need no soldiers to prove it. The Constitution of 1787 created a Supreme Court, and before that Supreme Court the President of the United States has to bow; before it all of the people have to bow. It is not generally known that in the years past Rhode Island and Massachusetts were on the verge of a civil war; they were as near to it as are Japan and Russia to-day, but the Supreme Court of the United States stepped in and each of those great commonwealths had to bow to the superior powers created by the Constitution of the United States. That sort of thing has been going on for one hundred and twenty years, and there is no reason why it should not be extended to all the earth and wars become a thing of the past before the superior power of a great supreme court of the earth, an idea that was intended when the twenty-six nations met at The Hague in response to the call of the Czar to arrange for universal disarmament and universal peace. The pessimist is likely to say that the Emperor of Russia is a humbug, a dreamer, a hypocrite. No person who has done so much in the interest of peace deserves to be spoken of in that tone. He called for the formation of the tribunal of peace. We have The Hague. It is not a parliament of peace; it is a supreme court among nations; and may it grow to be strong enough to bind the world together so that questions about boundaries and all differences may in a business way be submitted to it. Speech of Rabbi Silverman. Israel is weak, but she has always stood as an advocate of peace. There is an adage that says in time of peace prepare for war. I would change that to read, in time of peace prepare for peace by peaceful means. I think that should be the motto of this organization. It is no great thing to achieve quiet by force, but it is a great achievement to turn an enemy into a friend by justice and sweet reasonableness. Israel has been a weak people in comparison with the great nations of the world, but they have held their own not by force of arms, but by the means of peace. The Bible is replete with injunctions to seek peace, your Bible, my Bible, the world's Bible, and it contains no more beautiful passage than this: "How beautiful when brethren dwell together in unity." We to-day are in the line of natural progress. We are in a state of evolution, and from now on we shall advance by spiritual progress. Men cannot get along by brute force alone and forever. And at this time I crave your indulgence if I say that there might seem to be justification for impugning the motives of a man who advocates peace on the one hand when he permits thousands of his subjects to be slaughtered on the other. Fifty years ago arbitration was not much thought of. To-day the chances of success are great. That is because we are living and advancing by natural progress. Evolution henceforth is to be along spiritual lines. As long as the nations of the world have great armies and navies no arbitration will stand. There must be universal disarmament if we would achieve universal peace. We are making history to-day, and we should have a care to make it aright. There should be disarmament by all the powers of the earth, only a sufficient force of soldiers being maintained to assure the internal peace of the countries. By advocating the laying down of the arms of the world we may be to-day laying the cornerstone of the great universal republic of the future. May the flags united above us be the symbol of all nations united. Speech of Hon. J. M. Dickinson. This address was perhaps the ablest of all. those given at the Conference, and we regret that we have no full report of it. Mr. Dickinson began by paying a flattering tribute to Mr. Foster, who, he said, deserved the credit in large measure for the success of the Alaska Boundary Commission. "It will be fully one hundred years," he said, "before the South recovers from the destruction of manhood which was brought by the civil war. That has suffered more than anything else. The men who would be the South's leaders to-day were killed in that struggle. The same would have been true had the war been carried into the North. Therefore the South is more interested in universal arbitration than any other country on the face of the earth. She knows what war is." Mr. Dickinson dealt at some length with the oft-made plea that questions of honor cannot be submitted to arbitration. He showed effectively that any international question may involve honor; that such questions have often been submitted to tribunals, and that there is no just ground for excluding