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All these natural, unadorned images, of which the bard has constructed his poem, the artist has wrought into his picture. Compared with the surrounding compositions, bold in design, and studied in chiaroscuro, form, and colour, this may appear too local in circumstance, and unlearned in effect; but we travel over the scene with the greater delight, because we feel that it is congenial to the sentiment of the poet. If it tells not as well in painting as in verse, it is not the fault of the artist, so much as in the art: for, in this all is simple fact, nothing is left for the imagination, as in that.

The celebrity of this beautiful poem is known to all, the circumstances that gave rise to it, are, perhaps, known to few. Milton, after his first marriage, retired to a small village, situated on a pleasant rising ground, about three miles from Oxford, and called Forest Hill, because it formerly lay contiguous to a forest, which has since been cut down. Here, it is be'ieved, he composed several of his early productions. The scene from Milton's country-house, it appears, afforded the real imagery of his famed L'Allegro.

The traveller's visit thither is thus described by Mr. Galt:

"It was neither the proper season of the year, nor time of the day, to hear all the rural sounds, and see all the objects mentioned in this description; but, by a pleasing concurrence of circumstances, we were saluted, upon our approach to the village, with the music of the mower and his scythe; we saw the ploughman intent upon his labour, and the milkmaid returning from her country employment.

"As we ascended the hill, the variety of beautiful objects, the agreeable stillness and natural simplicity of the whole scene, gave us the highest pleasure. We at length reached the spot whence Milton undoubtedly took most of his images: it is on the top of the hill, from which there is a most extensive prospect on all sides. The distant mountains that seemed to support the clouds, the villages, and turrets, partly shaded with trees of the finest verdure, and partly raised above the groves that surrounded them; the dark plains and meadows of a greyish colour, where the sheep were feeding at large; in short, the view of the streams and rivers-convinced us that there was not a single useless or idle word in the above-mentioned description, but that it was a most exact and lively representation of nature. Thus will this fine passage, which has always been admired for its elegance, receive an additional beauty from its exactness. After we had walked, with a kind of poetical enthusiasm, over this enchanted ground,

we returned to the village.

"The poet's house is close to the church; the greatest part of it has been pulled down, and what remains belongs to an adjacent farm. I am informed that several papers, in Milton's own hand, were found by the gentleman who was last in possession of the estate. The tradition of his having lived there is current among the villages: one of them showed us a ruinous wall that made part of his chamber, and I was much pleased with another, who had forgotten the name of Milton, but recollected him by the title of The Poet.

may conclude from his description of the lark bidding him good-morrow, Through the sweetbriar, or the vine, Or the twisted eglantine:

for it is evident that he meant a sort of honeysuckle by the eglantine, though that word is commonly used for the sweetbriar, which he could not mention twice in the same couplet."

of our notices. Want of space obliges us to postpone the remainder

FINE ARTS.

Views on the Rhine in Belgium and Holland, from Drawings, by CAPTAIN BATTY, of the Grenadier Guards, F.R.S. London: Jennings, Poultry.

The military court of our Great Edward the Third was famed all over Europe, as the first school of chivalry. Hence were sent hither the sons of the nobility from every foreign part, to finish their education in the accomplishments of knighthood. From the military institution of that age, as practised in England, may be dated the commencement of that general civilization, which by degrees has obliterated the memory of the then recent barbarism of the gothic ages.

How it happens that the military youths of our day, have none of this knightly spirit left but that, which is native, courage, is worthy of philosophic enquiry. It was the pride of the knights of old to be depicted with a lance in one hand, and a book in the other. Bravery, a cultivated mind, and courteous manners, were indispensably united then, to constitute the gentleman.

