selves ill did not receive even ten minutes' attention before they were marked Satisfactory.' When we, these two thousand satisfactory individuals, were driven from the military commander to the barracks, along the road spread out for almost a verst stood a crowd of relatives, mothers, and wives with infants in arms, and if you had only heard and seen how they clasped their fathers, husbands, sons, and hanging round their necks wailed hopelessly! Generally I behave in a reserved way and can restrain my feelings, but I could not hold out, and I also wept." (In journalistic language this same is expressed thus: "The upheaval of patriotic feeling is immense.") "Where is the standard that can measure all this immensity of woe now spreading itself over almost onethird of the world? And we, we are now that food for cannon, which in the near future will be offered as sacrifice to the God of vengeance and horror. 66 "I cannot manage to establish my inner balance. Oh! how I execrate myself for this double-mindedness which prevents my serving one Master and God." This man does not yet sufficiently believe that what destroys the body is not dreadful, but that which destroys both the body and the soul: therefore he cannot refuse to go; yet while leaving his own family he promises beforehand that through him not one Japanese family shall be orphaned; he believes in the chief law of God, the law of all religions, to act toward others as one wishes others to act toward oneself. Of such men more or less consciously recognizing this law there are in our time, not in the Christian world alone, but in the Buddhistic, Mohammedan, Confucian, and Brahminic world, not only thousands but millions. There exist true heroes, not those who are now being fêted because, having wished to kill others, they were not killed themselves, but true heroes who are now confined in prisons and in the province of Yakoutsk for having categorically refused to enter the ranks of murderers, and who have preferred martyrdom to this departure from the law of Jesus. There are also such as he who writes to me, who go, but who will not kill. But also that majority which goes without thinking, and endeavors not to think of what it is doing, still in the depth of its soul does now already feel that it is doing an evil deed by obeying authorities who tear men from labor and from their families, and send them to needless slaughter of men, repugnant to their soul and their faith; and they go only because they are so entangled on all sides that" Where can one escape?" Meanwhile, those who remain at home not only feel this but know and express it. Yesterday in the high Yesterday in the high road I met some peasants returning from Toula. One of them was reading a leaflet as he walked by the side of his cart. I asked, "What is that, a telegram?" "This is yesterday's, but here is one of to-day." He took another out of his pocket. We stopped. I read it. "You should have seen what took place yesterday at the station," he said, "it was dreadful." "Wives, children, more than a thousand of them, weeping. They surrounded the train, but were allowed no further. Strangers wept, looking on. One woman from Toula gasped and fell down dead; five children. They have since been placed in various institutions, but the father was driven away all the same. . . . What do we want with this Manchuria, or whatever it is called. There is sufficient land here. And what a lot of people and of property has been destroyed." Yes, the relation of men to war is now quite different from that which formerly existed even so lately as the year '77. That which is now taking place never took place before. The papers set forth that, during the receptions of the Czar, who is traveling about Russia for the purpose of hypnotizing the men who are being sent to murder, indescribable enthusiasm is manifested amongst the people. As a matter of fact something quite different is being manifested. From all sides one hears reports that in one place three Reservists have hanged themselves; in another spot two more; in yet another about a woman whose husband had been taken away bringing her children to the conscription committee-room and leaving them there; while another hanged herself in the yard of the military commander. All are dissatisfied, gloomy, exasperated. The words, "For the Faith, the King, and the Fatherland," the National Anthem, and shouts of "Hurrah" no longer act upon people as they once did. Another warfare of a different kind, the struggling consciousness of the deceit and sinfulness of the work to which people are being called, is more and more taking possession of the people. Yes, the great strife of our time is not that now taking place between the Japanese and the Russians, nor that which may blaze up between the white and yellow races, not that strife which is carried on by mines, bombs, bullets, but that spiritual strife, which without ceasing