them from the sphere of arbitration. He urged that this was the best method for the solution of all controversies, and that the United States, by reason of its strength and fearlessness, was peculiarly in a position to make overtures to Great Britain for a treaty that will bring any future possible misunderstanding to the Court at The Hague for final settlement. Andrew Carnegie's Speech. Great Britain longs for such a treaty as we have suggested to-day. She longs and yearns for such. She will accept. I care not for the provisions, for the limitations; I am rather concerned with the fact of the treaty itself. I hope that the little acorn thus planted may grow into the mighty oak with such power that men will cease in all lands to brutally kill one another in war. Honor, I hear you say. Honor is the most dishonored word in the English language to-day. Would it not be more honorable to abolish the duel among nations and permit tribunals to settle questions of honor? Recent events have brought the English-speaking people closer together throughout the world, and especially those of the old home and the new on the two sides of the Atlantic. Never have they been so near and dear to each other since the separation as they stand to-day. Britain stood the friend of the republic in the Spanish trouble, and appreciation of this here knows no narrow bounds. More recently still the most vexatious question between Canada and the United States has been disposed of in a manner honorable to both. In making this settlement, one great friend of the proposed treaty and of our race as a whole, the Lord Chief Justice of Great Britain, performed his duty in a manner that places him upon a pedestal for all time as the type of the righteous judge, decreeing what he believed righteous judgment even against his own desires as a patriotic citizen of his own country. Gentlemen, the greatest blot upon civilization to-day is failure to provide courts for the settlement of inter national differences. Our race first abolished settlement of individual disputes by private war; it seems her proper work to lead in taking the one step farther and abolish the killing of man by man as the only mode of settling international disputes. There has come to the earth in this twentieth century something it never had before, which may prove its greatest work, a permanent tribunal for the settlement of such disputes, the high court of international peace. Let us rejoice that it was through the advice of the President of our country that five of the principal powers now await the verdict from that court, which will peaceably settle their dispute. Remarks of Samuel Gompers. Both as a man and as a representative of the interests of organized labor, I pledge you that I am in the heartiest sympathy with the movement of this body of distinguished men. An arbitration treaty between the United States and Great Britain is at this time not at all an impossible achievement. Seventeen years ago I recall the visit to this country of Sir Lionel Playfair with the object of securing such a treaty. At that time the American Federation of Labor was in session in Baltimore, and indorsed that proposition. But at that time the HayPauncefote treaty had not been signed, neither had the Alaskan boundary question been settled, and furthermore, the English had not yet given to Ireland that relief which has since been accorded them. There was, therefore, a feeling that prevented the accomplishment of the purposes of the visitors, but they no longer stand in the way. We have broadened out since then in minds and in hearts; we have larger conceptions of man's duty to man and many features that seventeen years ago made arbitration impossible are to-day eliminated. I may say that the majority of those who give up their lives on the field of battle are from the wage-earning class. But we are all men. The people of the United States can afford to be great; they can afford to be noble minded; they can afford to continue their conduct on the high plane and along the broad principles which have long characterized them, and anything that I can do to in any way help to make successful the purposes of this body I shall regard as one of the highest duties I have ever been called upon to perform. Speech of Dr. Barclay of London. Dr. Barclay prefaced his remarks with an explanation of the causes why the treaty of 1897 was not ratified by the United States Senate. He thought it was to some extent due to that treaty having referred all cases to arbitration, without distinction of cases proper