We are not singular in our opinions, that youth intended for the military profession, should be taught to draw. It has long been urged as an acquirement, useful in many points-and at the military academies, it is considered an indispensable branch of study. On service, the soldier has opportunities of visiting remote regions, where the enquiring professor of science dares not set his foot. To many military gentlemen who have cultivated this useful art, and of whom we shall speak particularly hereafter, the world of taste owe their obligations, for a knowledge of much grand, industrious research, they must for ever have remained and interesting scenery, which, but for their talent, and in ignorancer

The work in question, is not of that character however; but if it be not composed of scenery very remote from England, it is yet descriptive of regions to the lovers of the picturesque, in England, hitherto little known.

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A well engraved series of Views on the Rhine," says the author of this elegant little publication, “a "It must not be omitted, that the groves near this vil-river abounding, perhaps, in more picturesque beauties lage are famous for nightingales, which are so elegantly described in the Pensieroso. Most of the cottage windows are overgrown with sweet-briars, vines, and honeysuckles: and that Milton's habitation had the same rustic ornament, we

than any other in Europe, has long been wanting; and when combined with views of the remarkable and splendid architectural features of the Netherlands, and

the bustling marine and river scenery of Holland, can- tents of the volume will not be found to justify. Most not fail to form a work of novel and highly varied authors accordingly, in sending forth a work that has character." any pretensions to novelty, endeavour to conciliate the We agree with Captain Batty in this; for although || favour of their readers, by acknowledging the rashness we have the ponderous folio of Scenery on the Rhine of the enterprise, and expatiating on the difficulties before us, drawn and partly engraved by the late inde- || which they have encountered in the execution of it. fatigable Vicar of Battersea, assisted by John Hill, the These excuses it is true, are seldom regarded as very aquatinter, now flourishing in America-we have sincere; and perhaps the most prudent plan that a more character, and local identity in the line engra-writer can pursue, is to submit the results of his labours vings, published in the first number of this octavo without any preface or apology, leaving the public to work, and become more intimately acquainted with the form their own judgments of its merits.' shores of the Rhine, than by wading through a dozen large volumes, like that by the tourist Mr. Gardener. Plate 1, Describes the imposing site of Ehrenbreit-preface, we should have been deprived of the pleasure stein Castle, situated on a rock, as viewed from the City of Coblentz, on the left and opposite bank of the Rhine.

Plate 2, Represents part of the Ancient City of Ghent, with a view of St. Michael's Church.

Plate 3, Is a view of the Gate of Ghent, at Bruges. Plate 4, Is a commanding view of a Sweep of the Rhine, looking towards the little City of Bacharach, likened from its situation, and manner of building, to Jerusalem.

Plate 5, Represents the Cathedral of Mayence. These views have the appearance of being sketched with fidelity, and display a knowledge of linear perspective, a quality which is rarely observable in the topographical drawings of amateur artists-a fault which we have had too much reason to reprehend; for a masterly arrangement of light and shadow are affairs of study and cultivated taste, whilst perspective, the very grammar of topography, is a science of mere mechanical acquirement: hence ignorance of its principles, with those who emulate the honors appertaining to art, admits of no quarter from the critical censor.

This work will be completed in twelve parts, each to contain five plates, accompanied by historical and descriptive letter-press in English and in French. It is handsomely printed, and if continued uniformly with this specimen, will make a pleasing addenda to the graphic library.

The family of this gentleman is particularly identified with the arts. Dr. Batty, M.D. the father of the captain, long and deservedly esteemed by his own profession, has been equally long known as an amateur artist, and encourager of the arts. The fair daughter of the doctor too, eminent for her topographical taste, has given to the world a series of views, of Italian scenery, illustrative of a tour, which she made to those classic regions, in an elegant publication, which will perpetuate her fame among the most distinguished of her

sex.

We agree generally with these sentiments; but had not the author favored his readers with this luminous

which we have received from its perusal, and remained ignorant of much interesting information, upon a subject which every one, desirous of acquiring useful knowledge, might reasonably desire to know.