has gone on and is now going on between the enlightened consciousness of mankind now waiting for manifestation and that darkness and that burden which surrounds and oppresses mankind. In His own time Jesus yearned in expectation, and said: "I came to cast fire upon the earth, and how I wish that it were already kindled." Luke 12: 49. That which Jesus longed for is being accomplished, the fire is being kindled. Then do not let us check it, but let us spread and serve it. 13 May, 1904. REJOICING AT THE WHOLESALE DESTRUCTION OF LIVES. I should never finish this article if I were to continue to add to it all that corroborates its essential idea. Yesterday the news came in of the sinking of the Japanese ironclads, and in the so-called higher circles of Russian fashionable, rich, intellectual society they are, without the slightest conscientious scruples, rejoicYet ing at the destruction of a thousand human lives. to-day I have received from a simple seaman, a man standing on the lowest plane of society, the following letter: * Letter from sailor (there follows his Christian name, father's name and surname). "Much respected Lyof Nikolaevitch, I greet you with a low bow, with love, much respected Lyof Nikolaevitch. "I have read your book. It was very pleasant read The letter is written in a most illiterate way, filled with mistakes in orthography and punctuation. (Trans.) ing for me. I have been a great lover of reading your works. Well, Lyof Nikolaevitch, we are now in a state of war; please write to me whether it is agreeable to God or not that our commanders compel us to kill. I beg you, Lyof Nikolaevitch, write to me please whether or not the truth now exists on earth. Tell me, Lyof Nikolaevitch. In church here a prayer is being read, the priest mentions the Christ-loving army. Is it true or not that God loves war? I pray you, Lyof Nikolaevitch, have you got any books from which I could see whether truth exists on earth or not. Send me such books. What they cost, I will pay. I beg you, Lyof Nikolaevitch, do not neglect my request. If there are no books, then send me a letter. I will be very glad when I receive a letter from you. I will await your letter with impatience. Good-by for the present. I remain alive and well, and wish the same to you from the Lord God. Good health and good success in your work." There follows the address, Port Arthur, the name of the ship on which the correspondent serves, his rank and his name. In a direct way, in words, I cannot answer this dear, serious and truly enlightened man. He is in Port Arthur, with which there no longer is any communication either by letter or telegraph. But we still have a mutual means of communication. This means is that God in whom we both believe and concerning whom we both know that war is not according to His will. The doubt which has arisen in his soul contains at the same time its own solution. And this doubt has now arisen and is living in the souls of thousands and thousands of men, not only Russians and not only Japanese, but all those unfortunate people who are compelled by violence to fulfill the act most repellent to human nature. The hypnotism by which people have been stupefied and by which governments still endeavor to stupefy them soon passes off, and its effect is becoming weaker and weaker; whereas the doubt as to "whether or not it be agreeable to God that our commanders compel us to kill" grows stronger and stronger, cannot in any way be extinguished, and keeps spreading further and further. The doubt as to "whether or not it be agreeable to God that our commanders compel us to kill". - this is a spark of that fire which Jesus kindled upon earth and which is beginning to spread. To know and feel this is a great joy. YASNAYA POLIANA, May 21, 1904. LEO TOLSTOY. The Peace Cause at the Women's International Council in Berlin. national Peace Congress which is to meet in Boston in October, and is working for the largest possible representation of the women of the country at the Congress. At Berlin she did much to stimulate European interest in the Congress and in the whole cause of peace and arbitration. She gives for publication the following account of the action of the women at Berlin in this matter: "During the recent quinquennial of the International Council at Berlin its Peace Committee held six sessions. As its acting chairman, I invited all the members of the Council executives from all countries, who were not members of the standing committees on peace or laws concerning domestic relations, to meet with the members of the Peace Committee. This meeting was held on the evening of Monday, June 6, and proved to be a very stimulating conference. Seventeen of the nineteen countries now having organized National Councils were represented by from one to six members of their representative National Council workers. Each country in turn was invited to give a résumé of its situation so far as