for arbitration and cases proper for conciliation. The conciliation clauses only applied if the other side objected to arbitration. He thought that whatever form of treaty was adopted for submission again to the Senate should enable the Senate to adopt clauses which referred arbitrable cases to arbitration without making the fate of the treaty dependent upon all cases being so referred. A court of arbitration, he said, was with nations as the law courts were in our private life. It was a tribunal for the decision of judicial questions only. There were cases which could manifestly not be submitted to arbitration properly so called, but which could very properly be settled by conciliation; for instance, the present difficulty between Japan and Russia, the one claiming a legitimate sphere of influence and the other claiming an outlet for her Siberian commerce. There were no judicial questions involved in the contentions of either side which could be settled by an arbitration tribunal. This distinction has been followed in the treaty between Great Britain and France, and also in the treaty which has just been signed between France and Italy. We must not be too exacting in our demands. We should get whatever we can in the way of permanent treaties of arbitration. It was a mistake to suppose that loopholes in a treaty of arbitration were altogether to be deprecated. We must take it for granted that the object of diplomacy is to get difficulties settled by pacific methods. A permanent treaty of arbitration would be a further method in the hands of diplomacy to postpone recourse to violence. Moderation in the demands made by the conference was more likely to be successful than endeavoring to carry the most ingenious measure which human wisdom could devise, but which neither parliaments nor governments considered nations ready to accept. By reference of all judicial questions to the Hague Court we were increasing its power for good. The United States had given it its first case, Mr. Carnegie has given it its first court house, and he is now in other ways behind the scenes contributing to its elevation. Great Britain and France and France and Italy had made reference to it of all judicial questions compulsory. It was for the United States and Great Britain to do the same, and, if possible, "go one more," but in any case go as far. Letter from Former President Cleveland. "I have received through Mr. Straus your very courteous invitation to attend the arbitration conference to be held on the 12th of January next and to preside over that occasion. I need not say to you how much I am interested in the object which the conference has in view and which the contemplated meeting is called to further. And yet, much to my regret, I am obliged to say in response to your invitation that engagements already made and an unusual pressure of work will prevent my attending the meeting. Thanking you for the cordiality of your invitation, "Yours very truly, "GROVER CLEVELAND." Letter from Mayor McClellan of New York. "I deeply regret that the press of public business keeps me from meeting with you, whose influence is cast for humanity in the plan of international arbitration. "In this age, when men and nations look hopefully to a future of universal peace, every endeavor to fasten upon all countries a code for the amicable adjustment of international difference must win the esteem of all mankind. "Among those who are to address you are men of many achievements for the world's good, yet I doubt if any of their works have looked to a nobler purpose than that which now engages you." Letter from Mayor Harrison of Chicago. "Owing to the terrible calamity which has been visited upon our people here in Chicago, and the demands upon my time in consequence, it will be impossible for me to be with you, much as I would like to. "In my opinion arbitration should always be resorted to between civilized countries when differences arise. The world is surely far enough advanced by this time to be willing to make an appeal to arms the last resort where nations fall out. Christianity, humanity and all of the higher motives of men make it imperative that before a war is declared every peaceful means of settling matters in controversy should have been employed. That arbitration is not a mere word, but a living principle, has been proved over and over again. The settlement of the Alaskan boundary question is one of the late examples of the wisdom of arbitration. When nations, as well as individuals, are ready to listen to the dictates of reason and