We were first led to inquire into the nature of this learned treatise on ancient wines, from accidentally meeting with some proof impressions of engravings on wood, expressly designed to illustrate certain classic customs appertaining to the " Historia Vinaria." We opened the book, and were imperceptibly led on by the unexpected interest, and extensive research with which its pages are fraught, until we had given more time to the subject than convenience could spare-until indeed we were so entirely wrapt in the delight of the past, as to neglect the duties which imperiously bid us to be active for the present, whilst the sand runs too fast for our diligence.

To attempt an analysis of a voluminous work, like this, in our circumscribed page, would be productive of no advantage to the learned author, to our readers, or ourselves, for we profess to be incompetent to the subject. We may say, however, that the divisions of the work appear so well arranged, that every part has a bearing to the general design, and that as far as our reading has enabled us to judge, the object proposed is completely effective.

With the more remote history, which traces the process of the foreign vintage from the earliest ages, we were deeply interested. Those passages, which relate to the monkish periods of our own country, when the vineyard was successfully cultivated by the learned priests, the enlightened horticulturists of our olden times, could not fail to delight us still more. suming that this part of the work will excite the same sensations in the minds of our readers-being more genial to general modern taste, we shall copy a passage from the Culture of the Vine in England.

Pre

"Towards the middle of the twelfth century, if we may credit William of Malmesbury, vineyards were no longer confined to a few spots, as in the time of Bede, but extend

The History of Ancient and Foreign Wines, by DR. HEN-ed over large tracts of country; producing abundance of exDERSON. London: Baldwin, Cradock and Joy 4to. "EXPECTATIONS are often raised by a title-page," says the author of this elegant work, "which the con

cellent wine. You may behold,' he observes, when describing the fertility of the Vale of Glouster, the paths and public roads fenced with apple trees, which are not planted by the hands of man, but grow spontaneously; and such is the

only to parallel, but almost to outrival that of France: and, for some years, the Duke of Norfolk made a considerable quantity of wine from a vineyard at Arundel Castle, which according to the report of a writer in the Museum Rusticum, excelled much of the Burgundy imported into this country, though he admits it was not of quite so fine a flavour as the wines of Beaune.' Between thirty and forty years ago, Sir Richard Worsley, in order to give the experiment every chance of success, procured some of the most hardy species of vines, planted them in a rocky soil, with a south-eastern exposure, at St. Laurence, in the Isle of Wight, and engaged a vine-dresser from France to superintend their culture. The result was, that, in one or two favourable years, a tolerable crop of grapes was obtained: but eventually the cold springs and early autumns weakenwas soon entirely abandoned. It must, however, be acknowledged, that, notwithstanding the general mildness of the climate of the Isle of Wight, the spot chosen by Sir Richard was not the best adapted for a vineyard; for it is close upon the sea, and consequently much exposed to the cold winds which prevail in the Channel, especially at the time when the vine begins to bud. The endeavours of Mr. Hasue. As the account he has given of his operations shows not only the difficulties with which he had to contend, but also the manner in which he succeeded in conquering them, it may serve as a record of what can be accomplished in this way, by those who can afford the expense, and have sufficient perseverance to perfect the experiment. 662 The vineyard at Painshill,' he observes, in a communication to Sir E. Barry, is situated on the south side of a gentle hill, the soil a gravelly sand. It is planted entirely with the two sorts of Burgundy grapes; the auvernat, which These accumulated proofs, however, strong as they un- is the most delicate, but the tenderest; and the miller doubtedly are, by no means warrant the assertion of Dr. grape, commonly called the black cluster, which is more Plott, that the Britons planted vineyards and made wines hardy. The first year, I attempted to make red wine, in anciently over all the kingdom;' by which he probably the usual way, by treading the grapes. then letting them meant to insinuate, that this country was chiefly supplied ferment in a vat, till all the husks and impurities formed with wine of its own growth. In the time of Bede, it is a thick crust at the top, the boiling ceased, and the clear clear that vineyards were few in number; in Domesday | wine was drawn off from the bottom. Book mention is made of them about eight-and-thirty times; and most of those which were planted after the Conquest either belonged to the monasteries, or were cultivated by wealthy individuals, for amusement rather than profit. But foreign wine was already in general use; and as it could be had of much better quality, and probably at less expense, than what was produced in the island, it is not likely that the supply of the latter was ever sufficient for the consumption of the country. We find, it is true, that the monks of Ely were in the practice of occasionally selling part of the wine and verjuice which they made; and we are told by Stowe, that, among the archives of the Court of Pleas of the Forest and Honours at Windsor, is to be seen the yearly account of the charges of the planting of the vines, that in the time of King Richard II. grew in great plenty within the little Park, as also the making of the wine itself, whereof some part was spent in the king's house, and some part sold to his profit, the tithes whereof were paid to the abbot of Waltham, then parson both of the New and Old Windlesore.' It was probably, however, only the refuse of the vintages which thus came into the market, and that in no great plenty. It will shortly appear, that, at the period last mentioned, foreign wines were imported annually to a large mount. As they came into general use, most of the vineyards were naturally suffered to fall into decay.

