryn Mawr, Pa.
Rev. Reuen Thomas, D.D., Brookline, Mass.
Pres. C. F. Thwing, D.D., Cleveland, Ohio.
Pres. James Wallace, Ph. D., St. Paul, Minn.
Bishop Henry W. Warren, Denver, Col.
Booker T. Washington, LL. D., Tuskegee, Ala.
Kate Gannett Wells, 45 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Mass
Herbert Welsh, 1305 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Rev. A. E. Winship, 29 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.
Richard Wood, 1620 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa.

DIRECTORS:

Hon. Robert Treat Paine, ex-officio.

Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL. D., ex-officio.

Alice Stone Blackwell, 45 Boutwell St., Dorchester, Mass. Raymond L. Bridgman, Auburndale, Boston, Mass. Frederick Brooks, 31 Milk St., Boston, Mass.

Rev. S. C. Bushnell, Arlington, Mass.

Frederic Cunningham, 53 State St., Boston, Mass.

Rev. Charles F. Dole, Jamaica Plain, Mass.

Miss Anna B. Eckstein, 30 Newbury Street, Boston, Mass.
Rev. B. F. Leavitt, Melrose Highlands, Mass.

Lucia Ames Mead, 20 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.
Wm. A. Mowry, Ph.D., Hyde Park, Mass.

Bliss Perry, 4 Park St., Boston, Mass.

Henry Pickering, 81 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.
Frederick A. Smith, West Medford, Mass.
Homer B. Sprague, Ph. D., Newton, Mass.
Rev. G. W. Stearns, Middleboro, Mass.

Fiske Warren, 8 Mt. Vernon Place, Boston, Mass.
Rev. C. H. Watson, D.D., Arlington, Mass.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE:

Hon. Robert Treat Paine, ex-officio.

Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL. D., ex-officio.
Frederick Brooks, 31 Milk St., Boston, Mass.
Frederic Cunningham, 53 State St., Boston, Mass.

Wm. A. Mowry, Ph. D., Hyde Park, Mass.
Henry Pickering, 81 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.
Dr. Homer B. Sprague, Newton, Mass.

HONORARY COUNSEL:

Cephas Brainerd, New York, N.Y.
Moorfield Storey, Brookline, Mass.
Judge William L. Putnam, Portland, Me.
Hon. Josiah Quincy, Boston, Mass.

CONSTITUTION

OF THE

AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY.

ARTICLE I. This Society shall be designated the "AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY."

ART. II. This Society, being founded on the principle that war is contrary to the spirit of Christianity and of all true religion and morality, shall have for its object to illustrate the inconsistency of war with this spirit, to show its baleful influence on all the great interests of mankind, and to devise means for insuring universal and permanent peace.

ART. III. All persons desirous of promoting peace on earth and goodwill towards men may become members of this society.

ART. IV. Every annual member of the Society shall pay a yearly contribution of two dollars; the payment of twentyfive dollars at one time shall constitute any person a Life member.

ART. V. The chairman of each corresponding committee, the officers and delegates of every auxiliary contributing to the funds of this Society and every minister of the gospel who preaches once a year on the subject of peace, and takes up a collection in behalf of the cause, shall be entitled to the privileges of regular members.

ARг. VI. All contributors shall be entitled within the year to one-half the amount of their contributions in the publications of the Society.

ART. VII. The Officers of this Society shall be a President, Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer, an Auditor and a Board of Directors, consisting of not more than twenty members of the Society, incl iding the President, Secretary and Treasurer, who shall be ex-officio members of the Board. All Officers shall hold their offices until their successors are appointed, and the Board of Directors shall have power to fill vacancies in any office of the Society. There shall be an Executive Committee of seven, consisting of the President, Secretary and five Directors to be chosen by the Board, which Committee shall, subject to the Board of Directors, have the entire control of the executive and financial affairs of the Society. Meetings of the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee may be called by the President, the Secretary, or two members of such body. The Society or the Board of Directors may invite persons of well-known legal ability to act as Honorary Counsel.

ART. VIII. The Society shall hold an annual meeting at such time and place as the Board of Directors may appoint, to receive their own and the Treasurer's report, to choose officers, and transact such other business as may come before them.

ART. IX. The object of this Society shall never be changed; but the Constitution may in other respects be altered, on recommendation of the Executive Committee, or of any ten members of the Society, by a vote of three-fourths of the members present at any regular meeting.

Publications of the American Peace Society.

Tolstoy's Letter on the Russo-Japanese War.-48 pages and cover. Price, postpaid, 10 cts.

A Regular International Advisory Congress. By Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL.D. A paper read before the Twentyfirst Conference of the International Law Association, Antwerp, Belgium, September 30, 1903. Price 5 cts. each, War Unnecessary and Unchristian.-By AugustineJones, LL. B. New edition, 20 pages. 5 cts. each, $2.00 per hundred. Nationalism and Internationalism, or Mankind One Body.— By George Dana Boardman, D.D., LL.D. New edition. Price 5 cts. each, or $2.00 per hundred, prepaid.