prudence before embarking in war as a means of settling grievances, the world will have advanced immeasurably toward the higher civilization." Resolutions of the Boston Chamber of Commerce. The following resolutions were adopted at a meeting of the Boston Chamber of Commerce held on the 7th of January: Whereas, the government of the United States has recently adopted the principle of arbitration in the settlement of differences with other nations in respect to the Alaskan boundary and the Venezuelan boundary question; and Whereas, such mode of settlement is in the interest of peace and national well-being; it is hereby Resolved, by the Boston Chamber of Commerce, that we favor the negotiation of a treaty of arbitration between the United States and Great Britain, under which all questions that may hereafter arise, excepting only those that relate to national honor and territorial jurisdiction, shall be referred to the International Tribunal at The Hague for final settlement. Resolved, that a copy of these resolutions be sent to the President of the United States, the Secretary of State, and the Senators and Representatives of Massachusetts. At the same meeting a committee of twenty-three members of the Chamber was appointed to promote the negotiation of a treaty with Great Britain, as approved in the foregoing resolutions. The Philadelphia Maritime Exchange. PREAMBLE AND RESOLUTIONS FAVORING ARBITRATION TREATIES BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES, ADOPTED BY THE PHILADELPHIA MARITIME EXCHANGE THE THIRTY FIRST DAY OF december, 1903. Whereas, the effect of war, aside from the attendant inevitable loss of life and property, is to embarrass the peaceable pursuits of trade and often to paralyze commercial and maritime industries, as well as to increase taxation; and Whereas, the resort to arms for the settlement of international disputes seems more consistent with a state of undevelopment than with the advanced civilization of the twentieth century, and above all out of harmony with the humane principles of Christianity, which we as a people profess; and Whereas, the principle of arbitration for the settlement of controversies has from the first been a feature of the public policy of the United States as a nation; therefore be it Resolved, that it is the sense of THE PHILADELPHIA MARITIME EXCHANGE that the public good would be promoted by the adoption of treaties between the United States and the other leading countries of the world (and, at the present time, more particularly with Great Britain), providing, under proper restrictions, for the reference to arbitration of international questions in dispute which shall have failed of settlement through the usual diplomatic means; and, further Resolved, that a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to the President of the United States, the Secretary of State, each member of the United States Senate and House of Representatives, the Governor of Pennsylvania, each member of the Pennsylvania Legislature, the Mayor of Philadelphia, and to each member of Select and Common Councils of Philadelphia. THE PHILADELPHIA MARITIME EXCHANGE, (Signed) J. S. W. HOLTON, President. ATTEST: (Signed) E. R. SHARWOOD, Secretary. PHILADELPHIA, 31st December, 1903. Pamphlets Received. THE VENEZUELAN ARBITRATION. Argument of Wayne MacVeagh before the Hague Tribunal, October 3 and 5, 1893. The author, Washington, D. C. REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN, for the year 1903, on an Annual Demonstration of Women in behalf of Peace and International Arbitration. Mrs. May Wright Sewall, Chairman, Indianapolis, Indiana. LES GLOIRES DE LA PAIX. Songs destined for schools. In French. By Nicolo Ansaldi and Madam Albertine Ansaldi, Geneva, Switzerland. ILLUSTRATED (PEACE) ALMANAC. In Italian. Prepared under the direction of the Lombard Peace Union, Milan, Italy. WEDER SEDAN NOCH JENA. By Alfred H. Fried, Theo. Gutman, BerlinCharlottenburg, Germany. THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. By William Morton Payne, LL.D., Chicago. Reprinted from the International Quarterly, 542 Fifth Avenue, New York. LA PAIX SOCIALE. Voies et Moyens. By A. Gromier, 1 rue du MarchéOrdener, Paris. PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION. Report of William I. Buchanan, DirectorGeneral, Buffalo, N. Y. RECONCILIATION OF FRANCE AND GERMANY. Divide Alsace-Lorraine along the Language Boundary, and prevent "The World's Final Great War." By Robert Stein, Washington, D. C. OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY. PRESIDENT: HON. ROBERT TREAT PAINE, 6 Joy St., Boston, Mass. TREASURER: THOMAS H. RUSSELL, 27 State St., Boston, Mass. VICE-PRESIDENTS: Rev. Edw. Everett Hale, D.D., 39 Highland St., Roxbury, Mass. Jane Addams, Hull House, Chicago, Ill. Edward Atkinson, Brookline, Mass. Joshua L. Baily, 1624 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. Wm. E. Barton, D.D., Oak Park, Ill. Rev. Everett D. Burr, D.D., Newton Centre, Mass. Hon. Thomas B. Bryan, Chicago, Ill. Hon. Samuel B. Capen, 38 Greenough Ave., Boston, Mass. Rev. Frank G. Clark, Plymouth, N. H. Edward H. Clement, 3 Regent Circle, Brookline, Mass. Rev. Joseph S. Cogswell, Walpole, N. H. Rev. D. S. Coles, Wakefield, Mass. Geo. Cromwell, Brooklyn, N.Y. Rev. G. L. Demarest, D.D., Manchester, N. H. Rev. Howard C. Dunham, Winthrop, Mass. Everett O. Fisk, 4 Ashburton Place, Boston, Mass. B. O. Flower, Brookline, Mass. Hon. John B. Foster, Bangor, Me. Philip C. Garrett, Philadelphia, Pa. Merrill E. Gates, LL.D., Washington, D. C. Edwin Ginn, 29 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Maria Freeman Gray, 3648 Twenty-second St., San Francisco, Hon. Thomas N. Hart, Boston, Mass. Julia Ward Howe, 241 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Hon. John W. Hoyt, Washington, D. C. Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, New York City, N. Y. Hon. Samuel M. Jones, Toledo, Ohio. Edwin D. Mead, 20 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Rev. Philip S. Moxom, D.D., Springfield, Mass. Hon. Nathan Matthews, Jr., 456 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. George Foster Peabody, 28 Monroe Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. L. H. Pillsbury, Derry, N. H. Hon. J. H. Powell, Henderson, Ky. Hon. Wm. L. Putnam, Portland, Me. Sylvester F. Scovel, D. D., Wooster, Ohio. CORRESPONDING SECRETARY: BENJ. F. TRUEBLOOD, LL.D., 31 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. AUDITOR: DR. WILLIAM F. JARVIS, 233 Moody St., Waltham, Mass. Mrs. May Wright Sewall, Indianapolis, Ind. Edwin Burritt Smith, 164 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Ruth H. Spray, Salida, Col. Mrs. L. M. N. Stevens, Portland, Me. Rev. Edward M. Taylor, D.D., Cambridge, Mass. DIRECTORS: Hon. Robert Treat Paine, ex-officio. Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL. D., ex-officio. Rev. Charles G. Ames, D.D., 12 Chestnut St., Boston, Mass. Alice Stone Blackwell, 45 Boutwell St., Dorchester, Mass. Rev. S. C. Bushnell, Arlington, Mass. Rev. Charles F. Dole, Jamaica Plain, Mass. Rev. Scott F. Hershey, LL.D., 454 Massachustts Ave., Boston, Rev. B. F. Leavitt, Melrose Highlands, Mass. Henry Pickering, 81 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. Rev. Reuen Thomas, D.D., Brookline, Mass. Kate Gannett Wells, 45 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Mass. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: Hon. Robert Treat Paine, ex-officio. HONORARY COUNSEL: Cephas Brainerd, New York, N.Y. CONSTITUTION OF THE AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY. ARTICLE I. This Society shall be designated the "AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY." ART. II. This Society, being founded on the principle that all war is contrary to the spirit of the gospel, shall have for its object to illustrate the inconsistency of war with Christianity, to show its baleful influence on all the great interests of mankind, and to devise means for insuring universal and permanent peace. ART. III. Persons of every Christian denomination desirous of promoting peace on earth and goodwill towards men may become members of this Society. ART. IV. Every annual subscriber of two dollars shall be a member of this Society. ART. V. The payment of twenty dollars at one time shall constitute any person a Life-member. ART. VI. The chairman of each corresponding committee, the officers and delegates of every auxiliary contributing to the funds of this Society, and every minister of the gospel who preaches once a year on the subject of peace, and takes up a collection in behalf of the cause, shall be entitled to the privileges of regular members. ART. VII. All contributors shall be entitled within the year to one-half the amount of their contributions in the publications of the Society. ART. VIII. The Officers of this Society shall be a President, Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer, an Auditor and a Board of Directors, consisting of not less than twenty members of the Society, including the President, Secretary and Treasurer, who shall be ex-officio members of the