matters of peace, war, arbitration, armaments, etc., were concerned. nor navy. It was "Mrs. Dixon of New South Wales told the story of a country which for one hundred years had neither army The first cannon made in New South Wales was manufactured when Great Britain called upon her colonies for help in the Boer war. Mrs. Dixon said that war was popular in New South Wales; that all the young men wanted to go; and now she said that the presence of war in Asia made New South Wales feel the necessity of being able to defend its coast. evident that all the British colonies felt that the Boer war had given them an opportunity to prove their loyalty. It is pitiful that, at this stage of civilization, the killing of a perfect stranger, toward whom one can have no rational feeling of animosity, or the exposing of oneself to be slain by such a stranger, is regarded, by highly educated people, as a final proof of loyalty and the finest exhibition of patriotism. The delegates representing Great Britain itself told of the antagonism that had been excited by the suggestion of a member of the British government to introduce the conscription system. The presentation of the attitude of various classes of Englishmen toward this proposition was one of the chief features of interest at the conference. "Mrs. Sherriff-Bain of New Zealand reported that the result of the Boer war in her country had been to make military drill an almost universal part of public school education, and that many women teachers give the boys instruction in the use of arms and superintend the drills. She reported that to many of the women this was very obnoxious, and that consultation had been held regarding Statement by Mrs. May Wright Sewall, President of what action should be taken if a willingness to take the Council. Mrs. May Wright Sewall, who was the president of the International Council of Women at its recent great meeting in Berlin, has returned to America, and from her home in Indianapolis writes to the Woman's Journal an account of the Peace Evening at the Berlin Congress, which she pronounces one of the most impressive occasions in her experience. Mrs. Sewall is chairman of the International Peace Committee of the Council. She is also a member of the Executive Committee of the Inter charge of the military drills of the boys should come to be a legal requirement of women teachers. Personally I felt some gratification in the reflection that in New Zealand the ballot and the bullet' would be going together at least. Whatever incongruities there would be in refined women, engaged in what is supposed to be the most civilizing of professions (teaching), drilling boys in the use of swords and muskets, it would certainly be less galling to an enfranchised woman than the same requirement would be to a disfranchised one. It is, however, to be hoped that should the supervision of military drill and the use of firearms come to be a requirement, a strike' will be declared by the women teachers of New Zealand. "There was a great difference of opinion among the representatives of the different countries as to the degree to which the advocacy of peace and arbitration should be made through political parties. It was quite evident that the women representing countries where women suffrage obtains were ready, independent of their own national partisan affiliation, to unite in the support of a candidate who would favor arbitration. The representatives of all the countries except Germany felt that this movement should be kept entirely independent of politics. The German women present said that in Germany only the Social Democrats as a party favor the diminution of the army, and approve seeking adjustment of international difficulties by arbitration. They therefore thought that could women who believe that the decrease of militarism is a first necessity give their moral support to political leaders sharing this opinion, even if such political leaders entertain many other opinions that are obnoxious, this might result not only in strengthening the arbitration movement in Germany, but also in moderating certain claims of the Social Democrats. "Baroness von Suttner, who was present, and who is to be present at the Peace Congress in Boston in October, made an eloquent appeal on purely moral grounds for the disapproval of war under any circumstances. She urged women, regardless of what seemed to be the political interests of their families, bravely to advocate in private and public the methods of arbitration, to oppose the conscription system, to demand. gradual disarmament and to instill into the minds of children and youth a horror of war. "Countess di Brazza, representing the Italian Council on this Committee, insisted upon the necessity of reaching disarmament through the education of children under the influence of non-military ideals. She spoke of the necessity of providing games that should not involve the mimicry of