The Hague Court in the Pious Fund Arbitration. - Address of Hon. William L. Penfield, Solicitor of the State Department, at the Mohonk Arbitration Conference, May 28, 1903. Price 5 cts. each.

The Historic Development of the Peace Idea.- By Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL. D. 32 pages. Price 5 cts. each. $2.50 per hundred.

A Primer of the Peace Movement. - Prepared by Lucia Ames Mead. A reprint of the American Peace Society's Carddisplay Exhibit at the St. Louis Exposition. A most valuable compendium of statistics, brief arguments, facts, etc. 26 pages, large print. Price, postpaid, 10 cts.; $7.50 per hundred.

A Solemn Review of the Custom of War. By Noah Worcester, D. D. A reprint of the pamphlet first published in 1814. 24 pages. Price 5 cts.; $3 per hundred. Dymond's Essay on War. With an introduction by John Bright. Sent free on receipt of 5 cts. for postage.

War from the Christian Point of View.- By Ernest Howard Crosby. Revised edition. $1.50 per hundred, prepaid. Women and War. - By Grace Isabel Colbron. 4 pages. 40 cts. per hundred, postpaid.

The Nation's Responsibility for Peace.-By Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL.D. Price 5 cts., or $2.00 per hundred, prepaid. The Mexican International American Conference and Arbitration.--By Hon. William I. Buchanan. Address delivered before the American Peace Society, Boston, April 15, 1902. 23 pages. Price 5 cts., prepaid. The Absurdities of Militarism.- By Ernest Howard Crosby. 12 pages. Price $1.50 per hundred. Third edition.

An Essay toward the Present and Future Peace of Europe.By William Penn. First published in 1693. 24 pages, with cover. Price 6 cts., or $3.00 per hundred, prepaid. International Arbitration at the Opening of the Twentieth Century.-By Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL.D. 20 pages. Price 5 cts. each. $2.50 per hundred, postpaid.

Text of the Hague Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes.— Price 5 cts. each. Perpetual Peace. By Immanuel Kant. Translated by Benjamin F. Trueblood. 53 pages. Price 20 cents, postpaid. The Arbitrations of the United States. - By Professor John Bassett Moore. 32 pages. 5 cents each. $2.50 per hundred. The War System; Its History, Tendency, and Character, in the Light of Civilization and Religion. — By Rev. Reuen Thomas, D.D. New edition. Price 10 cts., prepaid. Report of the Chicago Peace Congress of 1893.- Price postpaid, cloth 75 cts.; paper, 50 cents.

The Christian Attitude Toward War in the Light of Recent History. By Alexander Mackennal, D. D. Address delivered at the International Congregational Council, Boston, September 22, 1899. Price $1.50 per hundred, prepaid. Military Drill in Schools. - By Rev. W. Evans Darby, LL.D. 8 pages. Price 2 cts., or $1.25 per hundred, postpaid. The Menace of the Navy. -8 pages. $1.00 per hundred. William Penn's Holy Experiment in Civil Government. By Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL.D. 24 pages with cover. 5 cts. each, or $2.00 per hundred, carriage paid. History of the Seventy-five Years' Work of the American Peace Society. - 16 pages. Two copies for 5 cts.

CA

VOL. LXVII.

The President's Note to Japan and Russia, and the Prospect of Peace. On June 8 the following dispatch was sent by President Roosevelt, through diplomatic channels, to the Japanese and Russian governments:

"The President feels that the time has come when in the interest of all mankind he must endeavor to see if it is not possible to bring to an end the terrible and lamentable conflict now being waged. With both Russia and Japan the United States has inherited ties of friendship and goodwill. It hopes for the prosperity and welfare of each, and it feels that the progress of the world is set back by the war between these two great nations.

"The President accordingly urges the Russian and Japanese governments, not only for their own sakes, but in the interest of the whole civilized world, to open direct negotiations for peace with one another.

"The President suggests that these peace negotiations be conducted directly and exclusively between the belligerents; in other words, that there may be a meeting of Russian and Japanese plenipotentiaries or delegates without any intermediary, in order to see if it is not possible for these representatives of the powers to agree to terms of peace.

"The President earnestly asks that the (Russian) (Japanese) government do now agree to such a meeting and is asking the (Japanese) (Russian) government like wise to agree.

While the President does not feel that

No. 7

any intermediary should be called in in respect to the peace negotiations themselves, he is entirely willing to do what he properly can if the two powers concerned feel that his services will be of aid in arranging the preliminaries as to the time and place of meeting.

"But, if even these preliminaries can be arranged directly between the two powers, or in any other way, the President will be glad, as his sole purpose is to bring about a meeting, which the whole civilized world will pray may result in peace."

It is an immense relief to the civilized world that the end of "the terrible and lamentable conflict " now seems to be in sight. The President's course has the heartiest approval of all our citizens without regard to party, though a few have suggested that it was due to simple impulse and boldness on his part. It was, to our thinking, one of the wisest and timeliest public acts which he has done. It is well known to many that for a whole year he and Mr. Hay had been watching for a favorable moment to offer good offices to try to end the conflict. Before the sea battle they were on the point of making a supreme effort to secure the joint action of all the important powers in an attempt at mediation.