Board. All Officers shall hold their offices until their successors are appointed, and the Board of Directors shall have power to fill vacancies in any office of the Society. There shall be an Executive Committee of seven, consisting of the President, Secretary and five Directors to be chosen by the Board, which Committee shall, subject to the Board of Directors, have the entire control of the executive and financial affairs of the Society. Meetings of the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee may be called by the President, the Secretary, or two members of such body. The Society or the Board of Directors may invite persons of well-known legal ability to act as Honorary Counsel. ART. IX. The Society shall hold an annual meeting at such time and place as the Board of Directors may appoint, to receive their own and the Treasurer's report, to choose officers, and transact such other business as may come before them. ART. X. The object of this Society shall never be changed; but the Constitution may in other respects be altered, on recommendation of the Executive Committee, or of any ten members of the Society, by a vote of three-fourths of the members present at any regular meeting. Publications of the American Peace Society. A Regular International Advisory Congress. - By Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL.D. A paper read before the Twentyfirst Conference of the International Law Association, Antwerp, Belgium, September 30, 1903. Price 5 cts. each, or $2.00 per hundred, prepaid. War Unnecessary and Unchristian.—By Augustine Jones, LL. War from the Christian Point of View.- By Ernest Howard Crosby. Address at the Episcopal Church Congress at Providence, R. I., November, 1900. 12 pages. $1.50 per hundred, prepaid. The Coming Reform - A Woman's Word. - By Mary Elizabeth Blake. New edition, 12 pages. $1.50 per hundred. The Nation's Responsibility for Peace.-By Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL.D. Price 5 cts., or $2.00 per hundred, prepaid. The Mexican International American Conference and Arbitration. By Hon. William I. Buchanan. Address delivered before the American Peace Society, Boston, April 15, 1902. 23 pages. Price 5 cts., prepaid. - The Absurdities of Militarism.- By Ernest Howard Crosby. Address delivered at the Commemoration meeting held in Tremont Temple, Boston, January 16, 1901. 12 pages. Price $1.50 per hundred. An Essay toward the Present and Future Peace of Europe.By William Penn. First published in 1693. 24 pages, with cover. Price 6 cts., or $3.00 per hundred, prepaid. A Permanent Tribunal of Arbitration. - By Edward Everett Topics for Essays and Discussions in Schools, Colleges, and Debating Societies, with a list of reference books. Sent on receipt of two cents for postage. Report of the Chicago Peace Congress of 1893. - Price postpaid, cloth 75 cts.; paper, 50 cents. Held Report of the American Friends' Peace Conference. at Philadelphia in December, 1901. Contains all the papers read. Price 15 cts. postpaid. The Christian Attitude Toward War in the Light of Recent History.- By Alexander Mackennal, D. D. Address delivered at the International Congregational Council, Boston, September 22, 1899. Price $1.50 per hundred, prepaid. International Arbitration; Its Present Status and Prospects. - By Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL.D. New edition. 19 pages. Price 5 cts. each, or $2.00 per hundred, prepaid. Military Drill in Schools. By Rev. W. Evans Darby, LL.D. 8 pages. Price 2 cts., or $1.25 per hundred, postpaid. The Old Testament on War. - By George Gillett. 24 pages. 5 cts. each, or $2.00 per hundred, prepaid. The Growth of European Militarism.-Price 20 cents per hundred, prepaid. William Penn's Holy Experiment in Civil Government. - By Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL.D. 24 pages with cover. 5 cts. each, or $2.00 per hundred, carriage paid. History of the Seventy-five Years' Work of the American Peace Society. - 16 Pages. Two copies for 5 cts. A Battle, as it appeared to an Eye-witness. By Rev. R. B. Howard. Letter Leaflet No. 1. Price, postpaid, 20 cts. per hundred. The Cherry Festival of Naumburg. Letter Leaflet No. 4. Price 20 cts. per hundred, prepaid. Woman and War. - By Ernest Howard Crosby. Letter Leaflet No. 6. Price 20 cts. per hundred, prepaid. Coals of Fire. - By Willis R. Hotchkiss, of the Friends' African Industrial Mission. Letter Leaflet No. 7. Price 30 cts. per hundred, prepaid. Washington's Anti-militarism.- Letter Leaflet No. 84. 4 pages. Price 35 cts. per hundred, prepaid. |