exuberance of the soil, that it teems with the fairest fruits, which are of excellent flavour, and so durable a nature, that many of them will keep a whole year. This district, too, exhibits a greater number of vineyards than any other county in England; yielding abundant crops, and of superior quality. Nor are the wines made here by any means harsh and ungrateful to the palate; for, in point of sweetness, the may almost bear comparison with the growths of France. Though this description of the Gloucestershire fruits and wines may appear highly coloured, yet it is clear and consistent, and discovers, in my opinion, nothing to justify the interpretation put upon it by Mr. Daines Barrington; who endeavours to make out, that the words vine and vina, in the original, signify properly, not vineyards and vines, but orchards and cider. There is no evidence, that these words were at any period used in that sense by the monkish wri-ed the plants, and blighted the produce, and the scheme ters; and, in the passage under consideration, a marked distinction is made between the two kinds of produce. In Domesday Book, and other ancient records, the term pomerium occurs, which sufficiently shows, that the names were not confounded in the maner alleged; and if any other proof of the true meaning of the expressions were required, it is abundantly supplied by a subsequent passage in the work just quoted, where the author not only specifies apple-milton, at Painshill, were rather more fortunate in the istrees and vines as different plants, but describes the manner in which the latter grew. Comparing the domain of Thorney, in the Isle of Ely, to an earthly Paradise, he says, It is so fully cultivated, that no portion of the soil is left unoccupied. On the one hand it may be seen thickly studded || with apple trees; on the other, covered with vines, which either trail along the ground, or are trained on high, and supported on poles. Were all other testimony wanting as to the culture of the vine in those early times, this alone would be decisive of the question.

"This essay did not answer: the wine was so very harsh and austere, that I despaired of ever making red wine fit to drink; but through that harshness I perceived a flavour something like that of some small French white wines, which made me hope I should succeed better with white wine. That experiment succeeded far beyond my most sanguine expectations; for the very first year I made white wine, it nearly resembled the flavour of Champagne; and in two or three years more, as the vines grew stronger, to my great amazement, my wine had a finer flavour than the best Champagne I ever tasted; the first running was as clear as spirits, the second running was eil de perdrix, and both of them sparkled and creamed in the glass like Champagne. It would be endless to mention how many good judges of wine were deceived by my wine, and thought it superior to any Champagne they ever drank even the Duke de Mirepoix preferred it to any other wine; but such is the prejudice of most people against any thing of English growth, I generally found it most prudent not to declare where it grew, till after they had passed their verdict upon it. The surest proof I can give of its excellence is, that I have sold it to wine merchants for fifty guineas a hogshead and one wine-merchant, to whom I sold five hundred pounds' worth at one time, assured me, he sold some of the best of it, from 7s. 6d. to 10s. 6d. per bottle.

