Government and allied services are expected to decline and it has been assumed that their percentage will go down from 41.81 per cent to 30.24%. The growth in the trade and Commerce will remain more or less static and other sectors of economy will make good of the lessee of sustained in the category of Services and Agriculture. The projected force of population in the year 1995 is given in the following table :

Projection Of Workers Category Wise For 1965 In Lucknow Town Group Nagar Mahapalika, Alambagh Charbagh, (Notified Area And Cantonment Area) Included By The Method Of Geometrical Rate Of Increase

Physical Pattern and Functional Analysis

Main problems of the city may be solved by the effective decentralization of the population from the high density Central part of the City and their resettlement in the new site within the proposed limit of Urban area For such a purpose, the most desirable trend of development of Lucknow should take place in the circular and radial pattern which means all-round extension, towards suitable areas on Faizabad Road, Kanpur Road, Sitapur Road and Hardoi Road, excepting Sultanpur and Rae Bareli Road regarding living working and recreation.

The new

development should be self sufficient and zoned for specific uses. The main hub of the city has been placed almost in the centre of the city, called the 'City Centre' comprising of the activities like Government Offices, Business and Commerce, Parks and Recreational activities and other public amenities. Surrounded by the Central core is the zone of residential areas of different densities. The Industrial activities have been zoned on the South-Western side at outskirt of the city on Talkatora and Kanpur Road. The core of the city has been connected by a net work of radial roads and the Green belt. Each neighbourhood has been planned as an independent entity and has been provided with all the public amenities which a community requires. In the functional analysis the journey to work has been kept minimum from the different residential areas to work _centres.

The zoning of the Industrial area on one side is to effectuate local decentralisation from the central business district where most of the present small scale Industries are located. This would not only believe congestion on road in the Central areas but also save the residents from ugly sight, smoke, dust, odour and other industrial hazards.

Land Uses

The main component of any master plan is the Land Use as this determines the size and the structure of the city as a whole. In its analysis are involved the consideration of various determinants like topography, socioeconomic structure of population, transportation system and public, amenities and considerations that the future requirements services. It is after balancing of all these of the space are worked out and the pattern is evolved.

In the greater Lucknow Plan and in the planning policy, Lucknow has been conceived as a single great entity with one main centre, a transportation system providing radial movement to and from the main centre, a conical density pattern high near centre and falling off gradually, a more or less definable outer edge to its physically built up spread and appropriately encircled by a substantial green belt.

Adjoining this core area, high and medium density residential areas have been proposed with a varying density of 200 to 150 persons per gross acre. This high density will have 467 acres of land and the medium high would cover 2,495 acres.

Around this high and medium density zone are the medium low and low densities with a density range from 50-100 and below 50 persons per gross acres respectively. Thus a total area of 19,533 acres have been earmarked for residential areas in the proposed Master Plan which brings the overall residential density to 79 persons per gross acre. Housing

At present there are 1,28,654 houses

existing in the city out of which 12,865 are in dilapidated conditions and need replacement. The number of households is 1,37,976 and therefore at the rate of one house per family. A shortage of 9,322 houses existed in 1961 and the qualitative shortage was 22,187.

In the final stage the requirement of similar houses which should be provided would be 94,035 (quantitatively) and 1,00,107 houses qualitatively.

Industrial Use

An area of 3,472 acres have been earmarked for industrial use on Talkatora, Aishbagh and Kanpur and Fyzabad Road. These areas are well connected by road and railways.

Chinhat village which has already established its name as the centre of Pottery has been retained as light Industrial centre.

Transportation Use

Railways. Lucknow is the Divisional headquarter of Northern Railway and as such there are many activities connected with the operation, transport, engineering and maintenance. The District offices of N. E. Railway are located in Lucknow. There is a research and design directorate located at Simla till now, has already started shifting to Lucknow on Kanpur road in a sporadic way. There are Loco Work Shops, Loco Yards and big residential area for staff quarters. It is expected that the activities of the Railway will increase in future and in order that the growth is not sporadic as is the case now it is proposed to earmark a zone for transportation use.

Airports. The present Airport of Amausi is proposed to be enlarged to meet the growing requirements of air passengers during the coming 30 years. It is expected that during the plan period, there will be direct service to and from Lucknow to all the metropolitan and capital cities of India. The Jet Service is already in plan and its implementation is only a matter of few years. An area of 1668 acres adjacent to the present site has been earmarked for this purpose.