military life, and of so revising children's literature that the heroes of industry and art, of charity and benevolence, would displace the military heroes who now dominate the imagination of childhood. mittee: first, to prepare a bibliography of peace and arbitration which will include the most effective and most accessible articles, monographs, etc., in German, French and English, upon this subject; and further, to commend to every affiliated National Council to organize within its Peace Committee a sub-committee whose special business it shall be to make a careful investigation of the histories that are now being taught in the schools, with a view to reducing the space and emphasis given to military achievements and increasing the recognition of peaceful evolution, of industrial progress, of the value of arts and letters and of those who produce them. The Council also voted to send delegates to every International Peace Congress which should be held, and to ask every affiliated National Council always to send a delegate to every National Peace Congress which may be held in its own country. "As I have given an account elsewhere of the peace meeting, which was a most marvelous demonstration, it will add here only a line to say that in Berlin, the very capital of the strongest militarism in the world, there was no subject that elicited anything like the enthusiasm which did this subject of Peace by Arbitration.' The people know that war is a burden; mothers see its shadow hanging over the cradles in their nurseries; and the feeling is universal that in every other department of life pinching economy is practiced in order that there may be unlimited indulgence and splendor in military equipments." THE CHICAGO PEACE SOCIETY, 175 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill. H. W. Thomas, D. D., President. Mrs. E. A. W. Hoswell, Secretary. THE MINNESOTA PEACE SOCIETY, Minneapolis, Minn. R. J. Mendenhall, President. "The representative of Hungary, Miss Gulick, a brilliant young journalist, who acted as secretary of the committee during its Berlin session, told the story of a movement among the peasantry of Hungary which has resulted in an organization of a new religious sect calling its members the Nazarenes. The fundamental principle of the creed of this sect is opposition to war even to the point of non-resistance. The sect is growing rapidly, THE KANSAS STATE PEACE SOCIETY, and, although at first limited to the humble, is spreading its influence and gathering strength among the upper classes. It is practically a new recognition of the claim of that human brotherhood which at the present time is being advocated under so many forms and names. "There was probably no other committee that did a tithe of the work during the Berlin meetings that was done by the Peace Committee; and the report sent in by it and adopted by the full vote of the Council commits the International Council to a sturdy advocacy of peace by arbitration during the next five years. There were four resolutions adopted which authorized the Com Wichita, Kansas. George W. Hoss, LL. D., President. Form of Bequest. I hereby give and bequeath to the American Peace Society, Boston, a corporation established under the laws of the State of Massachusetts, the sum of dollars, to be employed by the Directors of said Society for the promotion of the cause of peace. VICE-PRESIDENTS: Rev. Edw. Everett Hale, D.D., 39 Highland St., Roxbury, Mass. Joshua L. Baily, 1624 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. Rev. Wm. E. Barton, D.D., Oak Park, Ill. Rev. Everett D. Burr, D.D., Newton Centre, Mass. Hon. Thomas B. Bryan, Chicago, Ill. Hon. Samuel B. Capen, 38 Greenough Ave., Boston, Mass. Rev. Frank G. Clark, Plymouth, N. H. Edward H. Clement, 3 Regent Circle, Brookline, Mass. Rev. Joseph S. Cogswell, Walpole, N. H. Rev. D. S. Coles, Wakefield, Mass. Geo. Cromwell, Brooklyn, N.Y. Rev. G. L. Demarest, D.D., Manchester, N. H. Everett O. Fisk, 4 Ashburton Place, Boston, Mass. B. O. Flower, Brookline, Mass. Hon. John B. Foster, Bangor, Me. Philip C. Garrett, Philadelphia, Pa. Merrill E. Gates, LL.D., Washington, D. C. Edwin Ginn, 29 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Maria Freeman Gray, 3648 22d Street St., San Francisco, Cal. Hon. Thomas N. Hart, Boston, Mass. Bishop E. E. Hoss, D.D., Nashville, Tenn. George W. Hoss, LL. D., Wichita, Kansas. Julia Ward Howe, 241 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Hon. John W. Hoyt, Washington, D. C. Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, New York City, N. Y. Edwin D. Mead, 20 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Hon. Nathan Matthews, Jr., 456 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. L. H. Pillsbury, Derry, N. H. Hon. J. H. Powell, Henderson, Ky. Hon. Wm. L. Putnam, Portland, Me. Mrs. May Wright Sewall, Indianapolis, Ind. Edwin Burritt Smith, 164 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill. Mrs. Ruth H. Spray, Salida, Col. Rev. Edward M. Taylor, D.D., Cambridge, Mass. DIRECTORS: Hon. Robert Treat Paine, ex-officio. Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL. D., ex-officio. Rev. Charles G. Ames, D.D., 12 Chestnut St., Boston, Mass. Alice Stone Blackwell, 45 Boutwell St., Dorchester, Mass. Rev. S. C. Bushnell, Arlington, Mass. Rev. Scott F. Hershey, LL.D., 454 Mass. Ave., Boston, Mass Henry Pickering, 81 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. Rev. G. W. Stearns, Middleboro, Mass. Rev. Reuen Thomas, D.D., Brookline, Mass. Fiske Warren, 8 Mt. Vernon Place, Boston, Mass. Rev. C. H. Watson, D.D., Arlington, Mass. Kate Gannett Wells, 45 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Mass. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: Hon. Robert Treat Paine, ex-officio. HONORARY COUNSEL: Cephas Brainerd, New York, N.Y. CONSTITUTION OF THE AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY. ARTICLE I. This Society shall be designated the "AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY." ART. II. This Society, being founded on the principle that all war is contrary to the spirit of the gospel, shall have for its object to illustrate the inconsistency of war with Christianity, to show its baleful influence on all the great interests of mankind, and to devise means for insuring universal and permanent peace. ART. III. Persons of every Christian denomination desirous of promoting peace on earth and goodwill towards men may become members of this Society. ART. IV. Every annual subscriber of two dollars shall be a member of this Society. ART. V. The payment of twenty dollars at one time shall constitute any person a Life-member. ART. VI. The chairman of each corresponding committee, the officers and delegates of every auxiliary contributing to the funds of this Society, and every minister of the gospel who preaches once a year on the subject of peace, and takes up a collection in behalf of the cause, shall be entitled to the privileges of regular members. ART. VII. All contributors shall be entitled within the year to one-half the amount of their contributions in the publications of the Society. ART. VIII. The Officers of this Society shall be a President, Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer, an Auditor and a Board of Directors, consisting of not less than twenty members of the Society, including the President, Secretary and Treasurer, who shall be ex-officio members of the Board. All Officers shall hold their offices until their successors are appointed, and the Board of Directors shall have power to fill vacancies in any office of the Society. There shall be an Executive Committee of seven, consisting of the President, Secretary and five Directors to be chosen by the Board, which Committee shall, subject to the Board of Directors, have the entire control of the executive and financial affairs of the Society. Meetings of the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee may be called by the President, the Secretary, or two members of such body. The Society or the Board of Directors may invite persons of well-known legal ability to act as Honorary Counsel. ART. IX. The Society shall hold an annual meeting at such time and place as the Board of Directors may appoint, to receive their own and the Treasurer's report, to choose officers, and transact such other business as may come before them. ART. X. The object of this Society shall never be changed; but the Constitution may in other respects be altered, on recommendation of the Executive Committee, or of any ten members of the Society, by a vote of three-fourths of the members present at any regular meeting. War from the Christian Point of View.- By Ernest Howard Crosby. Address at the Episcopal Church Congress at Providence, R. I., November, 1900. 12 pages. $1.50 per hundred, prepaid. The Coming Reform-A Woman's Word. By Mary Elizabeth Blake. New edition, 12 pages. $1.50 per hundred. The Nation's Responsibility for Peace.-By Benjamin F. Trueblood, LL.D.* Price 5 cts., or $2.00 per hundred, prepaid. The Mexican International American Conference and Arbitration. --By Hon. William I. Buchanan. Address delivered before the American Peace Society, Boston, April 15, 1902. 23 pages. Price 5 cts., prepaid. The Absurdities of Militarism.- By Ernest Howard Crosby. An Essay toward the Present and Future Peace of Europe.— A Permanent Tribunal of Arbitration. - By Edward Everett Topics for Essays and Discussions in Schools, Colleges, and Report of the Chicago Peace Congress of 1893.- Price postpaid, cloth 75 cts.; paper, 50 cents. Report of the American Friends' Peace Conference. Held at Philadelphia in December, 1901. Contains all the papers read. Price 15 cts. postpaid. The Christian Attitude Toward War in the Light of Recent History.- By Alexander Mackennal, D. D. 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