"After many years' experience, the best method I found "In more recent times, several attempts had been made of making and managing it was this:-I let the grapes hang, to revive this species of culture, and to manufacture wines till they bad got all the maturity the season would give from English grapes. Thus Philipott assures us, that at them; then they were carefully cut off with scissars, and Godington, in Kent, one Captain Toke hath so industri-brought home to the wine-barn in small quantities, to preously and elegantly cultivated our English vines, that the wine pressed and extracted out of their grapes seems not

vent their heating, or pressing one another; then they were all picked off the stalks, and all the mouldy, or green ones

This magnificent portrait has been painted for Mr. Sams of St. James's-street. It is placed on the ground floor of his premises, in a space prepared to display it to advantage. The light is so disposed, that the effect of the group is almost deceptive.

were discarded, before they were put upon the press, where only in the royal portrait, but in the horse, he has exceeded they were all pressed in a few hours after they were gather-himself. We cannot but congratulate this father of English ed; much would run from them before the press squeezed || historical painting, upon the possession of mental and them, from their own weight upon one another. This run- bodily energies, at his time of life, equal to the performance ning was as clear as water, and sweet as syrup, and all this of so great a work of art. of the first pressing, and part of the second, countinued white; the other pressings grew reddish, and were not mixed with the best. As fast as the wine ran from the press into a large receiver, it was put into the hogsheads and closely bunged up. In a few hours one could hear the fermentation begin, which would soon burst the casks, if not guarded against, by hooping them strongly with iron, and securing them in strong wooden frames, and the heads with wedges; in the height of the fermentation, I have frequently seen the wine oozing through the pores of the

staves.

REVIEWS.

The Greek Revolution; its Origin and Progress: together with some Remarks on the Religion, National Character, &c. in Greece. By EDWARD BLAQUIERE, Esq. London: G. and W. B. Whittaker, 1824.

These hogsheads were left all the depth of winter in the cool barn, to reap the benefit of the frosts. When the fermentation was over, which was easily discovered by the cessation of noise and oozing; but to be more certain, by pegging the cask, when it would be quite clear; then it was A JOURNAL devoted as ours is to the consideration racked off into clean hogsheads, and carried to the vaults, of literature and art, is wisely bound to abstain from before any warmth of weather could raise a second fermen- every thing like political discussion. If, however, any tation. In March, the Hogsheads were examined; if any were not quite fine, they were fined down with common fish subject could warrant a departure from this general glue, in the usual manner: those that were fine of them-restriction, it would be that glorious struggle selves were not fined down, and all were bottled about the which the brave and patriotic Greeks are now making end of March; and in about six weeks more would be in per- against their ferocious and malignant oppressors. Who fect order for drinking, and would be in their prime for can remain silent when the fate of so large a portion above one year; but the second year the flavour and sweetness would abate, and would gradually decline, till at last it of civilized humanity is in dispute ;-when the queslost all flavour and sweetness; and some that I kept sixteen tion is whether the "mother of arts and arms," shall years became so like old Hock, that it might pass for such still remain steeped in disgraceful and afflicting slavery, to one who was not a perfect connoisseur. The only art I ever used to it, was putting three pounds of white sugaror once more assume her separate and independent candy to some of the hogsheads, when the wine was first station amongst the nations of the world? We thank tunned from the press, in order to conform to a rage that Mr. Blaquiere-it is not the only claim he has to the prevailed, to drink none but the very sweet Champagne. "I am convinced much good wine might be unde in gratitude of his countrymen, for this opportunity of many parts of the south of England. Many parts are south expressing our sympathies in behalf of the young liof Painshill, many soils may yet be fitter for it, and many berty of Greece. situations must be so; for mine was much exposed to the south-west wind (the worst of all for vines), and the declivity was rather too steep; yet with these disadvantages it succeeded many years. Indeed the uncertainty of our climate is against it, and many fine crops have been spoiled by May frosts and wet summers: but one good year balances many disappointments.'"