(To be continued in next issue )

NEW

THE USSR

In the last decade 20 new names were added annually to the list of Soviet towns, while the total of new towns which made their appearance under Soviet power has reached 900. Some of these grew out of villages and settlements, but a good 400 were laid down a new in areas till then uninhabited.

Extensive Growth

Towns are not only evidence of man's conquest of Natures materialised in brick, glass and concrete, they are also stepping stones of progress. Extensive urban building is testimony of a country's growth, The fact that tsarist Russia, especially in its last hundred years, had a low rate of town buildings is yet another evidence of its economic adequacy. In 1917, the year of the revolution, less than one-fifth of Russia's population lived in towns. The latter were, essentially, rare islands in a sea of timber and above villages.

The Socialist Revolution of 1917 started the country on its way up. The stupendous development of productive forces brought about town construction on a scale never before known in Russia The building up of a new industrial potential began with the iron and steel industry, and the first new towns, Magnitogorsk and Kuznetsk, grew up around iron-and-steel plants. Then towns of machine-builders, oil and chemistry workers made their appearance.

In the Russian Empire the frontiers of civilisation lay along the Urals range and the trans-Siberian railway. To the east and north of them lay expanses where the only "seats of culture" were prisons. In the nineteen-thirties new towns made their way into the taiga forest and tundra waste-land. Komsomolsk was founded on the Amur in the Far East, and the first piles to support the log houses of lgarka port were driven into the permafrost on the bank of the Yenisei, north of the Arctic Circle. During

the Second World War town construction in

The Programme has been made on a 3-year basis starting this year and with the following backgrounds:

1. The 1965 census set the population of Tokyo at 10,869 thousand, showing an average annual increase of 237 thousand during the preceding 5 years. The increase was 50 thousand less than 287 thousand estimated in the Ten-Year Plan. This shows that the pace of Tokyo's population increase has begun to slacken. The slackness, however, does not mean a decrease in migration from other prefectures to Tokyo, but means an increase in migration from Tokyo to the neighbouring prefectures where there are power priced and healthier housing sites. The same phenomenon has also been seen within Tokyo: the urban population has moved to the suburban districts. Such an efflux of population eventually flows backward to central Tokyo in the day time, making the balance of population between day and night greater. On the other hand, the swelling population of the suburban districts has resulted in the increasing demands for city services.

2. The period of Japan's high economic growth had ended before the first half stage of the Ten-Year Plan passed off and, at the same time, the city tax revenue became blunt. For these two or three years, the finances of Tokyo have continued to get worse in the fiscal year of 1964-65 its general account ran into the red figure of 10,300 million yen and its public utilities account, 19,300 million yen. On the other hand, a rise in prices and wages has swelled the cost of city services.

3. At the outset, the Ten-Year Plan aimed (a) to check an overgrowth of popula tion and industries of Tokyo, (b) to revamp the urban areas and to develop the suburban towns, (c) to improve living environment and public facilities, (d) to place the economic structure on a highly modernized level, and (e) to promote social welfare and education. Among these, emphasis was laid on construction of roads, water-works, sewerage and other public works in preparation, in the main, for the staging of the Olympic Games. As a result, such services closely related to the citizens' daily life have made less progress than expected.

Taking the above backgrounds into consideration, the new Enforcement Programme has attached much importance to the following projects:

1. Public Housing. To build 38,000 units to mitigate an acute housing shortage.

2. Better Living Environment. To extend waterworks and sewerage to cover 90.8 percent and 40 percent of the ward area respectively; to build additional 7 refuse incineration plants to dispose of 49 percent of 9,800 tons of refuse to be collected a day; to develop parks, open spaces and playgrounds; and to enhance anti-public nuisance

measures.

3. Social Welfare. To build therapeutic homes for the mentally or physically handicapped; and to multiply welfare facilities for children and old people.

4. Public Health. To increase beds in mental hospitals; to establish cerebral sergery with 12-15 beds in every metropolitan general hospital; to build a new general hospital with 300 beds in the country area; and to build five new health centres in the outlying wards and country area.

5. Labour And Employment. To build to new occupational training workshops; to further unemployment relief work; and to build a workers' welfare hall.

6. Industrial Services. To increase the amount of loans to smaller enterprisers; to