The President's note, perfectly diplomatic as it was, was most direct and powerful, and also poble in spirit. It voiced the cry of the civilized world for the end of the war, and that is wherein much of its power lay. History has no record of any such general public insistence upon the termination of a war as has been witnessed in the case of this one. The President knew this and spoke for us all.

Contrary to the expectations of most of the European powers, Russia and Japan accepted the President's suggestion and agreed at once to follow the course indicated. They have since named each two eminent statesmen as peace commissioners, and will, as the President urged, negotiate directly instead of through some intermediary. The commissioners will meet in Washington early in August and then probably go, for their actual work, to some New England summer resort.

Though no armistice has yet been declared, it does not seem probable, in the present state of the proceedings, that the two great armies in Manchuria will again come to battle. again come to battle. There has been some skirmish fighting, but nothing general. The peace commissioners will probably reach an agreement in a comparatively short time, though their task is far from an easy one, notwithstanding the fact that it is under

stood that Japan's demands upon Russia for indemnity will not be excessive, considering all the circumstances. At any rate, we shall all hope and pray, as the President does, that their meeting and deliberations "may result in peace," and peace upon such conditions as will break the sword forever between them and not simply sheathe it.

The Great Naval Battle.

As we went to press last month the great naval battle in the Sea of Japan had just been fought, resulting in the defeat and almost total destruction of the Russian fleet. It was a swift and terrible affair. One can imagine all the demons of the deep coming to the surface and shouting in high glee to see ship after ship struck and smashed and set on fire, and then go plunging, -hissing, roaring and moaning, to the bottom of the sea, carrying down, in the case of several vessels, the entire body of men on board. For a wooden man, without conscience or heart, if there be such a man anywhere in the world, it was great sport to watch the meeting of the fleets, the masterly skill with which Admiral Togo entrapped and surrounded and then proceeded to crush like eggshells the craft of the Russian admiral who had come, courageously and with no small display of skill and force, all the way from the Baltic to treat the Japanese fleet in the same way if possible.

And it was, as is usual when great battles are fought, just this wooden, mechanical side of the affair which men saw and talked of and cabled about and commented on in the press, and enjoyed. The reflexions of the average paper and of the average man about the battle took, apparently, no more account of the men, the living human beings in its mad swirl, than if they had not existed at all, or had been only so many chessmen to be moved or wooden pins to be knocked down and sent flying in every direction. The conflict was viewed simply, or largely, as a feat of intellectual strength, skill and manœuvring.

Nobody denies that from this point of view, taken by itself, there was much that was striking, even fascinating, about the battle, as there is about every display of intellectual power, especially when in coöperation with the enormous material energy of things, of which science has put man in control.

But nobody has a right to look at a battle from this point of view, when there in the midst of the inferno of the thing thousands of men are horribly mangling and killing each other. To do so is to divest oneself of one's human nature, and to dishonor all men. Men are not chessboard pieces or bowling pins; they are men with men's rights and high possibilities and capacities of suffering and of happiness in them. That is what makes a battle, fought with no matter what skill and bravery and in behalf of whatever cause, the infernal thing that it is, the in

fernal thing which no amount of "civilizing" can ever change. Every one of the Russian soldiers shelled into fragments in this battle or sent to the bottom of the sea, every one of the Japanese men killed or wounded was some father's pride, some woman's son, some woman's husband or brother. When the wires reported that women passing through the halls of the Russian admiralty burst into sobs or fainted away when they saw that some particular ship had been sunk, they revealed something of the awful heart-tragedy accompanying the battle, and every battle. That heart-tragedy is what ought always to be regarded by those who are attempting to interpret the meaning of a war- the killing of souls.

We have said that, apparently, the battle was viewed by the average man and newspaper as a purely mechanical affair. We are convinced, however, that below the surface the case was very different. The imagination of good men - and there are multitudes of them could not refrain from dealing with the personal side of the terrible scene. As the war has been so universally regretted, so the anguish produced by this naval battle, with its wholesale swallowing up of men, has been deep and keen. This would have been loudly expressed, but for fear of the charge of sentimentalism, which many people fear worse than they do wholesale bloodshed. The world is growing rapidly more humane and tender. It cares for its unfortunate in an altogether new and most generous way; and it cannot long tolerate that which voluntarily produces misfortune on a colossal scale. Such events as that of the Japanese sea fight are seen and felt to be entirely out of harmony with the spirit and temper of the time. There is no longer any place for them in our modern world. They are a distinct public disgrace, and felt to be so; and the tender, suffering heart of the world will ere long make a final and complete end of them.

The Scandinavian Situation.

John Frederick Hanson, of Portland, Ore., a Norwegian by birth, who has spent most of his mature life in this country, except a few years devoted to religious labor in his native land, sends us a communication about the Swedish-Norwegian situation, in which he ventures the prophecy that "Norway's claim to independent action will in time become apparent and commend itself to the

good judgment of other nations. "The people of Norway," he says, "are a unit in their contention for their constitutional rights. All political party lines have disappeared for the time."

He gives several reasons for believing that the crisis will pass without war. The first is the organized peace work that has been carried on for ten years by the peace societies of Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Every other