To be continued in our next, when we shall notice the great merit of the prints, which are drawn and engraved on wood by Mr. Harvey, with so much credit o his taste and skill.

EQUESTRIAN PORTRAIT OF THE KING.

We have been favoured with the sight of a portrait of his Majesty, recently painted by James Northcote, Esq. R.A. which we may venture to pronounce a faithful resemblance. Indeed, certain noblemen and gentlemen who have frequent opportunities of seeing our sovereign, consider it the most characteristic portrait that has been taken of late years from the royal person.

His majesty is represented on a dun horse, bearing a truncheon in his right hand. The position is dignified, and princely, and the countenance beams with a noble and benignant expression. The horse is grand, and very superior in style, and correctness of form, to most of those which we behold in large equestrian portraits. Mr. Northcote has long been known to fame, for his superior talent in the animal department of painting. In this composition, not

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Mr. Blaquiere, it is known, has lately been travelling in the countries he describes, and has returned thither within a few weeks, bearing some substantial evidences of the kind disposition of the English people towards the Greek patriots. Acquainted with all the leaders of the Revolution, and naturally given to the most indefatigable pursuits, he has been able to accumulate a great quantity of materials on the subject of the state and prospects of Greece. The introductory chapters contain a rapid but complete sketch of the origin of that spirit, which at length developed itself in the present revolution. Mr. Blaquiere ascribes much of the success of the struggle to the wise arrangements of the patriotic society of the Hetaria. They chose Alexander Ipsilanti as their leader, and arranged their measures for commencing the revolt in 1825:

"The plan of campaign traced out by the Hetærists, and the calculations on which they proceeded, were as follows:No doubt could be entertained of the speedy reduction of the principalities; their possession would afford the means of organizing a considerable force, keeping up a communication with the rest of Europe, diverting the attention of the Turks, and also a fair chance of embroiling them with the great northern Potentate, to whom the patriots still confidently looked for assistance. A formidable conspiracy was set on foot at the same time, in the very capital itself, the explosion of which would, it was thought, shake the Ot

toman empire to its foundations, and enable Ipsilanti to assume the offensive beyond the Danube, while a spirited proclamation should summon the whole of Greece to arms, from Ossa to Tonarus. It was fully expected that on the first news of the rising, the Servians, instead of remaining tranquil spectators of the contest, would unite their efforts to those of the Greeks. The plan was unquestionably well concerted, and had all the parts received their full execution, it would probably have been crowned with success."

deeper reasons to hate the Turks, yet he constantly interposed to save them from insult and ill treatment when vanquished, and by example as well as precept, endeavoured to check the excesses inseparable from such a war. If his efforts were not always crowned with success, there is not less credit due to the character and motives of Prince Demetrius. His greatest fault is perhaps, that of not possessing sufficient energy, and being too mild for the circumstances in which he was placed, and the men with whom he had to act."

The siege and fall of Tripolizzi ensued, and Mr. Blaquiere rescues the Greek character from the foul and atrocious imputations which had been thrown upon it, by its enemies throughout Europe.

The congress at Epidaurus was the next event of consequence in the annals of the struggle. They drew up a constitution, and published an address to the people of Greece. The second campaign began with one of the most terrific events that the historian of the

It was intended to begin hostilities in Walachia and Moldavia the condition and character of the inhabitants of these principalities are very impartially though severely described. Little aid could the Greeks hope from such a people, and indeed, with very few exceptions, the higher classes were averse to the projects of the Hetarists. But the simple and hardy peasantry were influenced by a different feeling, and ready to coalesce with the Greeks against the Mahometan dominion. The revolution began in Moldavia, and was proceed-present age will have to record. The desolation of ing with success, when the manifesto of the Russian Emperor, denouncing Ipsilanti as a rebel and incendiary, suddenly checked and dispirited the Greeks. The Turkish soldiers conducted themselves with the most unparalleled atrocity, impaling and massacreing their prisoners, and hanging up numbers of little children by the feet, on the trees along the public roads. The Greeks were defeated at Dragachau. Ipsilanti was arrested at Trieste, by order of the Austrian cabinet, and confined in the castle of Mongatz in Hungary.

Scio, and the massacre of its inhabitants :

"This event took place on the 23d of April, when a fleet of fifty sail, including five of the line, anchored in the bay, and immediately began to bombard the town, while several thousand troops were landed under the guns of the citadel, which also opened a heavy fire on the Greeks. It was in vain for the islanders to make any resistance: deserted by the Samians, most of whom embarked, and sailed away, when the Turkish fleet hove in sight, they were easily the last direful act, Scio, lately so great an object of admioverpowered, and obliged to fly. From this moment, until ration to strangers, presented one continued scene of horror and dismay. Having massacred every soul, whether men, women, or children, whom they found in the town, watched the flames until not a house was left, except those the Turks first plundered and then set fire to it, and of the foreign consuls. Three days had, however, heen suffered to pass before the infidels ventured to penetrate into the interior of the island, and even then their excesses were confined to the low grounds. But there was ample scope on these for gratifying their thirst for Christian blood. An eye-witness, who escaped, as it were, by a miracle, thus expressed himself in a letter to a friend, O God! what a spectacle did Scio present on this lamentable occasion: on whatever side I cast my eyes, nothing but pillage, murder, and conflagration appeared. While some were occupied in plundering the villas of rich merchants, and others groans of men, women, and children, who were falling under the words and daggers of the infidels. The only exception made during the massacre, was in favour of young women and boys, who were preserved only to be afterwards sold as slaves. Many of the former, whose husbands had been butchered, were running to and fro frantic, with torn garments and dishevelled hair, pressing their trembling infants to their breasts, and seeking death as a relief from the still greater calamities that awaited them.'

The Turkish government at Constantinople, as soon as the news of the rising in Moldavia was received, went to work in the old way, and murdered all who bore any affinity to the revolted, either by the ties of consanguinity or religion. It seemed as if the total extermination of the Greek people was resolved upon by the Divan. Mr. Blaquiere details many of their cruelties, and relates their effects on the minds and feelings of the people. A distinct and satisfactory typographical description of Greece then follows. The recommencement of hostilities, and the successes of the patriots are described in very glowing colours. Demetrius Ipsilanti was chosen leader, and his cha-setting fire to the villages, the air was rent with the mingled racter is thus given.

"This young man, though not more than twenty-two years of age, had held the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in the || Russian army, but without having found an opportunity of acquiring a knowledge of his profession by active service in the field. His exterior is rather unfavourable, being of short stature, and nearly bald; and there is an expression of coldness in his manner, which is apt to repel strangers; but on a closer acquaintance, this reserve wears away, when his excellent qualities appear in their true colours. Intrepid, persevering, and totally indifferent to the allurements of pleasure, Ipsilanti has no thought, no wish but for the honour and happiness of Greece and if he desired to be at the head of the government, it was only that he might be able to render her more essential service. Unlike many others, he was scrupulous in the means he employed to gain even his most favourite ends, and disinterested in the extreme, amidst a system of pillage and peculation which would have followed a similar revolution in the most enlightened country of Europe. Although no man had

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"Above forty thousand of both sexes had already either fallen victims to the sword, or been selected for sale in the Bazaars, when it occurred to the Pacha, that no time should be lost in persuading those who had fled to the more inaccessible parts of the island to lay down their arms and submit. It being impossible to effect this by force, they had recourse to a favourite expedient with Mussulmen; that of proclaiming an amnesty. In order that no doubt should be entertained of their sincerity, the foreign consuls, more particularly those of England, France, and Austria, were called upon to guarantee the promises of the Turks: they accordingly went forth, and invited the unfortunate pea

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